The new EU Forest Strategy for 2030, one of the flagship initiatives of the European Green Deal, has put EU forest policy in a new expansionary phase with ambitious goals for future forest management in Member States. This thesis analyzes contestation over the EU Forest Strategy for 2030 in Sweden to understand how discursive representations of forests are interlinked with justice perceptions. By utilizing poststructuralist discourse theory and the logics framework, and analyzing EU forest policy documents, Swedish parliamentary debates, and interviews with Swedish forest stakeholders, this thesis shows how sustainable forest management functions as a floating signifier and how different discursive understandings of this concept leads to different understandings of justice in forest management and thus how a just transition in forestry should look like. In the Swedish reception of the new Strategy, a commodity discourse and a conservation discourse could be identified where both highlighted the importance of the private forest owner in relation to justice perceptions in Sweden. The results show how the discourses attempt to invest the role of private forest owners with different meanings. Thus, this thesis contributes to the literature on just transitions by showing how justice perceptions are discursively interlinked with understandings of the role of forests, and how political contestation over this takes place.

In 2021, the European Union (EU) released the New EU Forest Strategy for 2030 to improve the welfare of forests within the EU. This caused a conflict between the EU and some of its Member States. The Swedish Government criticised the strategy for being too intrusive to countries' national affairs and their right to autonomy over their forest resources. In addition, Sweden has been criticised by the EU for its clear-cutting forest management strategies to be unsustainable. At the same time, the deadline to align with national agreements like the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Agenda and the European Green Deal is approaching. By 2050, the EU should be a carbon-neutral continent. Forests play an important role in climate change mitigation and in the sustainability agenda of both the EU and Sweden, although both parties seem to disagree on the other’s forest politics. This thesis investigates how sustainability in forests is formulated by the European Union (EU) and Sweden. Through quantitative content analysis and qualitative content analysis, the forest policy and strategy documents of the EU and Sweden are analysed to identify the sustainability content, its differences, and its similarities. The analysed documents that are selected to illustrate the sustainability content in the EU are the New EU Forest Strategy for 2030, Staff Working Document on the 3 Billion Tree Planting Pledge for 2030 and Guidelines for Defining, Mapping, Monitoring and Strictly Protecting EU Primary and Old -Growth Forests. The analysed documents that are selected to illustrate Swedish Forest Policy are Skogsvårdslagstiftningen and Sveriges Nationella Skogsprogram. The findings showed that both the EU and Sweden strive to reach international commitments on climate change and sustainability in their forest politics. However, the sustainability content in the EU emphasises protecting, restoring, and increasing the forest areas within the EU to achieve the goals. The sustainability content in Sweden views forests as an economic resource that can contribute to the sustainability transition of Swedish society. The conclusion is that bo th approaches of the EU and Sweden align with previous research on forest and climate change but strive for sustainability from different perspectives.

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Denna studie undersöker förutsättningarna för implementering av EU:s nya skogsstrategi i en flernivåstyrningskontext. Policykonflikter har varit framträdande inom olika områden, inte minst inom skogspolitiken, och skogsägare har haft svårigheter att navigera bland de regleringar som finns både på nationell och EU-nivå. Därför fokuserar denna uppsats på den övergripande forskningsfrågan: Är skogspolitiken samstämmig? Genom att analysera och jämföra policykoherensen mellan EU:s skogsstrategi och två viktiga svenska policydokument – klimathandlingsplanen från 2023 och strategin för biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster från 2013 – syftar studien till att belysa hur väl dessa strategier samverkar och är samstämmiga inom skogspolitiken på både EU- och nationell nivå. Studien finner överensstämmelser mellan vissa mål i EU:s skogsstrategi och de svenska dokumenten, vilket indikerar en potential för implementering. Samtidigt identifieras konflikter mellan vissa policys, särskilt vad gäller prioriteringar och tidsramar. Dessa avvikelser minskar policykoherensen och skapar hinder för en effektiv implementering av EU:s skogsstrategi i Sverige. Studien bidrar därmed till en ökad förståelse av skogspolitikens samstämmighet och belyser utmaningar för implementeringen av mål på olika nivåer inom den svenska skogspolitiken.