The Swedish government has set a goal to have zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 andto reduce emissions from domestic transport by at least 70% compared to 2010 levels by 2030.To achieve this, an expansion of the Swedish electric vehicle (EV) personal car fleet is needed.This scientific paper utilizes material flow analysis (MFA) to predict this expansion and thecorresponding demand for battery raw materials in Sweden, examining the growth trajectory ofthe EV market in Sweden and its implications going forward. The study concluded that themarket share of electric vehicles in Sweden will increase significantly in the next ten years,which will lead to a rise in the need for battery raw materials. Depending on possiblebreakthroughs in battery technology, these demands will vary. Given the rising demand for rawmaterials and the high environmental costs associated with mining new minerals, it is importantto underscore the importance of battery recycling as an essential component of sustainablemobility. This highlights the need to improve recycling practices.

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Date:    2nd June 2024 Level:    Master Thesis in Product- and Process Development, Advanced     level, 30 credits                                                                                  Institution:   School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalens University Authors:   Farin Hasan & Soumik Karim Title:    Role of digitalization and digital capabilities to implement second-life business models for electric vehicle batteries Keywords:   Second-life EV batteries, Digitalization in circular economy, Industry 4.0 technologies, EV battery life cycle, Circular economy models, Battery recycling/repurposing Purpose:   The aim of this thesis study is to develop and evaluate a digitalization framework with the goal of improving the second life management of EV batteries.  Research questions:  “What type of Industry 4.0 technologies and digital capabilities are key for the implementation of second-life business models for EV batteries and how do they support ecosystem actors?”  , “How should ecosystem actors prepare and integrate these     technologies and capabilities to implement second-life business models for EV batteries? Methodology:   The study was conducted using an abductive research approach,   employing qualitative methods. The theoretical framework was developed through a systematic literature review of existing literature within the research scope. Data collection involved an  extensive literature review and archival study. Thematic analysis was applied to the data to identify patterns and themes, which were further analyzed to construct a framework.                                                     Conclusion:   The study concludes that integrating industry 4.0 technologies enhances the management and repurposing of EV batteries for second-life applications. These technologies enable effective monitoring, predictive maintenance, and secure data management, which supports ecosystem actors in developing sustainable and economically viable second-life business models.