Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Darbe pirmiausia aprašoma EKG prasmė ir kompiuterinės analizės raida. Apžvelgiami pagrindiniai EKG kompiuterinės analizės uždaviniai – EKG įvedimas, saugojimas, parametrų nustatymas, klasifikacija ir interpretacija. Ištirta prieinama EKG analizės programinė įranga, kuri yra arba atviro kodo, arba komercinė (Demo versijos). Nustatyta, kad EKG analizės programinė įranga pagal paskirtį yra trijų tipų: EKG modeliavimo, mokymo ir analizės. Literatūros analizė parodė, kad atviros EKG kompiuterinės analizės programos yra daugiausia skirtos EKG mokymui. Išnagrinėtos EKG modeliavimo, mokymo ir analizės programinės įrangos aprašai pateikti lentelėse. Atlikti eksperimentai su realiais iš duomenų bazės atsisiųstais EKG įrašais. Eksperimentuose naudotos laisvai prieinamos Octave sistema sukurtos programos. Darbe sukurta vaizdinė vartotojo sąsaja, apjungianti šias programas, kuria demonstruojamas šių programų veikimas: EKG nuskaitymas, filtravimas ir parametrų nustatymas. / In this master work firstly is described the aim and development of ECG computer’s analysis. Also the main tasks of ECG computer’s analysis are analyzed including ECG input, saving, parameters’ detection, classification and interpretation. Besides available ECG analysis program is investigated which is an open source code or commercial (Demo version). ECG analysis software can be divided to the three types: ECG modeling, ECG learning and ECG analysis. The analysis given in the references showed that an open ECG software is mainly intended for ECG learning. All these investigated programs are described in the provided tables. The real ECG records from the data bases were taken and the experiments have been performed using the programs which were created by the Octave system. In this work the graphic interface was created which combined all these above mentioned programs. This graphic interface demonstrated the whole process of the program comprising getting ECG data, filtering and parameters detection.

ECG-Screening for young elite athletes Abstract Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) during physical activity is a frightening and emotional tragedy that draws huge media attentions when it occurs. Fortunately it is a relatively uncommon occurrence but happens nonetheless to young athletes who often seems to be in perfect health. SCD is used as a term for sudden unexpected complications on the cardiovascular system that leads to a deadly outcome normally within the first hour of onset of symptoms and the cause is some sort of underlying cardiovascular disease that gets triggered by physical activity.Normally athletes gets divided into two groups dependent on age, over and under 35 years, and this studies focus is on the younger group since it is often during this period athletes are at the elite level. It is also in this category the most unexpected sudden deaths occur that is not due to coronary atherosclerosis, which is the dominant cause of death, and drastically increases, for people over 35 years old. Aim The aim of this study was to scientific and unbiased analyze peer-reviewed clinical articles todescribe the pros, cons and cost to implement an ECG-screening as a standard before physicalactivities for specifically defined elite athletes. Method A systematic review was performed and after all data collection 21 articles was chosen to beused as a base for both background and analyze. At the end 10 articles was fulfilling the criteria to be used at the analyze and later the results. Results The implementation of ECG-screening has reduced SCD in Italy by 89 % between the years 1979-2004. There is a higher risk of SCD for active elite athletes. ECG-screening could be aneffective way to detect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but a similar study showed oppositeresult. The positive negative results from ECG are relatively low. Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy is a rare disease among elite athletes. A standardized help tool for ECG can help all sorts of physicians in judging the results from ECG. The cost for implementation ofECG-screening for all young athletes is high and will probably not be implemented in countries like USA for a foreseable future. Discussion There is a lot of studies done on the matter but only a couple has shown any positive numbers that gives the implementation of en ECG-screening actually reduce the mortality to SCD. More studies are published every year and the debate will probably go on for a long time, especially concerning money and resources but also about its effectiveness. Better technology in the future will probably make it a more affordable project, especially if it develops to be amore efficient tool.

<p>In many clinical applications, it is desirable to transmit sensor information wireless. In earlier research, investigation transmit ECG signal using Bluetooth, was performed. However, when Bluetooth has some drawbacks it is of interest to investigate alternative methods, one such method is ZigBee. Bluetooth has higher data rate speed (1Mbps) than ZigBee (250kbps). However, Bluetooth consumes more power. ZigBee uses in applications where low power consumption is important compared to high data rate. For industrial purposes, ZigBee is used in sensors and control unit technology. For medical treatment ZigBee can be used for patient monitoring.</p><p>The aim of this work is to investigate if it is possible to wireless transmit an ECG signal with ZigBee-technology.</p><p>The result shows that an ECG signal can be transmitted by using ZigBee. Since ZigBee is designed for low power consumption, the Zigbee-module must be set in passive mode in most of the time.</p>

In many clinical applications, it is desirable to transmit sensor information wireless. In earlier research, investigation transmit ECG signal using Bluetooth, was performed. However, when Bluetooth has some drawbacks it is of interest to investigate alternative methods, one such method is ZigBee. Bluetooth has higher data rate speed (1Mbps) than ZigBee (250kbps). However, Bluetooth consumes more power. ZigBee uses in applications where low power consumption is important compared to high data rate. For industrial purposes, ZigBee is used in sensors and control unit technology. For medical treatment ZigBee can be used for patient monitoring. The aim of this work is to investigate if it is possible to wireless transmit an ECG signal with ZigBee-technology. The result shows that an ECG signal can be transmitted by using ZigBee. Since ZigBee is designed for low power consumption, the Zigbee-module must be set in passive mode in most of the time.

Elektrokardiogram (EKG) är en av de viktigaste undersökningsmetoderna för upptäckt och diagnostisering av hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Med hjälp av elektroder som placeras på kroppen efter väldefinierade system kan hjärtats elektriska aktivitet registreras och observeras i ett EKG. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om EKG påverkades om man använde distal eller proximal armelektrodplacering, om skillnaderna var kliniskt signifikanta och om skillnader uppstod mellan mjukvarans respektive läkarens tolkning av EKG. EKG togs på 100 patienter med medelålder på 66 år, 44 kvinnor och 56 män. Sex elektroder placerades på bröstkorgen och extremitetselektroderna placerades distalt för ett EKG och förflyttades därefter upp proximalt för ytterligare ett EKG. Utifrån erhållna EKG jämfördes den distal och proximala placeringen för R-amplitud, PQ-tid, QRS-duration, elaxel, mjukvarutolkning, läkartolkning och muskelstörningar. Jämförelse gjordes för helgrupp (n=100) och i undergrupperna: normala (n=28), grenblock (n=19), repolarisationsavvikelser (n=14) och hypertrofi (n=15). Statistiskt signifikanta skillnader observerades för R-amplitud i avledning I och III, för PQ-tid och elaxel. 80% av mjukvarutolkningarna erhöll samma tolkning respektive 98% för läkartolkade EKG. Muskelstörningar blev oförändrade för 78%, mer störningar uppstod distalt för 21% och mer störningar proximalt uppstod för 1% I denna och andra liknande studier erhölls större R- amplitud i avledning III vid en proximal placering av extremitetselektroderna vilket kan bero på placeringen närmre hjärtat. En större R-amplitud kunde även observeras i avledning I, men vid distal placering jämfört med proximal för denna studie vilket är svårförklarat. Mindre muskelstörningar observerades vid en proximal armelektrodplacering vilket troligtvis beror på den kortare mätsträckan. Slutsatsen blir att för en proximal armelektrodplacering uppstod statistiskt signifikanta skillnader, men som endast har ringa klinisk betydelse i den studerade populationen då avvikelserna låg inom normalvärden och att placeringen gav reducering av muskelstörningar.

<p>The mainpart of this thesis is about the developing of a new analysis tool to be used in Zenicor Medical Systems AB ECG-system. The primary task of the system is to simplify the ECG survey for patients who suffers from different kinds of arrythmias, for example heart fibrillation. With this system is it possible for the patients to do their ECG survey by them self at home and then send the signal with their telephone or mobilphone to a server. The equipment used to do the survey is not bigger than you can have it in a pocket and this results in a bigger flexibility for the patient. A doctor can connect to the server and analys the ECG-curve and follow up the patients condition.</p>

The mainpart of this thesis is about the developing of a new analysis tool to be used in Zenicor Medical Systems AB ECG-system. The primary task of the system is to simplify the ECG survey for patients who suffers from different kinds of arrythmias, for example heart fibrillation. With this system is it possible for the patients to do their ECG survey by them self at home and then send the signal with their telephone or mobilphone to a server. The equipment used to do the survey is not bigger than you can have it in a pocket and this results in a bigger flexibility for the patient. A doctor can connect to the server and analys the ECG-curve and follow up the patients condition.

Ziel dieser Studie ist es diabetestypische Veraenderungen bei einem großen deutschen Patientenkollektiv aus Diabetikern und ihren erstgradig Verwandten zu beschreiben. Es wurde die Frage untersucht, ob nicht erkrankte Geschwister von Typ2 Diabetikern diabetestypische EKG-Veraenderungen aufweisen als Hinweis auf ein genetisch determiniertes, erkrankungsunabhaengiges Merkmal. Dies konnte nicht gezeigt werden. Nicht erkrankte Verwandte von Diabetikern haben keine erhoehte QTc-Zeit, QTc-Dipsersion oder erniedrigte RR-Differenz im tiefen Atemtest im Vergleich zu einer gesunden Normalbevoelkerung. Die Diabetiker in dieser Studie weisen sowohl bei den QT-Zeit Messungen als auch beim tiefen Atemtest schlechterer Werte auf als die Gesunden. Die Abhaengigkeit der Werte von Geschlecht und Alter findet sich im Wesentlichen wie in der Literatur vorbeschrieben. Auch die uebrigen EKG-Veraenderungen wie Rhythmusstoerungen und indirekte Ischaemiezeichen entsprechen der Verteilung in anderen Studien. Die QT-Zeit Parameter sind abhaengig von anderen phaenotypischen Merkmalen. So ist die QT-Dispersion und die QTcmax signifikant erhöht bei pathologischer Intima-Media-Dicke der A. carotis interna und beim Vorhandensein von arterieller Hypertonie.

Electrical and Computer Engineering / A high performance, wireless bio-impedance measurement system has been designed for the purpose of monitoring essential electrical properties of the heart during cardiac ablation. The system is broken into three parts: a spring-loaded device to house a tetrapolar surface probe and sensors, a wireless bio-impedance measurement system, and a desktop base station for graphical data display and acquisition. The system is specifically designed for a tetrapolar-electrode configuration where the two outer electrodes served as a current source operating at 20 kHz with an amplitude of 100 µArms and the two inner electrodes served as voltage sensing electrodes. In addition, the system also has a dedicated channel for current sense. The system is designed to be modular and reconfigurable for different measurement needs. Epochs of both discrete voltage and current samples generated by the voltage-controlled current source are processed using a digital signal processing algorithms to generate admittance measurements. In addition to the admittance’s magnitude and phase, pressure, electrocardiogram (EKG), and temperature (two channels) data are also acquired. The measurements are then wirelessly transmitted from the bio-impedance measurement system to a base station where data are processed and viewed graphically. The final system updates the admittance, pressure, EKG, and two temperature channels at 320 Hz, consumes less than 3 W, and has percent of measurement errors of 7 % and 2 % for capacitive and resistive measurements in the range of 100 pF to 10000 pF and 300 Ω to 1600 Ω, respectively. Instrument design, calibration, verification, and modeling are at the heart of this thesis. In the future, the instrument will be deployed for various bio-impedance measurements that require a high degree of linearity, precision, and a wide input range. / text