Ephrin type-B receptor 2 (EphB2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates proteins and thereby regulates cell migration, vascular development, axon guidance synaptic plasticity, and formation of borders between tissues. It has been seen overexpressed in several cancers, which make it an interesting protein to study. In this thesis EphB2 kinase domain (KD) and juxtamembrane segment with kinase domain (JMS-KD) have been expressed, purified and studied using analytical ultracentrifugation to evaluate the oligomerisation of the KD and how the double mutation S677/680A affects this. A program for data analysis have been written and used for analysis of the acquired data. The values of the dissociation constant were 2.94±1.04 mM for KD wild type and 3.46±2.26 mM for JMS-KD wild type have been calculated. Due to varied problems with the measurements no data was acquired on the double mutant, and not enough data was gained to draw any conclusions. Additional experiments will be needed to understand the oligomerisation of this intriguing protein.

SCHIP-1 est une protéine cytoplasmique enrichie aux nœuds de Ranvier et aux segments initiaux des axones matures, où elle est associée à l’ankyrine G. SCHIP-1 est également exprimée dans le système nerveux central pendant le développement embryonnaire. Nous montrons ici que les souris mutées pour Schip1 présentent des anomalies morphologiques de la commissure antérieure formée par les axones du cortex piriforme, du noyau olfactif antérieur et de l’amygdale. Ces anomalies résultent de défauts de croissance et de guidage axonal in vivo au cours du développement. Les neurones du cortex piriforme d’embryons mutés présentent un retard d’initiation et de croissance axonales, et des anomalies de guidage axonal in vitro. Des expériences de vidéomicroscopie montrent que SCHIP-1 régule la réponse des cônes de croissance à la molécule de guidage EphB2, importante pour le développement de la commissure antérieure. Les souris mutées présentent en outre une diminution de l’épaisseur du cortex piriforme qui affecte spécifiquement les couches de neurones de projection. Cette diminution résulterait d’une augmentation de la mort cellulaire et non d’un défaut de génération ou de migration des neurones. De manière intéressante, ces anomalies morphologiques sont associées à des comportements anormaux qui pourraient reposer sur des défauts d’intégration des odeurs. Le cortex piriforme joue un rôle-clé dans la discrimination, l’association et l’apprentissage des odeurs. Les souris mutées pour Schip1 semblent donc être un modèle prometteur pour étudier la fonction du cortex piriforme ainsi que celle de la commissure antérieure, peu connues à ce jour. / SCHIP-1 is a cytoplasmic component of nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments of mature axons, where it associates with ankyrinG. SCHIP-1 is also expressed in the CNS during mouse early embryonic stages. Here we report that Schip1 mutant mice display morphological abnormalities of the anterior commissure, which is composed of axons from piriform cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, and amygdala. These abnormalities are due to impaired axon elongation and navigation in vivo during development. Piriform cortex neurons display axon initiation/outgrowth delay and guidance defects in vitro. Time-lapse imaging indicates that SCHIP-1 regulates the response of growth cones to EphB2, a guidance cue important for anterior commissure development. Besides, mutant mice display a reduced thickness of the piriform cortex, which affects projection neuron layers, and is likely to result from cell death rather than from impairment of pyramidal neuron generation or migration. Interestingly these morphological defects are associated with abnormal behavior related to defects in odor processing. The piriform cortex is thought to play a key role in odor discrimination, association and learning. Thus Schip1 mutant mice appear to be an interesting model to further characterize piriform cortex as well as anterior commissure functions, which are yet poorly known.

EPHB2, an ephrin receptor (EPH) from receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is one of the substrates for tissue factor (TF) - coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex and it is cleaved in its ectodomain. EPHB2 cleavage is important for ephrin receptor (EPH) - ephrin ligand (EFN) signaling and cell repulsion. TF has been reported to be overexpressed in different cancer types such as breast and colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, EPHB2 R155C mutation, at the TF/FVIIa-mediated cleavage site, has been identified as one of the somatic mutation sites in human metastatic CRC. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to characterize the EPHB2 R155C mutation and its effect on the cleavage by TF/FVIIa on EPHB2 in context to CRC. We generated overexpression cell models for EPHB2 wild type (wt) and R155C mutant in human CRC DLD-1 cell line for in vitro compartmentalization assay analysis to demonstrate repulsion event in EPH-EFN signaling. Whereas low endogenous TF expression led to incomplete cleavage of EPHB2 wt protein, stable overexpression of TF resulted in complete cleavage. Moreover, overexpression of TF resulted in reduced compartmentalization in EPHB2 wt cells after FVIIa treatment. Transient expression of TF in EPHB2 wt and R155C cells showed no clear difference in EPHB2 cleavage. Interestingly, it was difficult to obtain similar stable overexpression level of TF in EPHB2 R155C cells compared to EPHB2 wt cells. This may lead to further research in context to the role of TF/FVIIa-mediated EPHB2 cleavage in CRC by the generation of TF overexpression cell lines using lentiviral transduction.