Les sédiments de surface du Golfe du Morbihan et de la Baie de Quiberon ont été analysés afin d’évaluer les éléments traces métalliques (ETMs), leur comportement, les processus qui contrôlent leur distribution spatiale, leur spéciation, leur réactivité et leur biodisponibilité. Les potentielles sources métalliques ont été recherchées à partir de l’analyse des sédiments des ports à proximité et des sédiments du bassin versant. Les analyses ont été faites sur la fraction inférieure à 63 µm des sédiments collectés en Avril 2013. Les concentrations totales et la spéciation des ETMs ont été obtenues à partir des attaques totales et sélectives, respectivement. L’enrichissement en Zn, Cu, Cd et Pb a été mis en évidence dans les sédiments de surface du Golfe du Morbihan. De même, la labilité et la biodisponibilité du Pb ont été montrées dans les sédiments de la Baie de Quiberon. Le comportement des ETMs dans les sédiments de la côte morbihannaise est principalement contrôlé par le gradient terre/mer. Cependant, les ports et les rivières constituent des sources d’ETMs, principalement de Cu et Zn. / Surface sediments in the Gulf of Morbihan and the Bay of Quiberon were analyzed in order to characterize the trace metals elements, their behavior, the processes that control their spatial distribution, their speciation, reactivity and bioavailability. Potential sources of metals were looked for, based on the analysis of nearby harbors and river basin’s sediments. The analyses were done on the fraction below 63 µm of the sediments collected in April 2013. MTEs total concentration and speciation were obtained from total and selective attacks, respectively.The enrichment of Zn, Cu, Cd et Pb was identified in the surface sediments of the Gulf of Morbihan. Pb lability and bioavailability were shown in the sediments of the Bay of Quiberon. The MTEs behavior of the Morbihan’s coast is mostly controlled by the land-sea gradient. However, harbors and rivers form sources of ETMs, principally of Cu and Zn.

Currently, wireless communication technologies are expected to be widely employed for in-vehicle communication where in-vehicle communication is built upon the interactions of different parts inside the vehicle. This communication is to enable a variety of applications for driver and passenger needs.  To have improved driving assistance, development of in-vehicle applications is very much needed. At present, intelligent systems inside the vehicle are mostly dominated by the wired technologies. The possibilities of wireless communication have inspired us and made an opportunity to analyse replacements for wired communication within a vehicle. In this connection, the scope of our thesis is to define the in-vehicle applications which are preferred by the wireless technologies, to define the applications using wired technologies which could be replaced by the wireless technologies and to identify those applications which are difficult to implement by the wireless technologies.   In-vehicle wired networks; and problems of these wired networks, along with several existing applications, have been discussed at the initial stage of this thesis for the purpose of having a clear understanding. After that, existing In-vehicle wireless applications and several challenging applications have also been studied. Studies have been done on the most important wireless technologies with their respective specifications. The requirement of establishing wireless communication has also been explained. Finally, an analysis has been done according to the requirements of the applications and verification of their possible reliance on the wireless technologies.   In a brief, comparable studies have been done among the wireless technologies to assess their current and future fitness for In-vehicle applications. The thesis concludes with some recommendations regarding when wireless technologies might be suitable for some in-vehicle applications to replace the wired technologies.