<p>Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and animal pathogen that causes a wide range of infections. These infections can be very serious and sometimes hard to get rid of, because of the many virulence factors the bacteria produce during infections.</p><p>This project was a research of the extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein, Efb, which is a 15.9 kDa protein that has been shown to be an important virulence factor during S. aureus infections.</p><p>The purpose with the project was to find out if the protein has more than one binding site to fibrinogen and if people produce antibodies against Efb.</p><p>This was performed with methods such as affinity chromatography, ELISA, coagulation test and western blot. It was shown that Efb has two binding sites to fibrinogen. One is placed on the C-terminal part of Efb and the other on the N-terminal. It was also shown that the production of antibodies against Efb rises significantly in people during an ongoing infection.</p>

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and animal pathogen that causes a wide range of infections. These infections can be very serious and sometimes hard to get rid of, because of the many virulence factors the bacteria produce during infections. This project was a research of the extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein, Efb, which is a 15.9 kDa protein that has been shown to be an important virulence factor during S. aureus infections. The purpose with the project was to find out if the protein has more than one binding site to fibrinogen and if people produce antibodies against Efb. This was performed with methods such as affinity chromatography, ELISA, coagulation test and western blot. It was shown that Efb has two binding sites to fibrinogen. One is placed on the C-terminal part of Efb and the other on the N-terminal. It was also shown that the production of antibodies against Efb rises significantly in people during an ongoing infection.

Tato diplomová práce popisuje standardy, typy a použití leteckého systému Electronic Flight Bag. Dále se zabývá návrhem a implementací aplikace pro tablety s operačním systémem Android. Tato aplikace vychází z evropských směrnic pro piloty všeobecného letectví. Mezi hlavní vlastnosti vytvořené aplikace patří letový manuál, prohlížeč letových publikací a dokumentů, letová navigace zaměřena na uživatele, kalkulace hmotnosti a těžiště, a další interaktivní výpočty.

Syftet med arbetet är att designa ett elektrolytflödesbatteri som möter kraven att den perforerade laddningsuppsamlaren i batteriet ska ska ha en resistans väl under 3 ohm samt ha god kontakt med kompositelektroden gjord av ett aktivt elektrodmaterial belagt på kolfiltsubstrat utan att påverka elektrolytens flödesmöjligheter. Det finns också krav på att cellen ska vara tät, tåla en syrakoncentration på 3,3 M (H_2SO_4) samt att flödet skapat av en pump ska ske vinkelrätt mot kompositelektroden och laddningsuppsamlaren. Först skapades en design som inte gav utrymme till mer elektrolyt än vad som fick plats i kompositelektrodens porer och hade kontakter som var en del av laddningsuppsamlaren. Den slutliga designen är utformad så att det finns utrymme för mer elektrolyt och kontakter i som är skilda från laddningsuppsamlarna för att möjliggöra lättare rengöring av cellen vid behov. Behållaren är förslagsvis gjord i Teflon då det är ett material som tål kemisk påverkan och är omformbart, men om konstruktionen sker genom uppvärmning så är PEEK ett bättre alternativ. Laddningsuppsamlaren föreslås vara gjord i grafit, men kan också tillverkas av rostfritt stål vilket är det material som fördelaktigt används till kontakterna.

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Internet som är något som de flesta använder sig av, blir allt mer populärt att kombinera internetanvändning när det gäller att betala räkningar. Elektronisk faktura är ett sätt att presentera faktura elektroniskt. Syftet med detta projekt har varit att skapa en fuskbank som kan interagera med e-fakturaflöden och motsvara en certifierad teknisk distributör samt presentatörsbank. Fuskbanken tar emot filer av filformatet EFB som bland annat innehåller betalrader med tillhörande länkar till fakturaspecifikation. EFB-filen innehåller information som visas i en internetbank för en privatpersons e-faktura. Fuskbanken ska kunna skapa två filer av filformatet EFBR och EFA. EFBR är en återredovisningsfil för EFB, och EFA används till avanmälning av e-faktura. Fuskbankens uppgift är att parsa en EFB-fil för att sedan sätta in den i en databas. Därefter ska en parsad fil visas i ett webbgränssnitt. Utifrån ett webbgränssnitt ska det vara möjligt att skapa EFBR- och EFA-filer. Vid skapandet av fuskbanken användes Java 6 som programmeringsspråk och en applikationsserver vid namn JBoss application server 7. MySQL användes för databas och för webbgränssnitt användes Primefaces. Resultatet är en fuskbank som kan interagera med e-fakturaflöden och visa var i en parsad EFB-fil ett formatfel uppstod. Av de mätningar som gjorts framkommer det att tiden det tar att parsa en EFB-fil är skäligt. Fuskbanken kommer endast användas i testmiljö varför den information som sätts in i en databas reflekterar inte riktiga efakturakunders fakturor.

The application of crop residues is one of the most common agricultural practices used to maintain soil ecosystems and crop productivity. This thesis focuses on the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agroecosystem, an important tropical crop that has expanded rapidly over the past four decades. Both land conversion and business-as-usual practices within the plantations have contributed to soil degradation. The application of oil palm residues, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) and oil palm fronds, are thought to have positive effects on the soil ecosystem; yet there is currently a deficit of knowledge on their effectiveness. This thesis aims to examine the effects of oil palm residue application on soil physicochemical properties, soil biota, and ecosystem functions. It reports the results of extensive field trials, sample collection, and statistical analysis of crop residue applications in oil palm plantations in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. Four key results emerged from the thesis. First, in this study site land conversion from secondary forest to oil palm does not affect litter decomposition rate, but positively influences soil fauna activity. Second, there is greater soil fauna activity following EFB application than oil palm fronds or chemical fertilizers, and the fauna activity is highly associated with changes in soil chemical properties and soil moisture conditions. Third, EFB application enhances soil ecosystem functions, through the direct provision of organic matter, and by influencing soil biota. Finally, over 15 years of application, EFB appears to be effective in maintaining or increasing annual crop yield in comparison to chemical fertiliser treatment. Temporal changes in crop yield under EFB application appear to be associated with climatic conditions and soil organic carbon. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the potential of oil palm residue applications to increase soil quality, soil biota, and ecosystem functions. They also provide useful information for a wider audience of soil ecologists, agricultural managers, and policy makers to improve sustainable management of the oil palm ecosystem.

This thesis deals with the EFB systems, its standards, types and modes of operation. It describes the design and implementation of an Apple iPad application, intended to be used as an EFB by the Czech general aviation pilots. The real utilization of such application allows for simplification of the preflight check and safe execution of flight while removing the usual load of paper documents from the cockpit. This is achieved through a SW im- plementation of operationally attractive functions. It could be for example: searching in regulations and pilot's handbooks, acquisition and viewing of meteorological informations and recent changes in air traffic, interactive calculation of important parameters or flight navigation.

Navtech är en internationell leverantör av flygoperationella produkter. Det här examensarbetet utfördes på en av deras produktionsavdelning som kallas Aircraft Performance, i Stockholm. Arbetet består av framtagning av en manual till en mjukvaruprodukt. Produkten är ett program som beräknar och presenterar flygprestandainformation för start och landning. Programmet tillhandahålls med två användarmanualer, Userguide och Prepages. Dessa manualer beskriver hur programmet fungerar och hur det presenterade flygprestandainformation skall användas. Företaget har funnit ett behov av att förbättra innehållet av dessa två manualerna och vill ha hjälp med att skapa en ny, enhetlig och lättanvänd manual. För det har upptäckts att manualerna som tillhandahålls till kunderna inte alltid innehåller all grundläggande information om programmet och lett till att kunderna behöver kontakta Aircraft Performance kundsupport för hjälp och vägledning. Förutom att den nya manualen skulle vara enhetlig ville företaget att innehållet skulle vara generellt och fungera som en grundmall. Detta för att den sedan kunna anpassas efter varje nytt specifikt program. Den nya framtagna manualen har fått namnet Aircraft Performance Manual. För att informationen skall vara konsekvent i hela Aircraft Performance Manual för ett specifikt program har riktlinjer, kallad Developer guidelines, tagits fram under examensarbetet. De beskriver steg för steg vilken information som behöver anpassas för programmet. Denna rapport är en studie av programmets funktionaliteter och manualernas innebörd (Userguide och Prepages) samt Navtechs interna dokumenter som också är relaterad till programmet. Rapporten presenterar resultatet av det första upplägget av Aircraft Performance Manual, som är godkänd av Geneth Daley, Product Manager på Aircraft Performance avdelningen. I och med att Aircraft Performance Manual har blivit ett mycket stort dokument har vissa delar i denna lämnats med förslag till vidare utveckling och bearbetning. Detta är presenterad i slutet av rapporten. / Navtech is an international supplier of flight operational products. This thesis is performed in one of their production department called Aircraft Performance, in Stockholm. The work consists of development of a manual to a software product. The software calculates and presents aircraft performance information for takeoff and landing. The software is provided with two user manuals called Userguide and Prepages. These manuals supply information of how the software works and how to apply the flight performance information. The company has found needs of improving the contents in these manuals and needs help to develop a new and uniform manual that is easy-to-use. It has been discovered that the manuals which have been provided to customers does not always consist of all fundamental information about the software. The consequence of this has led customers to contact Aircraft Performance customer service for help and guidance. In addition to have a uniform manual, the company wants it to be generic and be used as a basic template. The reason is to be able to customize it for every new specific software. The newly developed manual is called Aircraft Performance Manual. To be able to maintain consistent information in the Aircraft Performance Manual for specific software a guideline, called Developer guidelines, has been created during the thesis work. It describes step by step which information needs to be customized for the software. This report consist study of the software functionality, the purpose of the manuals (Userguide and Prepages) and Navtechs internal documentations which also contains information related to the software. The report presents the first edition of the Aircraft Performance Manual, which is approved by Geneth Daley, the Product Manager of Aircraft Performance department. Because Aircraft Performance Manual has become a huge document, some parts have been left out with suggestions for further development och processing. They are presented in the end of this report.

Viability and dispersal of ascospores of Anisogramma anomala, the cause of eastern filbert blight (EFB) on European hazelnut, from diseased branches pruned from trees were measured. In each of two years, branches bearing stromata of A. anomala were cut in mid-December and compared to branches cut near budbreak in March, when trees became susceptible to infection. The experiment was replicated three times at separated locations. At each location, 125 diseased branches (source) were piled loosely in a 1 x 1 m area. From March to June, spore traps (rain sampling-type) as well as 2-year-old potted hazelnut trees were placed next to each source, 6.4 m upwind and downwind, and 20 m downwind from each source. During seven significant major rain events over the two seasons, hazelnut seedlings (3-month-old) were placed adjacent to the spore traps. Near sources significantly higher (P. < 0.01) ascospores counts were obtained for branches cut near budbreak compared to those pruned in December in the first season; no significant difference in counts of ascospores were observed in the second season between pruning treatments. For both seasons significantly higher (P < 0.05) counts of ascospores were observed at 6.4 m downwind compared to 6.4 m upwind or 20 m downwind of a source. Ascospore viability, as assessed by staining with trypan blue, was similar for both pruning times at all distances and averaged 50%. At least one infected seedling was obtained for 5 of 7 major rain events regardless of pruning time at sources and 3 of 7 major rain events 6.4 m downwind of a source. All of the 2-year-old potted trees for both pruning treatments at the source and 6.4 m downwind became diseased and > 50% of trees at 20 m downwind became diseased in the 2010 season. Similar to ascospores counts, disease incidence was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in 2-year-old potted trees observed 6.4 m downwind compared to 6.4 m upwind or 20 m downwind in the 2010 season. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) disease incidence in 2-year-old potted trees was observed 20 m downwind compared to 6.4 m upwind in the 2010 season. Downwind disease gradients for both pruning treatments were shallow with slopes that were not significantly different than zero (p > 0.05) for the 2010 season. Based on these results, ascospores from diseased branches pruned from trees in both pruning treatments remained viable, infectious and were dispersed downwind of each treatment. / Graduation date: 2012