This study examines the evolution of Ella Fitzgerald's scat syllable vocabulary during a key developmental period in her career when she was recording for Decca Records. Between 1943 and 1952, Fitzgerald established the syllabic vocabulary that would serve as a defining characteristic of her improvisational style for the rest of her career. Fitzgerald is commonly praised as the greatest vocal improviser in jazz history, but while much has been written about Fitzgerald's melodic and harmonic approach to jazz improvisation, little has been written about her syllabic approach. Timbre and articulation are considered to be vital elements of any jazz musician's style; the study examines the changes in Ella Fitzgerald's syllabic approach through transcription and analyses of thirteen scat solos recorded during this time period, using scat syllable choices to discuss timbre and articulation. This analysis provides a model for further research of its kind, as well as informing historically accurate performance practice by both teachers and students of jazz singing.

The evolution of African stateless societies and the diverse impact of their cultures, on political thought previous to and post-modernity, are not well understood. Scholars acknowledge the varied influence of precolonial African culture on the artistic, spiritual, and linguistic expressions of African-descended populations. However, observations regarding the impact of such acephalous societies on the political thought of the African Diaspora remain obscure. The organizational techniques of such societies are best described as a form of kinship-based anarchism. This study seeks to examine the persistence of such organizational techniques among African-descended populations in the United States. The political life and background of Ella Baker will be used as a historical case study to illustrate the possible strands of continuity that may exist between the organizational habitude of African acephalous societies, and modern African-American grassroots political structures.

HCMV is a common viral pathogen that infects most of the world's population by early adulthood. It is typically asymptomatic in immunologically healthy individuals but causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients and congenitally infected infants. HCMV glycoproteins are highly polymorphic, and various types of associations have been suggested between glycoprotein types and the pathogenicity of the virus. Several studies on viruses other than HCMV have related the glycosylation of the viral glycoproteins to virulence. This project aimed to determine whether there is a robust relationship between the individual glycoprotein sequence and its glycosylation, how this influences the growth characteristic of the virus and whether this is related to its pathogenicity. Glycosylation patterns of 89 clinical specimens of different infection categories and specimen types were correlated with genetic sequence alterations of the virus glycoproteins (gB, gH, gL, gM, gN, gO), followed by determining whether mutation results in specific changes in glycosylation. The aim was approached using a cell culture model and a quantitative lectin-based assay (ELLA). A significantly increased glycosylation level for the following genotypes: mixed gH, gN4a, gO4, mixed gL was detected. Whereas a decreased pattern was found to be associated with gH1, gH2, gN3a, gO1a and gL2 genotypes (P < 0.05). Glycoproteins of strains isolated from respiratory specimens were significantly highly glycosylated compared to the blood and urine samples, and from blood specimens compared to the urine samples (P < 0.05). Furthermore, strains from congenitally infected infants and urine samples had a significantly higher growth rate than others tested. No direct association between the virus growth and its virulence was found. These findings demonstrate that glycosylation of glycoproteins in HCMV is affected by the glycoprotein polymorphisms and signifies a potentially important mechanism for avoidance of antibody-mediated neutralization, which, in turn, facilitates HCMV pathogenicity. This phenomenon requires further study and may have application for the selection of novel targets for diagnosis, vaccine development and other preventive measures to combat diseases caused by this virus.

Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / S. 389-403: Bibliografi.

Originally written for M.A. degree, Western Michigan University (1994). / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54).

Originally written for M.A. degree, Western Michigan University (1994). / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54).

Balanced Scorecard belongs to the most prominent managerial tools for performance measurement and strategy management. Aim of this thesis is to describe BSC with emphasis to small and medium enterprises using literature review. Additional supporting tools for strategy formulation are included as well. BSC is then proposed for implementation in privately owned small enterprise in the sector of medical devices. Based on the thorough analysis of the company and its environmental factors operational and strategical performance gaps are identified. Such gaps are then addressed by means of BSC including financial, customer, internal processes and learning and growth perspective. Despite some limitations inherent to SMEs in general introduction of BSC is feasible and could be of value to all company stakeholders.

This dissertation explores the themes of collaboration and creativity in the relationship between arranger Nelson Riddle and vocalists Frank Sinatra and Ella Fitzgerald. It examines the balance between structure and freedom as well as the specific musical results that emerge from collaboration between an arranger and vocalists who are considered among the greatest in their fields. An examination of their interactions, musical scores, and performances, reveals that the constraints that are present in a collaborative effort can lead the artists to find a shared process to make a creative, unified product.

La colonisation chronique des poumons par P. aeruginosa est une cause majeure d'infection<br />et de mortalité chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose (CF). Pour la bactérie pathogène, la<br />capacité à adhérer aux cellules hôtes est essentielle pour initier l'infection, et les<br />glycoconjugés présents à la surface des cellules épithéliales sont autant de cibles pour les<br />récepteurs bactériens. Chez les patients CF, des modifications surviennent dans les<br />glycoconjugués des surfaces épithéliales ainsi que dans les mucines pulmonaires et salivaires.<br />Une augmentation d'oligosaccharides fucosylés de type Lewis est observée, souvent<br />accompagnée de sialylation et/ou sulfatation.Une lectine soluble, PA-IIL, reconnaissant<br />spécifiquement le fucose, a été identifiée dans le cytoplasme de P. aeruginosa. Cette lectine,<br />également présente sur la surface de la bactérie, pourrait être impliquée dans la<br />reconnaissance de l'hôte et/ou dans la formation du biofilm responsable de la résistance de la<br />bactérie contre les antibiotiques. Les travaux développés dans la thèse portent sur l'étude<br />structurale et thermodynamique de l'interaction de PA-IIL avec des ligands naturels et des<br />glycomimétiques de synthèse. Des tests d'interaction ELLA (Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assays)<br />ont été mis en place afin d'évaluer les propriétés inhibitrices de ces composés. Ces travaux<br />constituent une première approche dans la conception de composés dérivés des sucres<br />pouvant servir comme alternative aux antibiotiques utilisés dans les infections survenants<br />chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. (Projet financé par l'association: Vaincre la<br />Mucoviscidose)

This thesis argues that Ella Ferris Pell's 1890 painting, Salome, provides a unique interpretation of the ideals of the New Woman, specifically in terms of reclaiming female power through Salome's confidence in her sexuality. By examining the cultural context in which Pell exhibited her painting, as well as her background as an artist, I hope bring to the light the significant ways in which Pell's Salome participates in the construction of the New Woman in late nineteenth-century culture. Since Pell was an American woman who trained and exhibited in both the United States and France, this paper explores the significance of the New Woman in both countries. Through the examination of these ideas, we can better appreciate the way in which Pell approached her painting and why it was not well received in Paris—despite its popular subject matter, technical execution, and relevance to the popular topic of the women's movement. Drawing upon the rich visual culture of this era, I offer a comparative study of how both images of women and actual women embraced sexuality and femininity as a means of exerting influence over men, and by so doing, carved out a sphere of influence in a male-dominated society.