Testing is a part of the software development life cycle (SDLC) which ensures the quality and efficiency of the software. It gives confident to the developers about the system by early detecting faults of the system. Therefore, it is considered as one of the most important part of the SDLC. Unfortunately, testing is often neglected by the developers mainly because of the time and cost of the testing process. Testing involves lots of manpower, specially for a large system, such as distributed system. On the other hand, it is more common to have bugs in a large system than a small centralized system and therefore there is no alternative of testing to find and fix the bugs. The situation gets worst if the developer follows one of the most powerful development process called continuous integration process. This is because developers need to write the test cases in each cycle of the continuous integration process which increase the development time drastically. As a result, testing often neglected for large systems. This is an alarming situation because distributed system is one of the most popular and widely accepted system in both industries and academia. Therefore, this is one of the highly pressured areas where lot of developers engaged to provide distributed software solutions. If these systems delivered to the users untested, there is a high possibility that we will end up with a lot of buggy systems every year. There are also a very few number of testing framework exist in the market for testing distributed system compared to the number of testing framework exists for traditional system. The main reason behind this is, testing a distributed system is far difficult and complex process compares to test a centralized system. Most common technique to test a centralized system is to test the middleware which might not be the case for distributed system. Unlike the traditional system, distributed system can be resides in multiple location of different corners of the world. Therefore, testing and verification of distributed systems are difficult. In addition to this, distributed systems have some basic properties such as fault tolerance, availability, concurrency, responsiveness, security, etc. which makes the testing process more complex and difficult. This research proposed a multi-agent based testing framework for distributed system where multiple agent communicate with each other and accomplish the whole testing process for a distributed system. The bullet proof idea of testing centralizes system has been reused partially to design the framework so that developers will be more comfortable to use the framework. The research also focused on the automation of testing process which will reduce the time and cost of the whole testing process and relief the developer from re-generating the same test cases over and over before each release of the application. This paper briefly described the architecture of the framework and communication process between multiple agents.

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This theses deals with the creation of the test exercises. Created ones are focused mainly on the geometric curriculum for the second grade of the primary school. The test exercises are exemplary solved here. This work also includes theoretical information for creation of test exercises. The final chapter pays attention to verification of these test exercises and the part of the exercise was verified by the pupils of the 9th class of the primary school.

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Orientador: David de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T12:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kassouf_Roberto_M.pdf: 4587745 bytes, checksum: 67d8f7ab10c6a6a1d4b0e8a2abdfa71e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O problema de tubulões carregados horizontalmente no topo é freqüente em obras de construção civil e normalmente estes esforços horizontais atuam concomitantemente aos esforços verticais e momentos fletores onde os casos mais freqüentes são as ações dos ventos, torres de transmissão e para energia eólica, obras de arte como pontes e viadutos, muros de arrimo com o empuxo do solo, escavações para subsolo e edificações prediais, havendo uma reduzida bibliografia sobre os parâmetros a serem adotados em projeto. Uma hipótese mais critica é a de tubulões carregados horizontalmente em solos de alta porosidade, não saturados e colapsíveis. Os objetivos desta dissertação são: (1) proporcionar subsídios para o projeto de fundações com carregamento horizontal para tubulões, chamando a atenção para o danoso efeito de uma inundação de um solo colapsível; (2) fornecer valores do coeficiente de reação horizontal (nh), para uma argila siltosa arenosa de alta porosidade, solo de diabásio, comum na região de Campinas, para condição natural de umidade e solo pré-inundado; (3) comparar os valores obtidos com valores de (nh) com os propostos na bibliografia. Para a analise deste problema foi executado um tubulão em maciço de solo de formação de magmáticos básicos, ocorrendo rochas intrusivas básicas (Diabásios) da Formação Serra Geral, que faz parte do Grupo São Bento, característica do Campo Experimental de Fundações da UNICAMP/Campinas, com mais dois tubulões alinhados, estes servindo de reação ao sistema, todos executados a céu aberto e com base alargada, onde foram inseridos no eixo do tubulão a ser analisado, tubos para utilização de inclinomêtro e strain gages. As análises basearam-se nos resultados obtidos nas curvas de cargas versus deslocamento horizontais resultantes no topo e em profundidade através da utilização do inclinômetro / Abstract: The problem of caissons loaded horizontally at the top is common in construction work and normally these horizontal forces act concurrently with the vertical forces and bending moments where the most frequent cases are the actions of the winds, in towers for electric transmission and for wind energy, works of art as bridges and viaducts, retaining walls, underground excavations for buildings and there is a small literature on the parameters to be adopted in the project. One hypothesis, the most critical, is of caissons loaded horizontally in soils of high porosity, unsaturated and collapsible. The objectives of this dissertation are: (1) provide grants for the design of foundations with horizontal loading for caissons, calling attention to the damaging effect of a flood of a collapsible soil, (2) provide values of the coefficient of horizontal reaction (nh) to a sandy silty clay of high porosity, diabase soil, common in the region of Campinas, in the natural moisture content condition and in the pre-inundated soil condition, (3) compare the values obtained with the value (nh) with those proposed in the literature. For the analysis of this problem was carried out an caisson in a soil constituted by magmatic basic intrusive rocks (diabases) of the Serra Geral Formation, which is part of the São Bento Group, characteristic of the Experimental Foundations of Campinas / Campinas, aligned with two other caissons, serving as a reaction to these system, all running in the open and broad based, which were inserted into the pipe to be analyzed on its axis tubes for use with strain gages and inclinometer. The analyzes were based on the results of the load versus displacement curves obtained in the caisson head and in caisson shaft in depth / Mestrado / Geotecnia / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.

In 1982, it was reported that one in every three students who fail at South African universities, do not pass because of experiences of excessive anxiety resulting from university examinations. A survey conducted amongst student counsellors and counselling services on all South African university campuses, revealed a deficiency of group and individual therapy for this phenomenon of examination anxiety. The cause of this deficiency, was found to be the already excessive demands made on the time of student counsellors. Noting a similar situation at Rhodes University, the present investigation was initiated, with the aim of developing an economical group counselling programme for test anxious students on Rhodes campus. Sixty-four Rhodes students (who identified themselves as test anxious) volunteered for this investigation. These Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatment programmes (each divided into two groups, where Group A, N=6 and Group B, N=7) and a wait-list control group (N=12). Three of the treatments featured multicomponent programmes, each offering a cluster of behavioural interventions centred around: Study Skills Training/Counselling; Systematic Desensitisation (Using individually-constructed anxiety hierarchies); Systematic Desensitisation (Using group-constructed anxiety hierarchies). Included in addition, was a single-component treatment, featuring cognitive modification: a component much favoured by local test anxiety counsellors. Given adverse reports concerning the efficacy of single component programmes, when contrasted with multi component treatments, the cognitive modification package was included as a placebo. A battery of measures was used to assess test anxiety and progress made by Subjects to assuage its debilitative effects . The measures included: (a) Six Self-report measures (including a treatment evaluation schedule and the maintenance of a diary of experience by each Subject); (b) Two measures of physiological reactivity, viz. pulse rate and finger sweat print; and (c) One 'observable' measure, that of academic performance. Using these measures, an assessment of the performance gains or losses by each of the Subjects, was made on three occasions: at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. In support of the a priori hypotheses, the systematic desensitisation and study skills multicomponent programmes, realised significant gains on all measures over both the placebo and control groups (with exception of the higher score achieved by placebo subjects over that of the study skills group, on the treatment evaluation schedule) . This finding confirmed the superiority of multicomponent programmes over those with only a single component. The systematic desensitisation programmes proved to be the most effective, as measured on self-report and physiological measures. The superiority of group-constructed anxiety hierarchies over those individually-constructed was established. Study skills training helped Subjects to realise and maintain gains on the academic performance measure, although it took many of these subjects six months, before they had fully incorporated the study techniques taught, in with their own study habits. In discussion of the findings, the evident need to match test anxious students to programmes which "best suit" their characteristics, is presented, and solutions proposed. Weaknesses evident in the measuring instruments and research design, are also highlighted for discussion. As part of this experimental investigation, a discussion on the nature of test anxiety and its links with anxiety theory is introduced, together with a review of problems in measuring test anxiety; popular behavioural treatments used to relieve test anxiety; and a survey of test anxiety counselling on South African campuses. Advice for the therapist/counsellor, the academic, and the researcher, are posited in conclusion.

M.Tech.