Tesis para optar al grado académico de magìster en comunicación política / En 2013 se cumplieron 40 años del golpe de Estado, y a modo de conmemoración por lo ocurrido, surgieron series ficcionales como Los archivos del Cardenal que retrataron lo ocurrido durante los diecisiete años de dictadura. En esta serie se observaron distintas formas de violencia que tuvo la dictadura al momento de enfrentar y doblegar a quienes estaban en contra. Sin embargo, el objeto de estudio gravitó, principalmente, sobre la violencia estructural, la cual se relaciona con la estructura de las instituciones sociales y culturales, generando una privación de las necesidades básicas de cada persona (Galtung, 2003). Ante esto, el trabajo en cuestión se propuso analizar la representación de la violencia estructural ocurrida en dictadura, en la ficción televisiva Los archivos del Cardenal emitida entre 2011 y 20141. Dado que es un tipo de violencia difícil de observar de manera inmediata, fue necesario pasar antes por los otros dos tipos de violencia descritos por Galtung (directa y cultural). En consecuencia, se desarrolló una metodología cualitativa que, en primer lugar, agrupó las escenas según contexto bajo el cual se desarrollan los hechos y en donde los personajes están inmersos y le dan sentido a sus acciones y discursos. Esto dio paso a seis contextos específicos: 1) Connotación jurídica; 2) Aire libre; 3) (Auto) Marginación; 4) Abuso de poder; 5) Vicaría; y 6) Espacio familiar. Luego, utilizando el modelo actancial de Greimas (1987), se estudió la relación entre los actantes principales al interior de la serie, a partir de las categorías que el propio autor propone (destinador, sujeto, destinatario, ayudante, objeto y oponente). En tercer lugar, se realizó la construcción del contexto socio-político de la serie tomando en consideración la lógica del paradigma inmunitario desarrollado por Roberto Esposito (2005; 2006; 2009) y las categorías del modelo contextual propuesto por van Dijk: dominio, participantes globales (identificación), participantes locales (roles), acciones globales, acciones locales y escenario (tiempo y lugar) (1980; 2001a; 2001b). Finalmente, se demostró que la fragmentación de la sociedad representada en la serie se hizo evidente a partir de las distintas acciones realizadas por las instituciones que trabajaban o apoyaban al régimen dictatorial de Pinochet, las cuales funcionaban bajo la lógica de la inmunización. También se exponen las distintas relaciones de poder, su capacidad para establecer un sentido común que relativice la vida y el actuar sobre ella y la constitución de un orden socio-político a partir de la violencia.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia

In the span of two decades, Hizballah has evolved from an armed resistance movement against Israeli occupation into an efficient political party and---by extension---into a permanent fixture on Lebanon's mainstream political stage. The present analysis traces the evolution of the party from its inception and assesses its performance vis-a-vis the major players of Iran, Israel and Syria. Factors including the characteristics of the movement and the Shiite community itself, the shifting position, interests and policies of various regional actors, and the changing domestic conditions in Lebanon were isolated in order to adequately explain the behaviour and development of Hizballah. As a result, such alternatives to cultural factors (i.e the "Islamic variable") were found to be stronger explanatory factors rather than the Islamic factor. Ultimately, the essay illustrates that Islamic considerations are secondary, if not tertiary, when political decisions are to be made in different contexts. Rather, it is the interests of the more powerful actors that govern the organization's next move, in addition to the aforementioned variables. On the basis of such assumptions and findings, conclusions were finally drawn regarding Hizballah's future developments and its prospects following an Israeli withdrawal.

No description available.

No description available.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct--Sci. polit.--Paris--Institut d'études politiques, 1996. Titre de soutenance : États et acteurs non étatiques en France et en Grande Bretagne dans la guerre du Golfe : politique étrangère et stratégies non étatiques. / Bibliogr., 6 p.

Magíster en Estudios Internacionales / No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo / La política exterior de Chile ha sufrido grandes transformaciones a lo largo de las décadas, estas se encuentran insertas dentro del contexto de los cambios de gran magnitud que se produjeron en el escenario internacional a escala global, a raíz del desmoronamiento del Muro de Berlín, lo que de una u otra forma influyeron en la configuración de la política exterior tanto latinoamericana como chilena. Esta tesis va a estudiar la agenda presidencial en materia de política exterior de los presidentes de una coalición llamada Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia, la cual, estuvo en el poder desde marzo de 1990 hasta marzo del año 2010. A lo largo de este periodo, el país tuvo que insertarse nuevamente en el plano internacional, luego de una etapa de aislamiento producida por el gobierno militar, en donde, se quebraron las relaciones con muchos países, por otra parte, se perdió el prestigio internacional que había construido el país durante décadas. La pregunta de investigación que va a guiar el presente trabajo será ¿Cuáles son las prioridades en la agenda de cada presidente en el ámbito de la política exterior? A su vez se trabajará en torno a otras interrogantes tales como: ¿los mandatarios cumplen los desafíos en política exterior que prometen a lo largo de su programa electoral? ¿Qué cantidad de proyectos de ley se envían cada año en esta materia y a que temáticas corresponden? Finalmente se buscará responder ¿Cuáles son las principales áreas geográficas que han tenido mayor importancia en la política la política exterior chilena durante los diversos periodos presidenciales?

The texts in this study interrogate the dominant myths which have affected the constructs of identity and history in the white Australian socio-historical context. These myths are exposed by White as ideologically determined and as operating by processes of exclusion, repression and marginalisation. White challenges the autonomy of both European and Australian cultures, reveals the ideological complicity between them and adopts a critical approach to all Western cultural assumptions. As a post-colonial writer, White shares the need of both post-colonising and post-colonised groups for an identity established not in terms of the colonial power but in terms of themselves. As a dissident white male, he is a privileged member of the post- colonising group but one who rejects the dominant discourses as illegitimate and unlegitimating. He offers a re-writing of the myths underpinning colonial and post-colonising discourses which privileges their suppressed and repressed elements. His re-writings affect aboriginal men and women, white women and the 'privileged' white male whose subjection to social control is masked as unproblematic freedom. White's re-writing of myth enbraces the post-modern as well as the post- colonial. He not only deconstructs and demystifies the phallogocentric/ethnocentric order of things; he also attempts to avoid totalization by privileging indeterminacy, fragmentation, hybridization and those liminary states which defy articulation: the ecstatic, the abject, the unspeakable. He himself is denied authority in that his re-writings are presented as mere acts in the always provisional process of making interpretations. White acknowledges the problematics of both presentation and re-presentation - an unresolved tension between the post-colonial desire for self-definition and the post-modern decentring of all meaning and interpretation permeates his discourse. The close readings of the texts attempt, accordingly, to reflect varying oppositional strategies: those which seek to overturn hierarchies and expose power-relations and those which seek an idiom in which contemporary Australia may find its least distorted reflexion. Within this ideological context, the Lacanian thematics of the subject, and their re-writing by Kristeva, are linked with dialectical criticism in an attempt to reflect a strictly provisional process of (re) construction

This study represents an exploration of White's concept of transcendence in The Tree of Man and Voss by means of a detailed account of some of the key patterns of imagery deployed in these novels. White's imagery is a key mode of expression in his work, not simply manifesting in overarching religious symbols and framing structures but figuring in constantly modulated tropes continuous with the narrative, as well as in minor, but no less significant images occasionally susceptible to etymological or onomastic reading. While no attempt is made to provide an exhaustive exploration of the tropes at work in these novels, a sufficient range of material is covered, and its metaphoric density adequately penetrated, to highlight and explore a fundamental concern in White's work with a paradoxical unity underlying the dualities inherent in temporal existence. A useful way of approaching his fiction is to view the perpetual modulations of his imagery as the dramatisation of an enantiodromia or play of opposites, in which the conflicts of duality are elaborated and paradoxically - though typically only momentarily - resolved. This resolution or coincidence of opposites is a significant feature of his notion of transcendence as well as his depictions of illuminatory experience, and in this respect White's metaphysics share an essential characteristic, not only of Christianity, but a range of religious and mythological systems concerned with expressing a transcendent reality. Despite these analogies, however, the novels at hand are not so tightly bound to Christian, or any other, meaning-making systems so as to constitute sustained allegories, and hence this study does not aim to chart a series of correspondences between White's images and biblical or mythological symbols. Indeed, a criticism often levelled at White - with The Tree of Man and Voss typically figuring in support of this claim - is that he too rigidly imposes religious frameworks on his work. An extension of this view is formulated in the Jungian critique of White's corpus offered by David Tacey, who argues that White's conception of transcendence is consistently challenged by the archetypal significance of the images he employs, which point to a contrary process of psycho-spiritual regression in his protagonists. In a fundamentally text-based approach, this study explores White's use of imagery while taking biblical resonances and archetypal interpretations into account, and suggests that, though White's images are highly allusive, they are not merely agents of imported Christian, or other traditional symbolic values. Nor do they undermine the authenticity of his depiction of the spirituality of his protagonists, or obtrude on the fabric of the narrative. Instead, the range of his images are - though often ambivalent - integral to a network of mercurial tropes which articulate and constantly evaluate a notion of transcendence through inflections and oscillations rather than equations of meaning.

The focus of this thesis has been to engage in a hermeneutic dialogue with Patrick White's novel The solid mandala, to provide an explication of the dual nature of narcissistic wounding. To this end a brief review of Patrick White's novels is given, which traces a thematic development of the hero's strivings to attain wholeness and merger with an idealized image. This struggle is understood to reflect man's strivings to return to a state of omnipotent fusion with the maternal image, be it God, nature, the idealized other, or the self. Literature which reflects the dual nature of narcissistic wounding is reviewed, and the concept of narcissism is traced from the historical roots of Freud, to current understandings of the function and experience of narcissism. Emphasis is given to understanding the experiential nature of narcissistic wounding. As such it is implied that narcissism is a normal developmental component which requires the facilitation of containment and reflection for its transformation into appropriate adult functioning. The importance of the maternal environment is discussed, together with the various theoretical conceptualizations of the consequences of failure of the environment. The hermeneutic dialogue with the novel's description of the experiences of the twins, Waldo and Arthur provides the basis for an amplification of the experience of narcissistic wounding. This amplification is used as clinical material from which a number of psychoanalytic formulations are drawn. These formulations are supported by a number of clinical examples from the researcher's own practice. There appears to be evidence for the value of focusing on the dual nature of the experience of narcissistic wounding. This focus reveals two aspects of experience, a damaged, positive, libidinal aspect and a defensive, pathological destructive aspect. Amplification of these two aspects of experience contribute to further the understanding of the conflictual experience of narcissistic wounding, and suggest the necessity for such an understanding for effective therapeutic intervention