Fresh water has become more and more of a scarce commodity. Water scarcity isn't first and foremost a cause of drought and wasting, but a cause of inequality and mismanagement. This is not only a problem for developing countries, and there can also be variations within countries. The municipality of Gotland has a development program called Vision Gotland 2025, with goals for growth and sustainable development. The aim of this study is to examine whether the use and management of water resources on Gotland and Vision Gotland 2025 is conformed to the Water Framework Directive and the Ecosystem Approach in terms of sustainability. Focus is on the quantitative aspects of water supply. The study has mainly been done by studying publications from the authorities concerned. Although annual precipitation in general is enough to provide fresh water for the population, water shortage occurs in some areas during the summers. Three of the four main catchment areas on Gotland have unsatisfactory quantitative status, and is likely to have so also when the time limit of the next evaluation is due in 2015. Since both the population and tourism is presumed to increase, according to Vision Gotland 2025, the conclusion drawn is that the use of water resources is not sustainable, even though the management per se does conform to the ecosystem approach.

Abstract Taiwan is surrounded by the ocean with enriched marine eco-diversity and coastal terrains, making it a land of abundant fishery resources. Yet, after Taiwan was returned to ROC in 1945, the abuse of inshore fishery due to economical development resulted in overfishing. Under the development of industrialization, marine pollution and the use of destructive fishing gear have also caused a great damage to the ecological and biological diversities along the inshore to the drastic decrease in fisheries. Thus, how the government may find a balance between sustainability in fishery resources and economical development in local fishing communities is the major interest of this study. The present research conducts the work through the collection of annual fishing statistics and the questionnaire survey of local fishermen and government administrators. This study analyzes the changing trends of inshore fishery in Taiwan and investigates the effectiveness of current fishery regulations and the policy of fishing transformation along the inshore in Taiwan. The fisheries administration is currently adapting several fishery regulatory measures which include fishery licenses, replacement of boats and fishing vessels, and suspension of fishing activities / fishing moratorium for the management of fishery resources. Yet the fishery resources are still shrinking each year. It is obvious that those measures are ineffective on slowing down the speedy drop of fishery resources. The survey results showed that the effective administrative efforts should involve the regulation policy on fishing gears, fishing methods, fishing zones, and fishing seasons. A top-down fishery management system should be integrated with the bottom-up fishermen¡¦s autonomy, in order to establish a feasible coordination system between fishermen and the administration. In the long term, in addition to the management of some target fishes, it is important to integrate the fishery policy and management with the sustainable management of the living environment and ecosystem. These should include the assigning fishery preservation areas and the protection of the marine habitats to ensure biological diversity and to maintain the sustainable fishery resources. To reduce the fishing impact on fishery resources involving buy out the additional fishing boats, the government should actively help fishermen on their career reform. The government should also encourage the conversion of overcapacity fishing boats to the entertainment fishery. Yet through questionnaires and interviews, this study has found that most fishermen are reluctant to change their career owing to the lack of specialties and the high cost of boat remodeling. This study suggests that marine tourist vessels and whale-watching boats should be categorized as entertainment boats under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Communication. Yet, small fishing-entertainment boats are mainly for marine fishing, or watching traditional fishing / net caging operations, and tourist diving that all operate during the off-seasons. For this, the government should provide various fishing trainings, improve the harbor facilities for entertainment fishery, and cultivate all citizens¡¦ feelings of love for the ocean to promote the marine tour vacationing and the entertainment fishery. In the coastal 200 nautical miles exclusive fisheries zone, involving fishery habitat and reproduction ground, is the sovereign right control area of every coastal country. Thus, the government is entitled to decide the optimum fishery utilization independently as the basis of the fishery development for the food security, environment and resources conservation, and fishing community social stability. The present work concludes that government should plan and establish strategies for an effective management on the inshore fishery to ensure a sustainable fishery development.

A constructed wetland was built in southern Taiwan in 2007 for local stream water purification and ecosystem improvement. The inflow rate was approximately 1,350 m3/day. The wetland influents were mainly from the local streams containing secondary wastewater from hog farms located in the upper catchment of the wetland and drainage water from the farmlands. The influent water contained organic contaminants and nutrients, which needed to be removed. The mean measured hydraulic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, water depth, and total volume of wetland system were 0.1 m/day, 5.5 days, 0.7 m, and 7,800 m3, respectively. In this study, water, sediment, and plant samples were collected and analyzed quarterly for each wetland basin during the two-year investigation period. Results show that more than 77% of total coliforms (TC), 78% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 88% of total nitrogen (TN), and 96% of ammonia nitrogen were removed via the constructed wetland system. Thus, the wetland system has a significant effect on water quality improvement and is able to remove most of the pollutants from the local stream through natural attenuation mechanisms. Results from the ecological investigation show that more than 50 different plant species and 45 different animal species were observed in the wetland system although this wetland had been created for less than four years. Except for stream water quality improvement and rehabilitating the natural ecosystem, this wetland also offered more water assessable eco-ponds and eco-gardens for public. This constructed wetland has become one of the most successful multi-function constructed wetlands in Taiwan.

Abstract This study is based on the ecosystem theory exploring the interpersonal relationship of so-called New Female Immigrants¡¦ offspring. The researcher used qualitative ways as the main research approach for the study, generating information. through literature analysis, sociometric method and interviews. The findings and results of the study as follows: 1. The ecosystem provides a full and complete view of the issue, the relationships among microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem are deeply connected to and thus affecting one another. 2. From the microsystem¡¦s point of view, mothers¡¦ and teachers¡¦ attitude has had a great impact on the interpersonal relationships of their offspring. 3. Looking at things from the mesosystem¡¦s perspective, parents and teachers rarely communicate with each other. And due to limitation in language expression, the new female immigrants from the southeastern Asia could not rely on the homework diary as the major source of teacher¡¦s ideas information from, which is the most important communication tool between teachers and parents. Therefore, difficulties in language made it harder for the parents to participate in children¡¦s school lives, and affecting the quality of parent and children interaction. 4. As for exosystem considered, the findings concerning the aspects of ¡§school administration¡¨, ¡§curriculum and instruction¡¨, and ¡§policy¡¨, show that educators and policy makers had been lacking of multicultural thinking, and thus leading to a situation where community resources aren¡¦t efficiently used. 5. Macrosystem implies the existence of ethnocentrism thinking. Discrimination and prejudice from the public did influence the interpersonal relationship and adaptability of new female immigrants and their children. According to the above findings, some suggestions were proposed by the researcher for future measures in education and counseling. Key Words: ecosystem theory, Children of the New Female Immigrants, interpersonal relationship ,case study

Impacts of climatic changes on in-land waters of Turkey is a topic that has not been sufficiently investigated yet. In this study, some exploratory work have been performed to form the core of further studies on the subject. EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis has been applied to SLP (Sea Level Pressure) field with a wide coverage (20-70N, 50W-70E). The dominant sources of variability in this atmospheric system have been shown to be driven by 3 circulation indices, NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), EAWR (East Atlantic - West Russia) and EA (East Atlantic) patterns. Linkages between this atmospheric system and the hydro-meteorological properties (data compiled from governmental organizations) of major Turkish lake ecosystems has been investigated with use of ordinary correlation analysis and CCA (Canonical Correlation Analysis). The results revealed the heavy forcing of large scale SLP field on regional temperature and E--P (evaporation minus precipitation) fields. The 15-year data set of Lake Mogan, as the longest available found, was used to exemplify the approaches and methodologies that can be employed for understanding the influence of climate variability on biological properties of lakes. It was suggested that temperature and salinity, being effective on phytoplankton and zooplankton groups, mediate the climatic impacts in Lake Mogan.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2001. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-220). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-50).

Thesis (M.S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. / Matthew J. Realff, Committee Member ; Farrokh Mistree, Committee Member ; Berdinus A. Bras, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-195).

This study’s main purpose is to explore what young individuals need/require when becoming entrepreneurs. To do that, the views and perspectives of students, senior entrepreneurs and incubators were analyzed. This study’s main contribution is to the knowledge and understanding of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education. Furthermore, this study has a practical application in the form of a suggestion on how to improve this study’s empirical case: a new project designed by the pre-incubator office Drivhuset Uppsala. Methodologically, a qualitative research study with interviews as its main technique indicates this study’s main findings and conclusions. What young individuals need/require in order to become entrepreneurs is; putting the theories they are learning or have learned into action, learning through entrepreneurship in the form of learning-by-doing and feeling the support in creating values from the entrepreneurial environment; called ‘the entrepreneurial ecosystem’ by one of this study’s actors. Theories indicate the importance of incubators participating in entrepreneurial education in different forms. UU incubators are, by the actors of this study, not perceived to do that. These conclusions proved to be complicated and are recommended as important topics for further research. This study focuses on Uppsala and incubators connected to UU. The empirical material was analyzed with the Venture Creation in learning-by- doing and Effectuation theories, and the findings indicate that Drivhuset Uppsala should focus on venture creation programs in designing their new project.

Headwaters, which are the most common stream order in the landscape, are mostly dependent on energy produced in the terrestrial system, largely consisting of leaf litter from riparian vegetation. The aim of this study was to investigate the decomposition in headwaters of leaf litter from three native (alder, birch, spruce) and one non-native (lodgepole pine) species and how decomposition responds to changes in the environment. Further, microbial and shredder influences on leaf-litter decomposition and aquatic decomposer ability to adapt to non-native species was investigated. By using field-data from this study, calculations were made to assess if microbes and shredders are resource limited. Litterbags were placed in 20 headwater streams in northern Sweden that varied in water chemistry, stream physical characteristics and riparian vegetation. The results revealed that species litter decomposition of different plant species was affected differently by changes in environmental variables. Alder and birch decomposition were positively associated, whereas lodgepole pine deviated from the other species in decomposition and its relationship with important environmental variables, indicating that the ability of the boreal aquatic systems to decompose litter differs between introduced and native species. When including macroinvertebrates, shredder fragmentation generally increased decomposition, but was not significant for all sites. Resource availability for microbes and shredders was controlled by litter input, and no risk of resource limitations was evident during the study period. These findings highlight a complexity of the decomposition process that needs to be considered when predicting changes due to human activities.