Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-14T19:34:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Veronica Cristina Lopes Menezes.pdf: 1388664 bytes, checksum: eb95b2be98ffd5f3a96140f14377f8f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T19:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Veronica Cristina Lopes Menezes.pdf: 1388664 bytes, checksum: eb95b2be98ffd5f3a96140f14377f8f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / CAPES / The distribution of estrogen receptors in brain structures that are envolved in the hidroelectrolyte balance such as the lamina terminalis (LT), subfornical organ (SFO) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) demonstrated that estradiol can modulate important responses in body fluids. In the literature experimental data support that estrogen can increase the triptofan-hydroxilase type 2 , the main enzyme for the serotonin synthesis. The primary question here is whether or not differences in the baseline or stimulated intake are a function of different levels of circulating gonadal hormones in female ovariectomized rats. Female Wistar intact rats (~230 g) were previously aclimated in metabolic cages during 5 days and ad libitum access to water and hypertonic saline (1.8%) bottles and food. Room temperature was maintained at 22?2 ?C with 12:12 h light-dark cycle (lights off at 19:00). Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of a mixture of ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) and then bilaterally ovariohysterectomized. There were four experimental groups: OVX (replaced with corn oil), 2,5 ?g/kg (E2 2,5), 10,0 ?g/kg (E2 10,0) and 40,0 ?g/kg (E2 40,0), daily during seven days, s.c. After 24 h of the surgery the hormonal replacement initiated (estradiol cypionate, EC, Pfizer, Animal Health). We did three experimental protocols: baseline evaluations, sodium depletion and fluid replacement. The estrogen replacement exibitted a dose dependent effect in the following parameters under basal conditions: daily body weight, daily urinary volume and daily food intake. After sodium depletion there were no difference in the urinary volume after 2 and 24 hours of the experiment. But after fluid reposition we observed a dose dependent effect in the ingestive behaviour of water and hypertonic saline intake in sodium depleted and control animals. Our data support that estradiol can alter the natriorexigenic and dipsogenic responses especially after sodium depletion depending of the estrogenic status. / A distribui??o de receptores estrog?nicos em estruturas centrais envolvidas na regula??o da homeostase hidroeletrol?tica como o ?rg?o vasculoso da l?mina terminal, n?cleo subfornicial, n?cleo dorsal da rafe indica que o estradiol pode atuar nessas estruturas em resposta a altera??es nos fluidos corporais. Nosso objetivo foi verificar se a reposi??o hormonal pode influenciar de maneira concentra??o-dependente o status hidroeletrol?tico e neuroend?crino de ratas castradas com reposi??o hormonal em diferentes doses de forma comparativa. Ratas Wistar (~230 g) foram previamente adaptadas, por 5 dias, em gaiolas metab?licas, com acesso ad libitum aos bebedouros volum?tricos de ?gua e salina hipert?nica e ao alimento, sendo mantidas sob ciclo claro-escuro de 12 horas em sala com temperatura controlada em 22??2 ?C. Ao final da adapta??o, as ratas previamente anestesiadas com cetamina (75 mg/kg) e xilazina (5 mg/kg) foram submetidas ? cirurgia de ovariectomia bilateral. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: OVX, reposi??o com ?leo de milho), repostos com ?leo de milho cipionato de estradiol (E2) 2,5 ?g/kg (E2 2,5), 10,0 ?g/kg (E2 10,0) e 40 ?g/kg (E2 40,0). O tratamento de reposi??o foi feito pela via subcut?nea, diariamente durante 7 dias tendo sido iniciado no dia seguinte ? cirurgia. Foram realizados tr?s protocolos experimentais: avalia??o sob condi??es basais, deple??o de ?ons s?dio e reapresenta??o de fluidos. Neste estudo o estradiol apresentou efeito dose dependente nos seguintes par?metros sob condi??es basais: peso corporal di?rio, volume urin?rio di?rio, ingest?o de alimento di?rio. Ap?s deple??o de s?dio n?o houve diferen?a em rela??o ao volume urin?rio de 2 e de 24 horas ap?s o experimento. No entanto ap?s a reapresenta??o dos fluidos houve efeito dose-dependente no comportamento ingestivo de ?gua e de salina hipert?nica tanto nos animais depletados de s?dio quanto nos animais controles.Os dados suportam que o estradiol modula o comportamento ingestivo dos animais sob condi??es basais e ap?s a deple??o de s?dio.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-03T14:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Natalia Soares Carvalho de Souza.pdf: 1833535 bytes, checksum: 4574c94ab4a477d9f8d0ddf31d6b4069 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T14:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Natalia Soares Carvalho de Souza.pdf: 1833535 bytes, checksum: 4574c94ab4a477d9f8d0ddf31d6b4069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Premenopausal women are less prone to develop cardiovascular diseases than men and this advantage do not persist in postmenopausal women. Thus herein we aimed to investigate the gender difference and the estrogen influence in cardiac function, fluid balance and thyroid status, in Wistar rats subjected to experimental model of myocardial infarction (MI). In the first step, adult male (n = 18) and female (n = 21) rats underwent experimental MI (MIm and MIf,) or sham-operation (ShamM and ShamF) respectively. One and four weeks post-MI rats were placed in metabolic cages, subjected to echocardiography (ECHO), electrocardiography and then euthanized for blood sample collection and tissue collection (heart, lung and liver). In the second step female rats were ovariectomized (n = 24) or continued intact (n = 21), two weeks later they were subjected to MI (MIOVX and MIINT, respectively) or sham operation (ShamOVX and ShamINT). Four weeks post-MI, they were subjected to the same evaluations of the first step, not only the electrocardiography. In the third step, female rats were subjected to ovariectomy and treated with estrogen (E2) (n = 13) or vehicle (n = 22). Two weeks later they underwent experimental MI (MIOVX+E2 and MIOVX+Veh). Four weeks post-MI they were subjected to the same evaluations of the second step. Male infarcted rats developed cardiac dysfunction (shortening fraction, SF, reduction, ~ 70%) and fluid homeostasis changes (sodium intake increasing, ~ 146% and urinary volume reduction, ~55%) earlier than female, in the first week post-MI while female presented these changes (SF reduction, ~28% and sodium intake increasing, ~143%) only in the fourth week and attenuated compared to male. MIM showed reduction in LF/HF ratio (~70%), one week post-MI. And only male rats presented hypothyroidism after MI (T4 ~52% and T3 ~38%, reduction). We also verified reduction in SF (~55%), increasing in LA/Ao ratio (~75%) and changes in fluid balance (sodium intake reduction, ~67% and urinary volume reduction, ~40%) more pronounced in MIOVX than in MIINT. MIOVX group reduced thyroid hormone levels after MI (T3 ~35%). MIOVX+Veh showed more pronounced reduction in SF (~55%) and increasing in LA/Ao ratio (~75%) than the MIOVX+E2 group. The sodium intake reduced in MIOVX+Veh (~67%) and in the urinary volume we verified significant reduction in ShamOVX+Veh and MIOVX+Veh groups compared to ShamOVX+E2 and MIOVX+E2 groups (P < 0.05). Serum T3 reduced significantly (~35%) only in MIOVX+Veh group. The pathophysiological development of heart failure post-MI was attenuated in female compared to male. And female rats subjected to MI presented fluid balance more favorable and related to the less pronounced development of heart failure. Estrogen seems to influence positively the cardiac function and attenuate the dysfunction that occur post-MI. The euthyroid status in female intact do not seems to be determinant to the less pronounced development of heart failure / Sabe-se que mulheres na pr?-menopausa apresentam menor preval?ncia de doen?as cardiovasculares do que homens e, esta diferen?a desaparece ap?s a menopausa. Sendo assim, o presente estudo buscou avaliar o dimorfismo sexual e a influ?ncia do estr?geno nas altera??es da fun??o card?aca, do equil?brio hidroeletrol?tico e do status tireoidiano de ratos Wistar submetidos ao infarto do mioc?rdio (IM) experimental. Na primeira etapa ratos wistar machos (n = 18) e f?meas (n = 21) foram submetidos ao infarto experimental (INF.M e INF.F) ou ? falsa cirurgia (Sham.M e Sham.F). Na primeira e quarta semana p?s-IM foram colocados em gaiolas metab?licas e submetidos ? ecodopplercardiografia (ECO) e eletrocardiografia (an?lise espectral), seguido de eutan?sia para coleta de sangue (dosagem s?rica de horm?nios tireoidianos) e de tecidos (cora??o, pulm?o e f?gado, para biometria). Na segunda etapa, f?meas foram ovariectomizadas (n = 24) ou mantidas intactas (n = 21) e ap?s duas semanas submetidas ao infarto do mioc?rdio (INFOVX e INFINT) ou ? falsa cirurgia (ShamOVX e ShamINT). Quatro semanas ap?s p?s-IM, as mesmas avalia??es da etapa anterior foram realizadas exceto a eletrocardiogr?fica. Na terceira etapa, foi realizada ovariectomia e reposi??o com estr?geno (E2) ( n = 13) ou ve?culo (n = 22). Ap?s duas semanas foi realizada a cirurgia de indu??o ao infarto (INFOVX+E2 e INFOVX+Veic) e a falsa cirurgia (ShamOVX+E2 e ShamOVX+Veic). Decorridas quatro semanas foram feitas as mesmas avalia??es da segunda etapa. O grupo INFM desenvolveu disfun??o card?aca (fra??o de encurtamento, FEnc%, ~70% de redu??o) e altera??es na regula??o hidroeletrol?tica (aumento do apetite por s?dio, ~146% e redu??o do volume urin?rio, ~55%), uma semana p?s-IM e, portanto, mais cedo que as f?meas, que apresentaram altera??es na fun??o card?aca (FEnc%, ~28% de redu??o) e regula??o hidroeletrol?tica (aumento do apetite por s?dio, ~143%) na quarta semana p?s-IM. O grupo INFM apresentou redu??o na rela??o LF/HF (~70%), uma semana p?s-IM. E, apenas os ratos machos desenvolveram hipotireoidismo ap?s o infarto. Tamb?m foi observada redu??o da FEnc% (~55%), aumento da rela??o ?trio esquerdo/ aorta (AE/Ao, ~75%) e altera??es na regula??o hidroeletrol?tica (redu??o do apetite por s?dio, ~67% e do volume urin?rio, ~40%) mais pronunciadas em INFOVX do que em INFINT. O grupo INFOVX tamb?m apresentou redu??o dos n?veis s?ricos de T3 (~35%) p?s-IM. O grupo INFOVX+Vei mostrou redu??o da FEnc% (~55%) e aumento na rela??o AE/Ao (~75%) mais pronunciadas que o grupo INFOVX+E2. INFOVX+Vei reduziu o apetite por s?dio (~67%) e, no volume urin?rio, foi observada redu??o significativa nos grupos ShamOVX+Vei e INFOVX+Vei em rela??o aos grupos ShamOVX+E2 e INFOVX+E2 (P<0,05). O T3 s?rico reduziu significativamente (~35%) apenas no grupo INFOVX+Vei. Houve diferen?a no desenvolvimento fisiopatol?gico da insufici?ncia card?aca (IC) p?s- IM entre machos e f?meas, sendo mais brando nas f?meas. E f?meas infartadas apresentaram uma regula??o hidroeletrol?tica mais favor?vel e compat?vel com o desenvolvimento menos acentuado da IC. O estr?geno influenciou positivamente a regula??o hidroeletrolitica de f?meas infartadas, o que favoreceu a fun??o card?aca e atenuou desta forma, a disfun??o que ocorre ap?s o infarto. A manuten??o do status eutire?ideo n?o pareceu ser determinante para o desenvolvimento menos pronunciado da IC