The presented thesis deals with the issue of office room, offices, in the years 1580-1700. Its goal is to describe and interpret office equipment and office aids. The author used a number of preserved inventories from Bohemia and Moravia from the 16th and 17th centuries. The first chapter classifies the aristocratic residence into the resident network and deals with typology of seats. The second section discusses the usability of castle inventories and their problems. The third part describes topography and material culture of aristocratic offices. Next it focuses on the possible change of office space in a longer period of time. The last chapter compares office facilities to different categories. These include the social affiliation of the nobleman, his economic background and career as well as the type of residence. The conclusion summarizes the findings and presents opportunities for further research.

I initially explored historic figures of European accoucheur of the 17. and 18. century. Beyond this I focused on a period called "Pobělohorská" in Czech countries. I summarized the health conditions of the population during this period, and described medical professions, midwifery and emergency Christening ceremonies. One chapter discusses partnerships and considers women who hid their pregnancy to avoid the prospect of caring for their children in the future. For this reason I present questions relating to how women hid their pregnancy during the Early Modern period. In the next chapter I discuss aspects of the process of giving birth, the locations where women gave birth and the moments thereafter. I present the circumstances of the death of the baby and the possible causes of death. The process of investigation of the scene, an assessment of the body and the search for the mother of the baby (as a potential murderer) are all considered. The assessment of the body was in the hands of the regional physiciusurgeon and a midwife. In my work I describe how the body was assessed, how they judged the maturity of the newborn baby and if the baby was born dead or alive. Further chapters explain the treatment of the umbilical cord, the inquisition of the witnesses and the suspect, and the next steps of...

Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov. Personality, Work and Afterlife Abstract On the basis of archival sources and relevant secondary literature, the thesis explores the life of Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov, one of the best-known Czech historical figures of the latter half of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century. The work focuses on the social, political, economic, administrative, and religious circumstances in the royal city of Kutná Hora, with which Dačický's life was closely related. With a view to preserved period sources, it outlines and recapitulates the accessible information about the famous swashbuckler, rioter, ruffian, killer, and drunkard who was also a prolific chronicler, poet, an ardently religious armorial burgher with unswayable moral views, and an 'eyewitness to the Czech Renaissance'. The found facts are contrasted with the 'second life' (afterlife) of Mikuláš Dačický of Heslov which was provided for him by the novelists and dramatists of the 19th and 20th century. His character, and especially his temperament outraged the citizens of Kutná Hora and inspired many modern authors of plays and TV dramas, novels, film scripts, and musical works for the stage (operetta, opera, and musical). In the field of food industry and restaurant culture, some interesting examples of his name being...

À la fin de l’époque médiévale, les reliques sont un objet omniprésent dans le monde chrétien, particulièrement dans les églises urbaines. Les critiques puis destructions protestantes au cours du XVIe siècle constituent une première période de crise, conclue par un réinvestissement important de la réforme catholique. Ces premiers bouleversements ont plusieurs conséquences. Les reliques sont désormais l’objet d’une gestion de plus en plus rationnelle, que ce soit dans leur recension ou dans leur situation dans l’espace ecclésial. Car jusqu’à la Révolution française, les églises de Lyon, Metz, Rouen et Toulouse reçoivent d’innombrables corps saints, souvent en provenance de Rome, accompagnant la multiplication des couvents en ville. Les reliques sont données par des laïcs et des membres du clergé dans des visées autant religieuses que sociales. Les cérémonies de translations traduisent un catholicisme triomphant. Certains corps saints, souvent issus du panthéon local, prennent à cette époque une valeur identitaire et patrimoniale. Ils sont considérés comme les protecteurs de la cité, au cœur d’une relation spécifique entre les villes et le monde divin. Ces corps saints sont particulièrement utilisés lors des périodes de crises urbaines, qu’elles soient épidémiques, naturelles ou encore politiques. Les reliques sont également régulièrement mobilisées dans les Histoire de ces quatre villes pour souligner et illustrer leur élection divine. Ces liens entre villes et reliques se distendent à partir du XVIIIe siècle, sous l’effet de l’essor d’une critique historique et philosophique. La Révolution française entérine ce changement, malgré des tentatives de restauration sacrale. D’objets chrétiens, les corps saints deviennent des objets confessionnels au XVIIe siècle, puis, à partir du XIXe siècle, des objets militants. / During the Late Medieval Period, relics are a very common object in the Christian World and in urban churches. Protestant criticisms and destructions during the 16th century were a first crisis ended by a catholic reinvestment. These disruptions transformed relics into a more rational object, with systematic inventories and new localisations inside churches. Until French Revolution, churches of Lyon, Metz, Rouen and Toulouse received countless relics, mostly from Rome, to support the foundation of new urban convents. Laymen and clerics gave relics to improve their social and religious status. Ceremonies of translation showed a Catholicism that had triumphed again. Some relics got an identity and heritage value. They became the protectors of the city with a specific relationship between citizens and the Divine world. These relics are often used during urban crises like epidemics, natural disasters and political crisis. The History of the towns also used relics as evidence and illustration of urban Sanctity. These links became slack during the 18th century because of historical and philosophical criticisms. French Revolution confirmed this evolution, despite attempts of sacral remediation. From Christian objects, relics became confessional objects and from the beginning of the 19th century onwards, militant objects.

Early Modern Perspectives on Islam in the Czech lands by Bartosz Paprocki and his Diadochus This thesis analyses views on Islam in the 16 and 17th century Czech Lands. Its perspective is not religionist, but rather based on confrontation with muslims (mostly Turks) as represented in selected work of Bartosz Paprocki. Specifically, the thesis looks for specific features in the authorʼs approach to the issue and reflects on them from the viewpoint of present-day historiography.

Presented diploma thesis deals with issues of marital migration in early modern town milieu. By quantitative analysis of written records of marriage contracts and parish registers from Náchod domain (Eastern Bohemia), marriages of Nachod burghers with persons from other localities are tracked. Initially the town itself and the domain of the same name, constituting its hinterland, is characterized by their population and administrative and economic conditions. Then the marital migration is examined by sex and marital status of immigrants, distance and legal status of the place of their origin, or proportion of migration across the boundary of the domain. Apart from the pursuite to describe the main features of the migration phenomenon, the attention is focused on its consequences, which are the issues of integration of immigrant into the community of the town. The final part of the thesis deals with some qualitative aspects of marital migration and its reflection in contemporary ego-documents. Keywords: marital migration; Náchod; town; country; integration; burghers; parish registers; marital contracts; early modern period

I initially explored historic figures of European accoucheur of the 17. and 18. century. Beyond this I focused on a period called "Pobělohorská" in Czech countries. I summarized the health conditions of the population during this period, and described medical professions, midwifery and emergency Christening ceremonies. One chapter discusses partnerships and considers women who hid their pregnancy to avoid the prospect of caring for their children in the future. For this reason I present questions relating to how women hid their pregnancy during the Early Modern period. In the next chapter I discuss aspects of the process of giving birth, the locations where women gave birth and the moments thereafter. I present the circumstances of the death of the baby and the possible causes of death. The process of investigation of the scene, an assessment of the body and the search for the mother of the baby (as a potential murderer) are all considered. The assessment of the body was in the hands of the regional physiciusurgeon and a midwife. In my work I describe how the body was assessed, how they judged the maturity of the newborn baby and if the baby was born dead or alive. Further chapters explain the treatment of the umbilical cord, the inquisition of the witnesses and the suspect, and the next steps of...

THESIS ABSTRACT The subject of the research - the Early Modern burgher will - is viewed in the thesis from the standpoint of family structures, historical demography and sociotopography. The sample of 968 Jihlava wills from the period 1578-1624 were subjected to statistical analysis. Moreover, from a methodological perspective the nature of this research is similar to micro-historical and prosopographical approaches. The aforementioned theme was compared to conclusions of the literature concerning historical demography and family structures (especially English) as well as foreign sociological and anthropological studies. The results of this research were evaluated from the point of view of the annual number of wills as possible indicators of the chief trends in mortality, and possible connections were traced between the number of children named in the testaments and the inheritance system. Given the numerous marriage contracts concluded by testators, the study also looked into the "marriage market" and the duration of marriages. Other questions discussed in the thesis include, for example, family and household positions, disabled people, gender studies and intergenerational property transfer. Finally, in terms of the sociotopographical study, the houses of sorted testators were located within the framework...

The aim of the presented thesis is to cover the topic of one of the first archaeological research explorations of the originally middle-age fortified manor in Martinice u Votic, Czechoslovakia, done in years 1951 and 1954 and led by an archaeologist Květa Reichertová, an employee of the former State Institute of Archaeology in Prague. The knowledge obtained during this research became a regular part of our archaeological literature. The author of the thesis provides a detailed reconstruction of the research, essential for the interpretation of the findings and the construction development of the stronghold. She also tries to explain the strongholdin Martinice u Votic in the broader context of all the retrievable writtensources that mentionthe strongholdor its owner and presents a broad and by far not yet exhausted collection - mainly ceramic tableware, embossed tiles,and metallic objects - which are indicative of the state of the stronghold as well as of the lifestyle, social class and views of the owners. The author concentrates mainly on the iconographically rich set of embossed tiles from the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. The tiles are presented in a detailed catalogue accompanied by texts and pictures. Iconographic motives are compared mainly with the findings from neighbouring...

The aim of this thesis is to present the phenomenon of academic peregrination from several points of view. It is first outlined as a specific topic of Czech historiography, which has been processed since the second half of the 19th century. Emphasis is placed on current research in a Central European perspective. Database projects that represent the current trend in the study of academic peregrination are presented in more details in the thesis. A separate part consists of a case study dealing with Czech and Moravian students at selected reformed institutes in the period 1575-1620. Detailed research was carried out on five institutes in present-day Germany and Switzerland - the universities of Basel, Heidelberg and Marburg, and the academies in Herborn and Geneva. The edited matrices of these institutions have become the main source of this part of the presented work. The student lists used so far proved to be insufficient and gap-free for the analysis. The work includes the updated and formally unified lists of Czech and Moravian students at selected schools in the selected period. The social origin of students in observed was also analyzed. Attention was also paid to trends in education at reformed schools and differences in Czech and Moravian academic peregrination. Key words Academic...