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This thesis describes connections between gamification theory, motivation theory, and economic performance, while also covering how managers can motivate employees. Having motivated employees has a lot of benefits, for example positive effects on the companies' financial results. Employee motivation can have an impact on economic performance in an organisation through productivity, effectiveness, and profitability. Gamification, that is the use of game design elements in non-game contexts, is used by different organisations and in different contexts. The purpose of the study is to create a better understanding of the impact gamification can have on the motivation of employees in Swedish retail stores and what effects it in turn has on the companies' financial results. The focus will be on how store managers experience it. The thesis is intended to contribute with increased information and knowledge about what gamification is, how gamification can be used and what effects gamification can have on employee motivation and for companies' financial results. The theoretical framework and the empirical findings show that gamification has a positive impact on the motivation of retail employees. The increase in motivation may have a positive affect on employee effectiveness and productivity. Furthermore, increased employee effectiveness may increase the profitability of an organisation.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has historically collected retail meat prices from various supermarkets to use in its calculation of the Consumer Price Index. The Economic Research Service (ERS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is responsible for reporting retail meat prices, which it acquires from the BLS. The Mandatory Price Reporting legislation of 1999 mandated that the ERS develop and report a more extensive set of retail meat prices. The legislative initiative of 1999 came about due to the absence of prices for some species and classes of meat as well as the growing and pervasive belief that BLS price series were incorrect, inaccurate, or were at the very least not accounting for the large volume of meat sales at special and/or discounted prices. The main purpose of this thesis project was to identify some of the major data shortcomings of the current retail meat price series that should be addressed in the restructuring of a new price reporting system. A survey was administered to retail meat price users to establish which shortcomings in the historical retail meat price series they consider to be the most significant. The other aspect of this study was concerned with analyzing weekly retail scanner meat price data for five beef cuts to establish the impact of quantity-weighting on the mean and variance of the retail meat price series, as well as the own-price elasticity parameter. / Master of Science

Yes / Supermarkets, with vast product ranges and relatively low prices, are an established solution to problems of availability of healthy foodstuffs in areas of limited retail access. However, where they may indeed raise consumption of desirable goods they also open up new opportunities to buy less healthful items for less, a situation which potentially undermines their ability to improve diet. Using under-reported diary data from the Seacroft Intervention Study in the United Kingdom takes this paper beyond the extant fruit and vegetable focus, giving it scope to explore the full effect of supermarkets. Quantile regressions show existing behaviours are reinforced, and intervention stores may do little to improve diet. Switching to Tesco Seacroft is shown to increase the portions of unhealthy food consumed by almost 1 portion per day for the least healthy. Managing demand through promoting balanced diets and restricting offers on unhealthy items will be more effective than intervention, and is an essential accompaniment to new large format retailers if they are not to entrench dietary inequality further. Policymakers and practitioners alike should avoided being distracted by aggregate conclusions if food deserts are to be truly tackled.