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A detailed review and revision of the theories required to simulate the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra of S' = 1/2 transition metal monomers and dimers is undertaken. The simulation of the epr spectrum of bis(biuretato)cuprate(II), doped in its isomorphous nickel(II) complex, enables the determination of its effective spin Hamiltonian parameters, independent of PH and solvent effects. An axial bis(biuretato)cuprate(II) dimer is also detected at 110 K and its simulated spectra indicate that it is formed by the axial interaction of two monomers. / The nature of copper(II)-biuret complexes in acidic and neutral media is then investigated. Their epr spectra are shown to be deceptively simple and arise from more than one species in solution. Furthermore, in basic media the bis(biuretato)cuprate(II) and di-(mu)-hydroxo-bis(biuretato)dicuprate(II) are the predominant species. However a consideration of the structure and superexchange interactions of the latter complex indicate that it is "epr silent". / Electronic absorption and epr investigations demonstrate that polyols and carbohydrates interact axially with bis(biuretato)cuprate(II) in solution without the displacement of the equatorial biuretato ligands. / The resonance field positions and general contribution of the g tensor to the epr intensities of a preferentially oriented paramagnetic probe is derived. They are used in simulating the epr spectra of copper(II) complexes adsorbed on cellulose fibres. The results suggest that the complexes interchelate between the cellulosic sheets of the fibre. An empirical parameter describing the degree of order of the sheets, within the fibre, is defined and estimated. / Stable 9,10-anthrasemiquinone radicals are generated by carbohydrates in strictly aqueous media for the first time. They are also shown to be the predominant radicals in AQ-Soda and AQ-Kraft-Soda pulping liquors. Monitoring the radical concentrations with temperature via epr strongly suggests that they should not be disregarded as possible catalysts in these processes.

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Salmonella Typhimurium continues to be a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. This organism is a facultative intracellular pathogen, meaning that it is able grow and reproduce within the host cell it inhabits. S. Typhimurium has the ability to invade and replicate within human intestinal epithelial cells, which in turn causes induced cell death or apoptosis. The human intestinal epithelial cells, HCT-8, were challenged with live, heat inactivated, and electron beam inactivated S. Typhimurium for various time points. Infected cell monolayers were collected for RNA extractions, and Real-time PCR was performed on the samples to analyze differential gene expression. Genes of the host cell that were expected to be differentially expressed were shortlisted and Real-Time PCR analysis was performed. Internalized Salmonella within the host cell was unable to be successfully visualized using fluorescent light microscopy. However, differential gene expression for a common transcriptional regulator and inflammatory chemokine were observed to be expressed significantly higher in response to e-beam inactivated Salmonella infection. Genes coding for extracellular and intracellular pattern-recognition receptors of the host cells were shown to be up-regulated in response to e-beam inactivated Salmonella infection at 4 and 24 hours, but were not statistically significant. Additional studies must be conducted to definitively confirm e-beam irradiated Salmonella has the ability to invade human host cells.

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No description available.