The aim of the thesis is to create a RBC model incorporating corrupting sector. The thesis contributes to the few existing DSGE models with corruption by introducing the corrupting sector into the sector of firms and political parties which is regarded as a sector of public procurements where firms bribe politicians for gaining public tenders. This setting is new and is supposed to catch better the phenomenon of political corruption. The model predicts that all shocks that positively affect the economy motivate firms to invest more into the bribes and vice versa. The increase of the overall level of corruption stimulates economy but is leading an economy to the instability. The model also examines the effect of various forms of fiscal spending in the households ' utility function. The model exhibits several non-intuitive results (too high portion of stolen money by firms, stimulation of the economic performance caused by higher corruption and negative holding of government bonds) that should be solved in next research.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική σχεδιάζουμε και υλοποιούμε ένα απλό σύστημα για ηλεκτρονικές προμήθειες. Η ηλεκτρονική προμήθεια είναι ένα από τα βασικά μοντέλα ηλεκτρονικών επιχειρήσεων. Οι Ηλεκτρονικές προμήθειες είναι ένας ευρύς όρος που χρησιμοποιείται για να περιγράψει τη χρήση ηλεκτρονικών μεθόδων, μέσω Διαδικτύου, για τη διενέργεια συναλλαγών μεταξύ των «επιχειρήσεων-αγοραστών» και των «επιχειρήσεων-προμηθευτών». Η διαδικασία Ηλεκτρονικών Προμηθειών καλύπτει όλες τις διαδικασίες της συναλλαγής γενικά θα μπορούσε να αποτυπωθεί σαν μια διαδικασία 3 βασικών σταδίων: Ανεύρεση προμηθευτή και διαπραγμάτευση, εκτέλεση Προμήθειας, Ανάλυση. Το πρώτο βήμα για τη δημιουργία του συστήματος μας είναι η υλοποίηση και ο σχεδιασμός της βάσης δεδομένων μας. Αφού ολοκληρώσαμε αυτό το βήμα ασχοληθήκαμε με την υλοποίηση του interface του συστήματος μας και την ενσωμάτωση των απαιτούμενων λειτουργιών. Τέλος κάναμε και μία πρόχειρη μελέτη ευχρηστίας-αξιολόγηση του συστήματος μας. Εν συντομία: - Έχουμε τη βασική σελίδα μας που την βλέπουν όλοι οι χρήστες. -Οι περαστικοί μπορούν απλά να δουν τους ενεργούς διαγωνισμούς και αν θέλουν να φτιάξουν λογαριασμό προμηθευτή. -Όσοι συνδεθούν ως προμηθευτές μπορούν να δουν τους ενεργούς διαγωνισμούς και μπορούν να κάνουν την προσφορά τους σε όσα προϊόντα τους ενδιαφέρει. -Οι διαχειριστές αξιολογούν τις προσφορές μέσω της σελίδας τους για τους διαγωνισμούς που έληξαν και βγάζουν τους νικητές – προμηθευτές για κάθε προϊόν. Επιπλέον μπορούν να προκηρύξουν νέους διαγωνισμούς και να εισάγουν νέα προϊόντα και να δουν τους ενεργούς διαγωνισμούς. Τα εργαλεία μας : notepad++,notepad,Firefox,γλώσσες HTML,PHP και JAVASCRIPT,το WAMP (μέσω αυτού την MySQL και στήσαμε εύκολα και γρήγορα τον εικονικό μας server-APACHE). / In this thesis we design and implement a simple system for e-procurement. The e-procurement is one of the key e-business models. Electronic procurement is a broad term used to describe the use of electronic methods through the Internet, for transactions between " business - buyers" and " business - suppliers." The electronic procurement process covering all processes the transaction generally would be reflected as a process of three basic steps: Search and supplier negotiation, execution of the procurement, Analysis. The first step in creating our system is the implementation and design of our database. After completing this step we deal with the implementation of the interface of our system and the integration of the required functions. Finally we did a simple usability study-evaluation of our system. Briefly: - We have our main page that can be seen by everyone. -Guests can just see active procurements and if they want they can create a supplier-account. -Those logged as suppliers can see the active procurements and make their offer for the products they are interested in. - The administrators assess the offers through their page for the inactive procurements and choose the winners - suppliers for each product. In addition they can proclaim new competitions and add new products and see the active competitions. Our tools: notepad + +, notepad, Firefox, languages HTML, PHP and JAVASCRIPT and the WAMP application (MySQL through this app and also we set up easily and quickly our virtual server-APACHE).

The use of framework agreements in public procurement Framework agreements in public procurement are a special type of public contracts facilitating the process of the award of supplies, services or works. The main purpose of this master thesis is to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of framework agreements in the field of public procurement. The master thesis is based on the current provision of the Act No. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Procurements and is divided into five chapters. Chapter one deals with the adaptation of framework agreements in the legislation both in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and as well with the development of this legislation. Chapter two focuses on the basic principles and concepts of the Act No. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Procurements which are relevant for the topic of this master thesis. The first part of this chapter defines the basic principles contained in the Act and the in the legislation of the European Union. The second part of this chapter then presents basic information about the most important institutes of the Act. The third chapter deals with the first phase of the awarding of public contracts with the use of the framework agreement, thus concluding the framework agreement and also in the conduct of the procurement procedure....

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία ασχολείται με την κατασκευή ενός διαδικτυακού τόπου, στον οποίο εμπεριέχονται πολλές λειτουργίες των ηλεκτρονικών προμηθειών και του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου. Στον ιστότοπο αυτό, κατασκεύαστηκε ένα ηλεκτρονικό κατάστημα στο οποίο οι χρήστες - πελάτες μπορούν να πραγματοποιούν αγορές διαφόρων προϊόντων ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών και περιφερειακών συσκευών. Πέρα απο αυτή τη λειτουργία, το κατάστημά μας μέσω του διαχειριστή της ιστοσελίδας μας, μπορεί να προκηρύσει online διαγωνισμούς για την προμήθεια των προϊόντων του και σε αυτούς μπορούν να λαμβάνουν μέρος εταιρίες που καλύπτουν τις απαιτήσεις, που καθορίζονται εκ των προτέρων από τη διοίκηση της εταιρίας μας. Επίσης ο διαχειριστής της σελίδας μας, που είναι μοναδικός κάθε φορά, έχει τη δυνατότητα να προσθέτει νέα προϊόντα, καθώς επίσης και να ελέγχει τη βάση δεδομένων λαμβάνοντας κάποια μηνύματα από αυτή σε περίπτωση επικίνδυνης μείωσης των αποθεμάτων της. Σε αυτή τη περίπτωση διενέργει κάποιον διαγωνισμό και αφού η κάθε εταιρία – προμηθευτής καταθέσει την προσφορά της, μέσα στα χρονικά όρια που ορίζονται, ο διαχειριστής με τη βοήθεια του προγράμματός μας, μπορεί να αξιολογεί και επιλέγει την καλύτερη από αυτές τις προσφορές. Όλα τα παραπάνω καταφέραμε να τα δημιουργήσουμε εξ ολοκλήρου με την γλώσσα προγραμματισμού PHP και φυσικά με τη χρήση της HTML. Επίσης για τη δημιουργία της απαιτούμενης βάσης δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήσαμε το σχεσιακό σύστημα διαχείρισης βάσεων δεδομένων της MySQL και την πλατφόρμα phpMyAdmin. Εκτός του καθαρά προγραμματιστικού κομματιού που περιέχεται στην εργασία αυτή, γίνεται και μια θεωρητική εισαγωγή στο ηλεκτρονικό εμπορίο και σε ότι αυτό επηρεάζει την καθημερινότητά μας, όπως και στις ηλεκτρονικές προμήθειες. Επίσης γίνεται και μία μικρή παρουσίαση των PHP, HTML και MySQL, προκειμένου ο κώδικάς μας να γίνει κατανοητός σε οποιονδήποτε αναγνώστη. / In this assignment, we deal with the building of a website, in which someone can come up against many functions of electronic procurements and electronic commerce. We made an electronic shop, in which users - clients can buy everything they need for computers and electronic devices online. Besides that operation, the administrator of the shop, who is the only one who manages the website, can place online procurements on behalf of the company, in order to gather several offers about the products it sells, from different suppliers. In those procurements every supply company can participate, as long as they cover the initial requirments that our company has placed in the first place. Furthermore, the admnistrator can upload and edit new products to the shop’s database and it can also receive from the database several messages about the condition of the stock, which is very helpful and operational for the quality of the service. In case of a low stock of several products, the database informs the admnistrator to place a procurement. When the procurement goes online, the companies – suppliers can place their offer on one or more of the products that they have been enlisted for, but they have to do so only if the deadlines are not over yet. Right after the end of a particular procurement, the administrator with the help of the program evaluates the offers and chooses the best one, according to the criteria we placed before. In our case the only criterion is the lowest price. We managed to accomplish all those functions only by using the PHP program language and of course with the help of HTML. For our database we use the MySQL RDBMS ( Relational database management system ) and the phpMyAdmin platform. Also in this assignment, we made an introduction to the fundamentals of e-commerce and e-procurements and we tried to figure out how effective they are in our dailly life. We have done a presentation, as well, in PHP, HTML and MySQL in order someone who is not that familiar with those programming languages would be in a position to understand our code.

The object of my diploma thesis was to compare an architectural background in Czech republic and Croatia. And to define conditions for the architectural work and the process of acquiring private and public procurements in both countries. And on the basis of this information to define whether Czech architects should focus their attention on the Croatian market. The diploma thesis is divided into two chapters: theoretical and practical. The teoretical part provides the summary information about the architectural background and the way of acquiring public and private procurements by architectural studios in the Czech republic and Croatia. On the basis of these information are analysed and defined possible opportunities for Czech architectural studios on the Croatian market.

7 Abstract Criminal liability of legal persons in the context of public procurements The presented thesis deals with criminal liability of legal persons who take part in procedure of public procurement. Thesis operates with Act No. 134/2016 Coll., Public Procurement Procedure Act (hereinafter also referred to as "PPP") taking in regard the former legislation Act No. 137/2006 Coll., Public Procurement Act. In context of future changes, it is dealt with Act No. 418/2011 Coll., Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and Proceedings against Them (hereinafter also as "TOPO"), whereas attention is focused on amendment of TOPO, which is the Act No. 183/2016 Sb., effective from 1st December of 2016. The Introductory chapter deals with public procurements and offers a brief insight into this subject matter. It defines the term of Public Procurement, specifies the term of contracting authority and gives a general overview of the procedure along with applicable principles. By the end the chapter summarizes some of the most significant changes brought by the new Act on PPP. The second chapter looks into some of the aspects of criminal liability of legal persons related to public procurements, which involves specific sanctions for legal persons from participation in public procurement procedure or sanction of...

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / In this work, letâs apply auction theory to solve a parsimonious procurement model in a situation where there is a contracting firm by the Government. Itâs a natural extension of the bidimensional auction model proposed by Yeon-Koo Che (1993) to model actions of the Department of Defense (DoD) in United States. The extension will be made based in a secret reservation price model proposed by Laffont et at. (1994) to unidimensional case. At end, we will make a short numerical analysis of the model proposed in this work. / Neste trabalho, vamos aplicar a teoria dos leilÃes para resolver um modelo parcimonioso de uma licitaÃÃo pÃblica em uma situaÃÃo em que hà a contrataÃÃo de uma firma pelo Governo. Trata-se de uma extensÃo natural do modelo de leilÃo bidimensional proposto por Yeon-Koo Che (1993) para modelar leilÃes do Departamento de Defesa dos Estados Unidos. A extensÃo serà feita baseada em um modelo de preÃo reserva secreto proposto por Laffont et al. (1994) para o caso unidimensional. Por fim, faremos uma breve anÃlise numÃrica do modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho.

This study aims to explore how the formulation and representation of requirements affect the quality of public procurements in Sweden. The study was conducted at Trafikverket, the Swedish transport administration, which plans and sustains infrastructure in Sweden, mainly roads and railroads. Requirements engineering theory, project management principles and the Swedish law of public procurements (LOU) has been used in combination with a series of interviews with experienced individuals in public procurement to draw further analysis. The study indicates that the quality of public procurements is negatively affected by requirement categories which are difficult to quantify, in practice making price the most utilised supplier evaluation tool by public procurers. Furthermore, procurements of complex projects require more extensive utilisation of tendering methods which facilitate communication between the supplier and the procuring entity, in order to constructively develop an accurate requirement specification. Such methods exist in the frame of LOU but are currently underutilised. In order to learn and sustain knowledge of new procedures, public organisations need to invest resources into recruiting and sustaining these types of skills.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the evaluation of public contracts according to economic benefits according to the Building Act No. 134/2016 Coll., On the award of public contracts. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts in the field of public procurement. The practical part deals with case studies related to the evaluation and description of evaluation criteria of public contracts awarded by the Desin&Build method.

<p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet är att beskriva och analysera hur en yrkesgrupp påverkas av förändrade kompetenskrav och upprepade verksamhetsövertaganden.</p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> Vi har gjort en kvalitativ fallstudie av ambulanssjukvården i Östergötland, en del av sjukvården som är offentligt finansierad men som drivs av en privat entreprenör. Såväl primär- som sekundärdata har använts.</p><p><strong>Teoretiska perspektiv: </strong>Teoriavsnittet innefattar offentlig sektors omvandling, kompetens, förändring, stress, yrkesroll och yrkesidentitet.</p><p><strong>Empiri: </strong>Primärdata har inhämtats från tre intervjuer med personer som har god kontakt med den specifika verksamheten och de anställda. Sekundärdata har inhämtats från tryckt litteratur och ett antal elektroniskt publicerade artiklar.</p><p><strong>Slutsats: </strong>Ambulanssjukvården har de senaste decennierna genomgått vissa förändringar. Verksamheten har privatiserats, blivit mer tekniskt avancerad och dessutom har Socialstyrelsen höjt kompetenskraven för de anställda. De ökade kompetenskraven har lett till en ökad fokusering på formell utbildning, och försök till att stärka yrkesidentiteten och strävan efter professionalisering.</p> / <p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim is to describe and analyze how a group of professionals is affected by changed skill requirements and repeated business takeovers.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We have made a qualitative case study of the ambulance operations in Östergötland, a part of the health care that is publicly funded but run by a private operator. Both primary and secondary data have been used.</p><p><strong>Theoretical perspectives:</strong> The theoretical perspective includes the transformation of the public sector, competence, change, stress, professional role and professional identity.</p><p><strong>Empirical foundation:</strong> Primary data has been collected from three interviews with people who are connected to the specific operations and the employees in some way. Secondary data has been collected from literature and electronically published articles.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The Ambulance operations have gone thru some changes the last decades. The operations has been privatized, has become more technologically advanced and there has been an increase in the skill requirements for employees. These increased requirements have led to a greater focus on formal education, and attempts to strengthen the professional identity and a strive for professionalism.</p>