Thesis (MTech (Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1992 / Although there are too many applicants for the number of posts available in radiography courses, the standard of the applicants has not improved and the rates of attrition have not decreased. The problem was investigated against the background of South Africa and the 21st century, with particular reference to manpower needs, demography, population trends, education, health and the economy. An attempt was, therefore, made to provide recommendations to improve the situation in radiography. Before the research was conducted, the background of radiography, pertaining to South Africa was sketched. Reference was made to the various international organisations which had contributed to the development of the profession of radiography in this country. The position of the technikons, as tertiary education institutions was highlighted and their relation to radiography training mentioned. To understand the close liaison between the technikons and the employers of student radiographers, the present position of radiography as a vocation and as a profession, and of radiographers as professionals, was discussed. This included the concept of co-operative education and experiential training. The significance of technology versus human beings, and of its relevance to education, radiography and science was explored to illustrate the background for which procurement and selection must be made. Principles of procurement relevant to radiography were then discussed. Particular mention Was made of the need for a job analysis and its constituent description and specifications regarding selection of students.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, in vitro, a resistência à compressão de 30 raízes bovinas, tratadas endodonticamente, divididas em 3 grupos com 10 raízes cada e restauradas com pino metálico fundido (Grupo 1), pino pré-fabricado de fibra de vidro (Grupo 2) e pino anatômico (Grupo 3). Todas as raízes, com comprimentos de 15mm, foram preparadas internamente para que a espessura dentinária cervical ficasse com 1,5mm, com o objetivo de aumentar a largura do canal radicular. O espaço para o pino foi preparado com 10mm de comprimento. O diâmetro do pino de fibra de vidro escolhido foi o número 2, do sistema utilizado, para que houvesse um espaço entre ele e a estrutura radicular. O Grupo 1 recebeu pino e núcleo metálico fundido cimentado com cimento de fosfato de zinco. O Grupo 2 recebeu pino préfabricado de fibra de vidro cimentado com cimento resinoso Panavia F e núcleo de resina composta Z100. O Grupo 3 recebeu um pino de fibra de vidro modelado no interior do canal com resina composta Z100, cimentado com cimento resinoso Panavia F e núcleo de resina composta Z100. Em todas as raízes dos grupos, um coping metálico foi cimentado com cimento de fosfato de zinco. As raízes foram incluídas em resina acrílica quimicamente ativada, previamente inserida no interior de tubos de PVC e submetidas a testes de compressão em máquina de ensaio Kratos, modelo k2000MP. A carga de compressão foi aplicada a um ângulo de 135 graus ao longo eixo do dente, na face palatina, até que ocorresse uma trinca ou and analysed. The results revealed a statistical difference among groups. Group 1 presented a stronger resistance to fracture than the other groups, which did not present statistical difference. The roots restored with post and cast metallic core were the only ones that presented radicular fracture in the apical root third. The roots that were restored with fibre glass posts presented similar fractures, from the cervical root third to the middle root third. / The aim of this study was to compare, in vitro, the resistance to compression strength of 30bovine roots among canines and incisors endodontically treated, divided into 3 groups with 10 roots each and restored with cast metallic post (Group 1), prefabricated fibre glass post (Group 2), and anatomical post (Group 3). All the roots, with a length of 15mm, were internally prepared so as to their cervical dentin wall thickness would be of 1,5mm, in order to enhance the width of the radicular canal. The space for the post was prepared with 10mm. The diameter of the glass fibre post chosen was the number 2, of the adopted system, so as to create a space between the glass fibre post and the radicular structure. Group 1 received post and cast metallic core cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Group 2 received prefabricated fibre glass post cemented with resin cement Panavia F and composite resin core Z100. Group 3 received a fibre glass post modeled inside the canal with composite resin Z100, cemented with resin cement Panavia F and composite resin core Z100. In all groups, all the roots were cemented with a metallic coping with zinc phosphate cement. The roots were mounted inside pvc pipes with chemically activated acrylic resin, and submitted to compression tests in a universal testing machine Kratos, model k2000MP. The compressive load was done in an angle of 135o in relation to the long axes of the roots, until the occurrence of failure or fracture. The amount of load correspondent to the occurrence of failure or fracture was statistically registered and analysed. The results revealed a statistical difference among groups. Group 1 presented a stronger resistance to fracture than the other groups, which did not present statistical difference. The roots restored with post and cast metallic core were the only ones that presented radicular fracture in the apical root third. The roots that were restored with fibre glass posts presented similar fractures, from the cervical root third to the middle root third.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.

The research question “What does it mean for a woman to be diagnosed with postnatal depression?” indicates three main overlapping areas of investigation: women, including issues of gender, discourses around womanhood and the roles and expectations being a woman carries; diagnosis, which is the categorising of experiences deemed to be outside of what is considered normal and includes discourses around mental health and mental illness; and mothers, including expectations of mothers and motherhood. All of these areas interlink and are arguably socially and culturally specific. There is also an underlying concept of identity as a woman, a mother and a mentally ill person, both separately and as an intersection of the three. It is therefore an important area of investigation within counselling psychology, a discipline that concerns itself with subjective experience and is therefore well placed to interrogate the process of medicalised diagnoses. The social and cultural influence also suggests Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory as the appropriate method as it uses ideas of social constructionism. In this study semistructured interviews were carried out with eight women who believed they had been given a diagnosis of postnatal depression. They were asked about the circumstances leading up to their diagnosis and what they felt the impact was. These interviews were transcribed and analysed using a Grounded Theory methodology (Charmaz, e.g. 2006). A theory of how women view their experience of being diagnosed with postnatal depression, as well as how social factors influence the way the women make sense of this experience, is proposed. This theory takes the form of a process in which women described a dissonance between their expectations of motherhood and their lived experience. They understood this as a lack in themselves and as a result hid their struggles to a point at which they felt they could no longer avoid seeking professional help. The subsequent diagnosis of postnatal depression led to an opening of a dialogue around the difficulties they were experiencing as well as options of possible treatments. The implications of this process are discussed.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is highly prevalent and has a significant impact on stroke patients’ recovery. The systematic review aimed to build on previous review evidence to investigate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on reducing depression levels post-stroke. Multiple electronic databases were searched using a combination of keywords related to depression, stroke and psychosocial interventions. Randomised controlled trials investigating the effect of psychosocial interventions on depression levels for adult stroke patients were included. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using criteria developed by the authors. Sixteen studies were included, four of which found a significant benefit of psychosocial interventions over control conditions on mood. While the results suggest some psychosocial interventions may be effective in reducing depression post-stroke; confidence in these findings is limited due to methodological limitations within studies. The review identified a number of methodological limitations across all included studies which may explain why previous research has not found any benefit of psychosocial interventions for PSD. Therefore, the evidence base is currently insufficient and further research which utilises a robust methodology is needed before any reliable conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for PSD. The empirical study aimed to explore participants’ experiences of an Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) assessment and formulation post-stroke to investigate the acceptability of using this model with patients experiencing PSD and indicate if more detailed quantitative research is justified. Ten participants with post-stroke depression (PSD) received two assessment appointments with a Clinical Psychologist, generating an IPT formulation of their difficulties. Participants subsequently took part in a semi-structured interview about their experience of this process. The results of these interviews were transcribed and analysed using Framework Analysis. Participants were seen to link their difficulties post-stroke to three of the four IPT interpersonal focus areas; interpersonal disputes, role transitions and grief loss. Overall, participants found an IPT assessment and formulation to be acceptable and identified benefits of the sessions including: altering their viewpoint, increasing acceptance of impaired functioning, reducing frustration, increasing positive feelings and leading to improvements in their social support. IPT may therefore be a suitable intervention for PSD and further robust, quantitative research is justifiable. Results suggest acceptance and an altered viewpoint are common following an IPT assessment and formulation; therefore future IPT research should measure changes in these variables alongside mood and behaviour.

No description available.

The proposed CLIC accelerator is designed to collide electrons and positrons at a centre of mass energy of 3 TeV, and a luminosity of 5.9 x 10^(34) cm^(−2) s^(−1) at the interaction point (IP). Being a single-pass machine, luminosity must be maximised by minimising the beam spot size to the order of a few nanometres. The effects of the final focussing and the intense beam-beam effects lead to a high production cross section of beamstrahlung photons, and highly divergent outgoing beams, both spatially and in energy. Pair-production of the beamstrahlung photons leads to coherent pairs. The proposed CLIC post-collision line must transport electrons, positrons and photons from the IP to their respective dumps with minimal losses and background contribution. It is favourable to separate the particle species for diagnostic purposes, and thus the proposed post-collision line contains vertically bending magnets to separate based on charge. This process introduces dispersion to the energetically divergent beam, requiring the vertical apertures of the accelerator components to increase with distance from the IP. Particles in the low energy extreme of the beam cannot realistically pass through the components, which must therefore be protected by carbon-based absorbers. Losses in these absorbers and in the various dumps of the accelerator lead to electromagnetic showering within the material, some of which may be directed onto the IP. Optimisation of the apertures and positions of these components is presented as original research in this thesis. It is the purpose of this thesis to study the CLIC post-collision line, beam transport and the production and effects of secondary particles at the IP. Primarily, the backscattered photons are evaluated, with an introduction to the effect of neutrons. Photonsincident on silicon detectors have the potential to produce false hits, and neutrons to degrade the detectors. The effect of losses on the accelerator components is studied and the survivability of these components discussed.

Organizations expend a great deal of time, effort and money on the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. They are considered the price of entry for large organizations to do business. Yet the success rate of ERP systems is poor. IS literature suggests that one possible reason for this is the underutilization of these systems. Existing ERP literature is replete with research to improve ERP project implementation success; however, notably absent from these streams is the research that identifies how ERP systems are utilized by individuals or organizations. This dissertation posits that increased ERP utilization can result from increased software and business process understanding gained from both formal training and experiential interventions. New dimensions of system utilization (required vs. optional) are proposed. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how these interventions impact ERP utilization. The results of this dissertation show that while software-training interventions are important to understanding, it is the business process training interventions that seem to provide the greater effect on understanding. This increased understanding positively affects utilization scenarios where a mixture (required vs. optional) of software features and business process tasks can be leveraged by end-users. The improved understanding of post-adoptive ERP utilization gained from this study benefits both researchers and practitioners.

AFRIKAANS: Die ekologiese wêreldkrisis is die gevolg van die mens se oorskryding van die perke ten opsigte van vrede, geregtigheid en die heelheid van die skepping. Die kerk het bygedra tot hierdie krisis, en daarom kan dié krisis as ‘n sendingkrisis gesien word. Deur prinsipieel-teologiese beredenering bring hierdie studie duidelikheid oor die kerk se aandeel aan die ekologiese krisis in die wêreld as makrokonteks (afdeling A) en in Suid-Afrika as mikrokonteks (afdeling B) en oor die kerk se missionêre roeping as antwoord op dié krisis. ‘n Ekologiese sendingbenadering bied ‘n oplossing vanuit Suid-Afrika as mikrokonteks vir die wêreld in ‘n makrokonteks (afdeling C). Die studie word in drie afdelings aangebied. Afdeling A onder die opskrif: Die ekologiese krisis en die sending, ondersoek die invloed van die sending op die huidige ekologiese krisis in die makrokonteks. Aangesien die industriële rewolusie die grootste bydrae tot die ekologiese krisis gelewer het, word die sending se aandeel aan die krisis binne drie verskillende tydperke ondersoek. Gedurende die voorindustriële tydperk word die Middeleeuse klooster as teelaarde vir 'n kultuur van plundering bekyk. Verder word die proses van kolonisasie bespreek. Gedurende die vroeë industriele tydperk word daar gefokus op die wêreldbeskouing waardeur die mens as subjek teenoor die.aarde as objek te staan sou kom. 'n Kritiese blik word op die sending se propagering van die Westerse kultuur as 'n kultuur van vooruitgang gewerp. Gedurende die volwasse industriële tydperk word daar gekyk na die sending se bydrae in die totstandkoming van 'n teologie van ontwikkeling. Afdeling B se opskrif is: 'n Ekologiese perspektief op sending in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Hier word op ekologie en sending in Suid-Afrika as mikrokonteks gefokus. Aangesien kolonisasie, industrialisasie en groot-apartheid die grootste bydraende faktore tot die ekologiese krisis in Suid-Afrika is, word die,sending se aandeel tot die krisis ook hier in drie verskillende tydperke hanteer. Gedurende die voorindustriële tydperk word daar gefokus op die sending se aandeel aan die viervoudige proses van grondroof as aspek van die kolonisasieproses. Gedurende die vroeë, industriële tydperk word daar gekyk hoedat die sending doelbewus industriële kultuurwaardes en die Naturelle Grond Wet van 1913 help vestig het. Gedurende die volwasse industriële tydperk word daar gefokus op die sending se steun aan 'n onregverdige sosio-ekonomiese en sosio-politieke sisteem wat op groot-apartheid sou uitloop. Afdeling C onder die opskrif: Riglyne vir 'n ekologiese sendingbenadering in ‘n postapartheid Suid-Afrika, wil die kerk se missionêre roeptng in 'n ekologiese krisis-wêreld verwoord. Hierdie benadering word in terme van tien aspekte van die sending omskrywe. Die basis en vertrekpunt van so 'n benadering is gerig op die koninkryk van God: Geregtigheid teenoor die kosmos vorm die kern van hierdie benadering. 'n Ekologiese sendingbenadering as onder meer evangelisasie, behels dat die Goeie Nuus van Jesus Christus se verlossing so verkondig moet word dat dit die sondaarmens oproep tot 'n nuwe lewe waarin qie nuwe mens as rentmeester van God se skepping lewe. 'n Ekologiese sendingbenadering as Eko-Teologie roep onder meer die kerk tot 'n nuwe manier van teologisering wat ingrypende implikasies vir Teologiese opleiding in 'n postapartheid Suid-Afrika inhou. 'n Ekologiese sendingbenadering vanuit 'n postapartheid Suid-Afrika as mikrowêreld bied vrede, geregtigheid en die heelmaking van die skepping as die kerk se missionêre antwoord op die ekologiese krisis vir die makrowêreld. ENGLISH: Mankind has shattered the justice, peace and integrity of creation. This has resulted in the ecological crisis of the world. The Church has contributed to this crisis. Therefore it may be seen as a mission crisis. Through theological analysis this study examines the role of the Church’s mission regarding the ecological crisis in the world in a macrocontext (section A) and microcontext (section B), as well as the Church’s vocation in the light thereof (section C). An ecological approach to mission from South Africa in a microcontext offers a model for this vocation in a macrocontext. The study consists of three parts. During the pre-industrial-period the study focuses on Medieval monasteries. Among other things a culture of plunder evolved here. The process of colonialism was also the result. In the early industrial period the focus is set on that philosophy of life in which man came to be the subject in opposition to the earth as object. This philosophy brought about the missionary proclamation of a Western culture of progress. During the mature industrial period the contribution of mission towards the establishment of a theology of development is discussed. In part two an ecological perspective on mission in the South African context is given. Because colonialism, industrialisation and grand apartheid are the greatest contributing factors to the ecological crisis in South Africa, mission's contribution towards the crisis is examined during three periods: During the pre-industrial period, the study focuses on the quadruple process mission undertook in the process of colonisation. During the early industrial period the study reflects on how mission deliberately helped establish a set of industrial cultural values and the Land Act of 1913. The mature industrial period focuses on the support of mission to the creation of an unequal socio-economical and socio-political substructure which would eventually lead to grand-apartheid. In order to express the Church’s mission agenda in an ecological crisis world, part three under the heading: Guidelines towards an ecological approach to mission in a post-apartheid South Africa, presents a few guidelines for a new approach to mission in a post-apartheid South Africa. An ecological approach as a comprehensive approach, includes the following aspects: Mission directed towards the Kingdom of God serves as basis and point of departure for such an approach whereas justice towards the cosmos forms the centre thereof. An ecological approach to mission also consists of evangelism where the Good News of the Gospel of Jesus Christ calls mankind as sinner, to a new life in which man’s stewardship of God’s creation is being acknowledged. An ecological approach to mission as Eco-Theology calls the Church to a new way of theologising with radical implications for theological formation in a post-apartheid South Africa. An ecological approach to mission from the microcontext of a post-apartheid South Africa, offers justice, peace and the integrity of creation as the Church’s missiological response to the world in ecological need in the macrocontext. / Thesis (DD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

The following is intended to suggest a fairly simple contention concerning a number of interconnected propositions made in connection with the debates on modernity and secularism. None of these propositions is particularly novel, nor is this the first time that they have been put forward. Yet the issues raised have remained with us and become all the more pressing; I can see that points that were made, against the flow, more than two decades ago, now stand out more cogently than ever, and are being revisited, rediscovered or simply discovered by many. The simple contention I wish to start with concerns Islamism, often brought out emblematically when secularism and modernity are discussed. Like other self-consciously retrogressive identitarian motifs, ideas, sensibilities, moods and inflections of politics that sustain differentialist culturalism and are sustained by it conceptually, Islamism has come to gain very considerable political and social traction over the past quarter of a century. This had until recently reached the extent that it, as a perceptual grid of social and cultural purchase relating to societies and countries that many associate with Islam, has become hegemonic in public discussions about society and politics and, until recently, hegemonic without serious challenge. It has also been crucial for triggering the latest round of antisecular discussions and polemics. The following discussion will proceed in three stages. First, an overall characterisation of anti-secular polemics and motifs in their broader discursive and other contexts and motifs will be offered, with special attention to writings characterised as post-colonialist. Next will be offered a discussion of some keywords that come up in this context and which indicate the conceptual profile in question. The essay will then move on to discuss two specific methods of using history in arguments against secularism. Finally, the essay will concentrate on post-colonialist discussions of Islam and secularism, exemplified in a particular case.:1 Sentiment, Pathos, Rhetoric........................................................................4 2 Moods and Keywords.................................................................................11 3 Actually Existing Secularism and the Challenge of Fate........................21 4 One Genealogy of Post-colonialist Eminence.........................................38 5 Bibliography.................................................................................................51