<p>The aim of this paper is to try to explain how specific, foreign policy decisions are made, and why one state decides to use violence against another state. A qualitative method is used, and text and documents are analysed. The two theoretical points of departure are central within foreign policy analysis: realism´s theories on external threats and constructivism´s theories on ideas´ policy influence. The empirical case chosen is the US decision to use military violence against Iraq. The paper investigates whether the real threat from Saddam Hussein´s Iraq was the cause of the American military attacks, or whether the ideas of leading politicians in the USA were decisive for the decision to invade the country. The main theoretical assumption is that politicians´ ideas – rather than real, external threats – influence their actions. </p><p>The differences between President Clinton´s benevolent Iraq policy and President Bush´s aggressive Iraq policy can be summarized as a result of a combination of a changed external environment and differences in ideas on the use of military violence. The general conclusion is that politicians´ ideas – rather than real, external threats – influence their decision-making on specific foreign policy decisions.</p>

The aim of this paper is to try to explain how specific, foreign policy decisions are made, and why one state decides to use violence against another state. A qualitative method is used, and text and documents are analysed. The two theoretical points of departure are central within foreign policy analysis: realism´s theories on external threats and constructivism´s theories on ideas´ policy influence. The empirical case chosen is the US decision to use military violence against Iraq. The paper investigates whether the real threat from Saddam Hussein´s Iraq was the cause of the American military attacks, or whether the ideas of leading politicians in the USA were decisive for the decision to invade the country. The main theoretical assumption is that politicians´ ideas – rather than real, external threats – influence their actions.  The differences between President Clinton´s benevolent Iraq policy and President Bush´s aggressive Iraq policy can be summarized as a result of a combination of a changed external environment and differences in ideas on the use of military violence. The general conclusion is that politicians´ ideas – rather than real, external threats – influence their decision-making on specific foreign policy decisions.

Målet med detta arbete är att bättre förstå hur riktlinjer ska skapas och användas. Utgångspunkten har varit att media uppmärksammat ett flertal incidenter där främmande människor tog oönskad kontakt med olika förskolor i Karlskronaområdet. Författarna ville då se över hur kommunen arbetade med frågor om yttre hot vilket medförde att arbetet utmynnade i ett försök om att bättre försöka få förståelse för riktlinjer och dess användning då kommunen vid arbetets start saknade riktlinjer för yttre hot av denna typ. Metoden som använts är av kvalitativ art i form av intervjuer med några säkerhetsansvariga för förskolor i andra svenska kommuner. Resultatet av dessa intervjuer tillsammans med kompletterande material från generella tillvägagångssätt för identifikation och analys av säkerhetsproblem resulterade i ett förslag på arbetsmetoden vid skapandet av riktlinjer samt en påminnelse om att se över befintliga riktlinjer för yttre hot.

В работе рассмотрены основные виды внешних угроз в сфере информационной безопасности и проведена оценка их потенциальной опасности. Выполнено исследование принципа работы метода фильтрации трафика как способа защиты от большого количества внешних угроз безопасности. Произведён анализ и сравнение систем фильтрации трафика, составлен алгоритм работы основной части сетевого фильтра. На основании проведенного анализа был спроектирован и разработан прототип системы фильтрации трафика, удовлетворяющий всем определённым требованиям. Проведено тестирование разработанного прототипа фильтра трафика с помощью нескольких видов тестирования и дана оценка эффективности работы разработанной системы. / This paper considers the main types of external threats in the field of information security and assesses their potential danget. A study was made of the principle of operation of the traffic filtering method of as a way to protect against a large number of external security threats. An analysis and comparison of traffic filtering systems has been made, an algorithm for the operation of the main part of the network filter has been compiled. Based on the analysis, a prototype of a traffic filtering system was designed and developed that satisfies all the specific requirements. The developed prototype of the traffic filter was tested using several types of testing and the efficiency of the developed system was evaluated.