Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och analysera hur en yrkesgrupp påverkas av förändrade kompetenskrav och upprepade verksamhetsövertaganden. Metod: Vi har gjort en kvalitativ fallstudie av ambulanssjukvården i Östergötland, en del av sjukvården som är offentligt finansierad men som drivs av en privat entreprenör. Såväl primär- som sekundärdata har använts. Teoretiska perspektiv: Teoriavsnittet innefattar offentlig sektors omvandling, kompetens, förändring, stress, yrkesroll och yrkesidentitet. Empiri: Primärdata har inhämtats från tre intervjuer med personer som har god kontakt med den specifika verksamheten och de anställda. Sekundärdata har inhämtats från tryckt litteratur och ett antal elektroniskt publicerade artiklar. Slutsats: Ambulanssjukvården har de senaste decennierna genomgått vissa förändringar. Verksamheten har privatiserats, blivit mer tekniskt avancerad och dessutom har Socialstyrelsen höjt kompetenskraven för de anställda. De ökade kompetenskraven har lett till en ökad fokusering på formell utbildning, och försök till att stärka yrkesidentiteten och strävan efter professionalisering. / Aim: The aim is to describe and analyze how a group of professionals is affected by changed skill requirements and repeated business takeovers. Methodology: We have made a qualitative case study of the ambulance operations in Östergötland, a part of the health care that is publicly funded but run by a private operator. Both primary and secondary data have been used. Theoretical perspectives: The theoretical perspective includes the transformation of the public sector, competence, change, stress, professional role and professional identity. Empirical foundation: Primary data has been collected from three interviews with people who are connected to the specific operations and the employees in some way. Secondary data has been collected from literature and electronically published articles. Result: The Ambulance operations have gone thru some changes the last decades. The operations has been privatized, has become more technologically advanced and there has been an increase in the skill requirements for employees. These increased requirements have led to a greater focus on formal education, and attempts to strengthen the professional identity and a strive for professionalism.

Submitted by Lucas Ferreira Matos Lima (ferreiroxlima@gmail.com) on 2018-06-21T18:41:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lucas_Lima.pdf: 1109952 bytes, checksum: 4645ddffe53070ec97127022ae30d850 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-25T13:48:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lucas_Lima.pdf: 1109952 bytes, checksum: 4645ddffe53070ec97127022ae30d850 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-25T16:51:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lucas_Lima.pdf: 1109952 bytes, checksum: 4645ddffe53070ec97127022ae30d850 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T16:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Lucas_Lima.pdf: 1109952 bytes, checksum: 4645ddffe53070ec97127022ae30d850 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / This thesis study the damages a cartel can generate on public procurements. Specifically, we study collusion on a lowest price English auction with endogeneous entry. We show that assuming endogeneous entry with a collusive behavior can generate two important outcomes on auctions: (i) alocative inefficiency and (ii) the prices of auctions lost by the cartel can be affected. So this work contributes with the recent discussion antitrust authorities are having on the relevance of calculating cartel damages. We also study a medicine cartel case that operated in Sao Paulo public procurements and use reduced form models to find evidence of it’s presence. Lastly, we use equilibrium conditions from our model to create counterfactual scenarios of the medicine cartel case. Doing simulations, we find the cartel generated an overcharge of 10%, but did not created alocative inefficiency. / Essa tese estuda os possíveis danos que um conluio pode causar em licitações do governo. Especificamente focamos em um ambiente de leilão Inglês de menor preço com entrada endógena dos participantes. Nós mostramos que ao adotarmos as hipóteses de endogeneidade da entrada dos participantes em conjunto com a estratégia de conluio do cartel, dois possíveis danos podem ser causados: (i) ineficiência alocativa e (ii) os preços de leilões em que o cartel perdeu serem afetados. Esse trabalho contribui com a recente discussão que agências antitrustes estão tendo sobre a importância de quantificar os danos de um cartel. O trabalho também estuda um caso de cartel em licitações públicas de remédios no estado de São Paulo e utiliza modelos de forma reduzida para identificar a presença do conluio. Por fim, fazemos simulações usando as estratégias de equilíbrio derivadas do modelo teórico para construir contrafactuais das licitações mencionadas anteriormente. Neste caso encontramos um sobrepreço causado pelo cartel de 10%, mas não encontramos um aumento da ineficiência alocativa.

Master thesis deals with the transparency in decision-making process and with the openness to citizens in local politics. It focuses on the policy of municipal councils, with the emphasis on Municipal district Prague 10 during the election period 2010 -- 2014. Main objective is the analysis, description and evaluation of the transparency of decisions-making process in Prague 10. The theoretical part of the thesis is dealing with definitions of terms: municipalities, Prague, the capital, its districts and decision-making process. The stress is given to the question of the level of transparency and on the openness of town halls to their citizens. In the practical part, the thesis analyzes the concrete decision-making processes in Prague 10 related to an analysis of the Council's statement about the anti-corruption strategy. In the end, it analyzes the decisions-making process about the procurements in Municipal district Prague 10 namely to the analysis of procurements "Revitalization of Malešice Park".

Sweden is suffering from a large housing shortage due to urban population growth and low levels of new construction. Public housing companies play a major role on the market with their 46 percent share of the rental market. The production of rental apartments is especially problematic since profitability is limited. The low levels of new supply could be explained by high construction costs since they have reached levels that now inhibit the building of new rental apartments. One approach to increasing the supply of rental apartments on the Swedish housing market is by introducing framework procurements for turnkey ready multi-family housing. The effect of such framework procurement is researched, analyzed and put in relation to theories in the field of real estate economics, urban spatial theory, industrialized housing construction and competition. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the field of research and increase the knowledge of supply side factors on the housing market. To fulfill the purpose of this thesis, analysis has been conducted with a mixed method approach, using a survey and interviews to reach all the public housing companies that have used the framework procurement Kombohus Bas. The case was chosen because it is a framework procurement for turnkey ready multi-family housing. Kombohus Bas has been developed by the Swedish Association of Public Housing Companies in order to try to help the public housing companies increase the supply of rental apartments. Research results show that the framework procurement Kombohus Bas has increased the number of rental apartments on the Swedish housing market, most importantly because it has lowered the production costs, as well as simplified and shortened the process of building housing. Thus, the use of framework procurements for turnkey ready multi-family housing could reduce the housing shortage. / Det råder en stor bostadsbrist i Sverige idag vilken framförallt beror på en ökande befolkning och låga nivåer av nyproduktion. De allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen är stora aktörer inom bostadssegmentet med en andel om 46 procent av hyresmarknaden. Produktionen av hyresrätter är speciellt problematisk eftersom lönsamheten är begränsad. De låga nivåerna av nytt utbud kan till viss del förklaras av höga produktionskostnader eftersom dessa har nått nivåer som nu hämmar nyproduktionen av hyresrätter. Den här forskningsrapporten analyserar möjligheten att öka utbudet av hyresrätter på den svenska bostadsmarknaden genom att introducera ramavtalsupphandlingar för nyckelfärdiga flerfamiljshus. Effekten av sådana ramavtalsupphandlingar analyseras i denna studie och sätts i relation till teori inom fastighetsmarknaden, stadsbyggnadsekonomi, industrialiserat byggande och konkurrens. För att uppfylla målet med studien har ett case kallat Kombohus Bas studerats. Kombohus Bas valdes ut på grund av att det är en prispressad ramavtalsupphandling för nyckelfärdiga flerfamiljshus. Ramavtalsupphandlingen har tagits fram av Svenska Allmännyttans Bransch Organisation, SABO, med syfte att försöka underlätta för de allmännyttiga bostadsbolagen till att öka utbudet av hyresrätter på marknaden. Syftet med studien är att bidra till befintlig forskning och öka kunskaperna kring de faktorer som påverkar utbudssidan av bostadsmarknaden. Forskningen har utförts genom att använda en blandad metodik där både en enkät och intervjuer har genomförts med syfte att nå alla allmännyttiga bostadsbolag som använt ramavtalsupphandlingen Kombohus Bas. Resultatet från studien visar att ramavtalsupphandlingen Kombohus Bas har ökat utbudet av hyresrätter på den svenska bostadsmarknaden, främst genom att sänka byggkostnaderna samt genom att förenkla och förkorta byggprocessen. Detta resultat indikerar att bostadsbristen kan minskas genom att använda ramavtalsupphandlingar för nyckelfärdiga flerfamiljshus.

Sedan 2021 regleras medicintekniska produkter inom EU av förordningen MDR (EU 2017/745). Det primära syftet med regelverket är att säkerställa ändamålsenliga produkter med hög säkerhet. Det nya regelverket ställer högre krav på företag som tillverkar medicintekniska produkter samt andra aktörer inom den medicintekniska industrin. De mer omfattande kraven innebär att det blir mer utmanande att uppfylla samtliga kriterier som krävs för att kunna lansera medicintekniska produkter på unionsmarknaden. Detta examensarbete har undersökt hur företag som tillverkar specifika medicintekniska produkter som rullstolar och personlyftar upplever förutsättningarna för att nå marknaden. För att undersöka tidigare studier kring ämnet har en litteraturstudie genomförts och sedan utformades intervjufrågor med hjälp av samtliga handledare. Frågorna besvarades av företag som tillverkar rullstolar eller personlyftar. Som komplement till de semistrukturerade intervjuerna har upphandlingar undersökts med syfte att kartlägga vilka standarder som refereras till som skall-krav vid inköp av rullstolar och personlyftar. Resultatet visar att de ökade kraven påverkar större medicintekniska företag, men att mindre företag påverkas i högre utsträckning enligt intervjuobjekten. Dessutom noteras att standarder nämns mindre frekvent i upphandlingar än vad de intervjuade personerna hävdar. Slutligen anser intervjuobjekten att det är värdefullt att följa standarder vid utveckling och marknadsföring av personlyftar och rullstolar. / Since 2021, the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) has regulated medical devices within the EU (EU2017/745). The regulation’s primary purpose is to ensure fit-for-purpose products with high safety standards. The new regulatory framework imposes strict requirements on companies manufacturing medical devices and other actors within the medical device industry. The more extensive requirements make meeting all the criteria necessary for launching medical devices on the European Union market more challenging. This thesis has examined how companies that manufacture medical devices, especially wheelchairs and patient lifts, perceive the conditions for reaching the market. A literature review was conducted to examine previous studies on the subject. Then, interview questions were formulated with the assistance of supervisors to participate by companies manufacturing wheelchairs or patient lifts. Procurements were examined to complement the semi-structured interviews and map out which standards are mandatory requirements in procuring wheelchairs and patient lifts. The results indicate that the increased requirements affect larger medical device companies, but the interviewees say smaller companies are more affected.  Additionally, standards are mentioned less frequently in procurements than what the interviewed individuals claim. Finally, the semi-structured interviews revealed that the interviewees consider it valuable to adhere to standards in developing and marketing wheelchairs and patient lifts.

Submitted by thiago souza cruz amaral (thiagoscamaral@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-15T17:58:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Thiago Amaral_Versão FINAL (ENTREGUE).pdf: 1827167 bytes, checksum: ccb6a7cdf39460899d9a8a6c84eaf5e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-01-19T12:44:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Thiago Amaral_Versão FINAL (ENTREGUE).pdf: 1827167 bytes, checksum: ccb6a7cdf39460899d9a8a6c84eaf5e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-01-21T18:08:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Thiago Amaral_Versão FINAL (ENTREGUE).pdf: 1827167 bytes, checksum: ccb6a7cdf39460899d9a8a6c84eaf5e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-21T18:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Thiago Amaral_Versão FINAL (ENTREGUE).pdf: 1827167 bytes, checksum: ccb6a7cdf39460899d9a8a6c84eaf5e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / This study aims to analyze the interplay between contractual and relational governance mechanisms in buyer-supplier relationships and their impact on complex projects outcomes. Governance of inter-organizational relationships and its strategic importance for firms' performance and to achieve competitive advantages have been the subject of many recent studies in the strategy field, as well as in related areas. More specifically, the importance of such relationships in management literature has been increasing, mainly in contexts involving emerging economies. The literature shows a convergence about two main types of governance in inter-organizational relationships: the contractual governance, related to contracts and rules formally established between firms to generally safeguard against opportunistic behavior, and relational governance, which is based mainly on trust and relational norms to coordinate such relationships. Although many studies have investigated contractual and relational governance in inter-organizational relationships, there is no consensus in the literature about the nature of their interplay. This study aims to investigate the interplay of governance mechanisms through a case study about a complex procurement project in the Brazilian offshore oil and gas industry, involving innovative technology. The findings suggest that contractual and relational governance mechanisms play important roles in the buyer-supplier relationships and their interaction impacts project outcomes, assessed in terms of time, cost and quality. Governance mechanisms play simultaneously and influence each other to a great extent. The case also demonstrates that accents on different mechanisms can change during the run of a project, depending on the context. Finally, it is concluded that project outcomes in the context studied can not be fully explained only by the interplay between governance mechanisms. These outcomes have to be contextualized, since many institutional environment factors act as moderators of the interplay between governances. / Este trabalho buscou investigar a interação entre os mecanismos de governança contratual e relacional na relação comprador-fornecedor e seus impactos sobre os resultados de projetos complexos. A governança dos relacionamentos interorganizacionais e sua importância estratégica para o desempenho das firmas e para a obtenção de vantagens competitivas têm sido tema de muitas pesquisas recentes na área de estratégia, bem como em áreas correlatas. Mais especificamente, é crescente a importância de tais relacionamentos na literatura de gestão, especialmente em contextos envolvendo economias emergentes. A literatura apresenta uma convergência acerca de dois tipos principais de governança nos relacionamentos interorganizacionais: a governança contratual, que se refere aos contratos e regras formalmente estabelecidas entre as firmas para geralmente coibir comportamentos oportunistas, e a governança relacional, que se baseia principalmente na confiança e em normas relacionais para coordenar tais relacionamentos. Embora diversos estudos tenham investigado a interação entre essas governanças, não há um consenso na literatura sobre a natureza dessa interação. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a interação dos mecanismos de governança contratual e relacional por meio de um estudo de caso sobre a implantação de um megaprojeto na indústria brasileira do petróleo offshore, envolvendo tecnologia inovadora. Os resultados indicam que os mecanismos de governança contratual e relacional desempenham importantes funções no relacionamento comprador-fornecedor e que a interação entre eles impacta os resultados do projeto em termos de prazo, custo e qualidade. Tais mecanismos atuam de forma simultânea e influenciam uns aos outros em grande medida. Percebe-se ainda que o nível de influência de cada um desses mecanismos varia ao longo do tempo, a depender do contexto. Por fim, conclui-se que os resultados do projeto, no contexto estudado, não podem ser plenamente explicados apenas pela interação entre esses mecanismos. Tais resultados precisam ser contextualizados, uma vez que diversos fatores do ambiente institucional atuam como moderadores da interação entre governanças.

Public spending of many states makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product of countries, which are the main consumers of the national economies. For this reason, the purchasing power is an opportunity to influence the market by promoting production and consumption of sustainable and friendly goods to the environment.In this sense, this article discusses the system of Sustainable Public Procurements as a way to promote Sustainable Consumption and Production patterns and, thus, reach sustainable development for a green economy. / El gasto público de muchos Estados contribuye de manera significativa en el Producto Bruto Interno de los países, siendo normalmente los principales consumidores de las economías nacionales; razón por la que dicho poder de adquisición constituye una oportunidad para influir en el mercado, fomentando la producción y el consumo de bienes sostenibles y amigables con el ambiente. En ese sentido, el artículo aborda el mecanismo de las Compras Públicas Sostenibles como una herramienta para promover patrones de Consumo y Producción Sostenibles y, consecuentemente, lograr el desarrollo sostenible en el marco del concepto de una economía verde.