Principals today face greater job complexities and more diverse challenges than ever before because of decreases in resources, funding, and district support, along with increases in accountability expectations, student diversity, and unfunded federal and state mandates. Principals today are tasked with myriad responsibilities ranging from facilities management and fiscal and legal concerns to instructional leadership and stakeholder relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of formal, structured leadership coaching and engage in further inquiry to determine the effect of leadership coaching on principal efficacy in a complex and challenging educational environment. This convergent parallel mixed-method research approach is meant to determine if elementary principals' participation in formal leadership coaching programs increases their level of efficacy, as well as how different districts structure and implement these programs for the benefit of their administrators.

Bakgrund: Provocerad vulvodyni är ett smärttillstånd som innebär smärta vid provokation av vaginan, exempelvis beröring eller penetration. Fysioterapi är förstahandsvalet vid behandling. Det saknas forskning kring vilken fysisk aktivitetsnivå (FA) de drabbade kvinnorna har och vilken tilltro de har till sin förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiva. Syfte: Undersöka och kartlägga underlivssmärta, FA och tilltro till sin förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv hos en grupp med provocerad vulvodyni och jämföra resultatet med en kontrollgrupp. Även undersöka om det finns något samband mellan kvinnor med provocerad vulvodynis skattade underlivssmärta och FA samt FA och tilltro till sin förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv. Metod: Tvärsnittsstudie med icke-experimentell design. Deltagarna var kvinnor mellan 18–40 år. De med provocerad vulvodyni inkluderades i undersökningsgruppen (n=29) och de utan inkluderades i kontrollgruppen (n=32). Deltagarna rekryterades via enkätutskick i fem facebookgrupper. Resultat: Undersökningsgruppen ägnade mindre tid åt vardagsmotion jämfört med kontrollgruppen, men det var ingen signifikant skillnad avseende fysisk träning samt den sammanlagda fysiska aktiviteten en vanlig vecka, skattat med Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor för fysisk aktivitet. Undersökningsgruppen hade en lägre tilltro till sin förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv skattat enligt Swedish Exersice Self-Efficacy Scale jämfört med kontrollgruppen. I undersökningsgruppen fanns ett signifikant samband mellan FA och tilltro till sin förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv men inte mellan skattad underlivssmärta och FA. Slutsats: Resultatet antyder att kliniska insatser bör fokusera på att undersöka och stärka kvinnornas tilltro till sin förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv i syfte att öka deras FA. Vidare forskning behövs på ämnet. / Background: Provoked vulvodynia (PV) is a condition involving pain upon provocation of the vagina, for example touch or penetration. Physiotherapy is the first choice for treatment.There is a lack of research on the physical activity level (PA) of the affected women and their self-efficacy of being physically active (SE-PA). Aim: To investigate vulva pain, PA and SE-PA in a group with PV and compare the results with a control group. Also investigate whether there is any relationship between women with PV estimated vulva pain and PA as well as PA and SE-PA. Method: Cross-sectional study with non-experimental design. The participants were women between 18–40 years old. Those with PV were included in the study group (n=29) and those without were included in the control group (n=32). The participants were recruited by posting a survey in five Facebook groups. Results: The study group spent less time on everyday exercise compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference regarding physical exercise and total amount of physical activities during a normal week, estimated with the National Board of Health and Welfare's indicator questions for physical activity. The study group had a lower SE-PA asassessed according to the Swedish Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, compared to the controlgroup. In the study group, there was a significant relationship between PA and SE-PA, but not between estimated vulva pain and PA. Conclusion: The result suggests that clinical interventions should focus on investigating and strengthening women's SE-PA in order to increase their PA. Further research is needed.

Thesis advisor: Vincent Cho / This individual case study is part of a larger group study examining how principals benefit from and shape professional capital to improve schools. Principals play a critical role in supporting student learning, while also structuring the culture of the school and mediating external demands. Despite the importance of the school principal, principal dissatisfaction is high and retention rates are low. The job of the principal is intensifying in terms of its complexity and volume of responsibilities. While extant research on teacher social networks makes a strong connection to perceptions of self-efficacy, little research exists regarding principals. This qualitative case study explored how district leaders in one Massachusetts school district focused on principal retention and whether their actions influenced a principal's feelings of self-efficacy. This study is part of a larger study that investigated how principals benefit from and shape professional capital to improve schools. Data were gathered from fourteen semi-structured interviews with district level leaders and principals. Data supported the literature that relationships based in work and friendship with district leaders and colleagues positively influenced principal feelings of self-efficacy. Recommendations include examining the impact of top-down district reforms on principal persistence and innovation. Further investigation needs to be done examining the influence of relationships on specific antecedents of principal self-efficacy. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

More college students are experiencing stress that negatively affects their psychological wellbeing. Many universities are reporting that more students are seeking mental health services related to stress (Miller, Elder, Scavone, 2017). The intent of this thesis is to extend the previous research findings by specifically investigating the role of mindfulness on psychological well-being of college students. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered online survey that consists of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) that measures the frequency of mindfulness state, the Psychological well-being scale (PWB) that measures six aspects of wellbeing and happiness, and the generalized self-efficacy scale (GSES). The survey included a section on demographic information such as gender, age, race/ethnicity, and family income. All data was analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and consisted of a series of correlational analyses and multiple regression analyses. We found that mindfulness positively correlated with psychological well-being. Furthermore, we found the mindfulness and self-efficacy significantly predicted the level of psychological well-being. The findings of this study can inform college administrators in the development of more targeted intervention programs that may be utilized for the stability of students psychological wellbeing.

This research addressed the identification and distribution of selected ERI fungi within two greens at Mississippi State University Golf Institute using novel molecular methods, spatial relationships of fungal distribution and turf health assessments, and fungal sensitivity to selected fungicides. A complex of ERI fungi was identified in both greens. Gaeumannomyces graminis, Gaeumannomyces sp., and Candidacolonium cynodontis were randomly distributed based on spatial autocorrelation in both green samplings, while Magnaporthiopsis cynodontis clustered in Green 2 for both samplings and in Green 12 of the 2018 sampling. Clustering of turf health values was variable by month in each green, and no spatial relationship was determined between turf health values and fungal presence. Five ERI fungal isolates were exposed to four fungicide classes with relative growth present at 100 ppm. The EC50 values for the selected fungi ranged from 2.33 to >100 ppm and suggests a lack of sensitivity to the selected fungicides.

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