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Fostering Anticipatory Action via Social Protection Systems : A Case Study of the Climate Vulnerability of Flood-Exposed Social Security Allowance Beneficiaries in Bardiya District, NepalDesroches, Sabrina January 2020 (has links)
Rationale – Climate disasters represent a significant and growing proportion of the humanitarian burden and are a key factor in increasing poverty and insecurity. A myriad of studies demonstrate that aid delivered in an ex-ante fashion can be effective in mitigating losses of life, assets and livelihoods associated with climate hazards. This inquiry supplements the nascent body of research and empirical evidence base pertaining to the building of anticipatory capacity into large-scale national systems, namely via linking a Forecast-based Financing mechanism to an existing social protection system. Research question – Using the case of flood disasters in Bardiya district, Nepal, the research inquired the following: How can social protection be combined with Forecast-based Financing in order to optimise anticipatory humanitarian relief for climate-related disasters? Sub-questions – Research sub-questions guided the inquiry: (1) To what extent are current social protection beneficiaries exposed to climate-related disasters? (2) What is the specific climate vulnerability of social protection beneficiaries? (3) What are the anticipatory relief needs of climate vulnerable social protection beneficiaries? Methodology – Grounded in empirical research via the conduct of a qualitative single case study, the inquiry adopted a conceptual perspective and an exploratory design. A remote data collection strategy was applied, which included (1) a thorough desk review of key scientific literature and secondary data provided by in-field humanitarian organisations; and (2) semi-structured interviews with key informants. Key findings – The data demonstrated that the exposure of social protection beneficiaries to flood hazards is comparable to the general population. Nevertheless, an elevated climate vulnerability is evident secondary to an increased sensitivity and diminished adaptive capacity. The flood anticipatory relief needs/preferences identified include cash-based assistance, food provisions, evacuation assistance and/or enhanced Early Warning Systems. Conclusion – The research supports the utilisation of the proposed conceptual model for an integrated social protection and Forecast-based Financing mechanism, inclusive of vertical and horizontal expansion, in order to effectively identify the most climate vulnerable groups and to guide the provision of targeted anticipatory actions. The mechanism is optimised when a people-centred approach is utilised, with reference to the idiosyncratic, lifecycle and corresponding intersectional vulnerabilities of the targeted population. These findings will contribute to prospective programming in Nepal; additionally, the extent to which they can be generalised will be informed by future applied efficacy studies and comparative analyses with research from differing contexts.
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An investigation of South Africa's policy response to climate change in the context of sustainable development goalsMthembu, Dumisani Emmanuel 01 1900 (has links)
Climate change is recognized as one of the environmental challenges with disastrous
consequences for the human well-being. Hence, there is no doubt that climate change
is not only a great environmental concern, but also a developmental challenge that
overlaps at many levels. Accordingly, the global community sees climate change and
sustainable development as two major challenges of the 21st century that require
urgent collective action. The aim of the study was to investigate and analyse South
Africa’s policy response in addressing climate change, also considering the added
dynamics and imperatives presented by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development (AfSD) that enshrines 17 interwoven Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and 169 targets.
In order to fulfil this task, five research objectives were developed; namely: (i) to
determine the extent to which the South African government has been involved in
domesticating and localizing the SDGs agenda (in general) since its birth in January
2016, (ii) to identify policies and institutions dealing with climate change mitigation
(including sustainable consumption and production) and document the provisions of such policies, (iii) to determine policy coverage and institutional spread regarding the
addressing of climate change adaptation and adaptive capacity, (iv) to audit and
present an inventory of institutions and major financial arrangements existing as
means of implementing climate change policy in South Africa, and (v) to establish
measures in place to improve education, awareness-raising, and human and
institutional capacity development on climate mitigation and adaptation, impact
reduction and early warning.
A research methodology was adopted which took the form of evaluation research. This
research approach is mostly used in large bureaucratic organizations such as
government to determine the extent to which a programme or policy is effective. The
research design followed a Mixed-Methods Research (MMR), which combines
qualitative and quantitative approaches. Primary data was collected from purposefully
selected respondents, who participated in the online survey and face to face
interviews. The analysis of data entailed the reduction and display of data. Data reduction and
display made it possible to code, create themes and concepts; as well as enable the
study to make cogent inferences and rational conclusions. In addition, primary data
was complemented by document analysis that scrutinized relevant documents to
climate change and sustainable development.
The study concluded that South Africa has taken reasonable steps to achieve the
SDGs because the National Development Plan (NDP) which is aligned to the SDGs
was already being implemented. The study also showed that South Africa has put in
place institutional mechanisms to implement the SDGs, even though it took longer to
put them in place and have them operationalised. The study concluded that South
Africa has policies and strategies designed to respond to climate change mitigation
and adaptation. However, there are several challenges inherent in the policies and
strategies that make them ineffective, including policy implementation inertia. While
the study confirmed that there are institutions in place to implement climate change
policies and strategies; it emerged that capacity is concentrated at the national level, as opposed to the provincial and local government levels, and relies on few experts
which makes the system vulnerable and fragile.
Regarding funding for both climate change and the SDGs, it emerged that South Africa
does not budget enough money, and relies heavily on international donations. The
study further revealed that there is dissatisfaction with the public’s involvement in
climate change management in the country. It also highlighted the need to improve
early warning systems and preparedness to respond to extreme weather events.
Hence, the study suggests that there is a need for a serious introspection with regard
to the implementation model to ensure that the issues raised by the study are resolved. / Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Management)
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Krizový management / Crisis ManagementBenešová, Jana January 2008 (has links)
The thesis deals with definitions of the crisis management (in the general level with the application into a practice - business branch), further problems of correction and solution of the crisis in the organisation. In the hard-headed part there the student suggests the optimal soltution of the crisis in the specific company.
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