Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2008-2009 / La population n'est pas nécessairement exposée à l'eau potable du réseau de distribution. En effet, l'eau peut stagner dans la tuyauterie résidentielle ou séjourner dans le réservoir d'eau chaude pendant plusieurs heures avant d'être consommée. La qualité de l'eau en est affectée et en particulier les sous-produits de la désinfection (SPD). La présente étude a démontré que les concentrations moyennes de trihalométhanes (THM) augmentent lorsque l'eau froide stagne dans les conduites résidentielles et de façon plus importante lorsque l'eau séjourne dans les réservoirs d'eau chaude. Les concentrations d'acides haloacétiques (AHA) augmentent également dans les deux cas mais de manière moins importante que celles des THM. L'hiver et l'automne sont les saisons où les concentrations de ces composés augmentent le plus par rapport à celles retrouvées dans l'eau du réseau de distribution. L'étude a aussi démontré que, autant dans les conduites que dans les réservoirs d'eau chaude résidentiels, les espèces chlorées et bromées ne se comportent pas de la même manière. Finalement, les résultats de l'étude montrent qu'une utilisation soutenue de l'eau à la maison permet de garder les niveaux de THM et d'AHA près de ceux retrouvés dans l'eau du système de distribution.

The objective of this research is double: <p>1) to study the factors associated with the problems of quality with drinking water on the physicochemical and biological level in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin ;<p>2)to study its relationships with public health. <p>The goal is to bring on one hand, the tools of improvement to the quality of water and public health in this commune. In addition, to contribute to the reduction of the rate of morbidity and mortality generated by the diseases related to drinking water contamination in this locality<p><p>Methods:<p>For the purpase of this study, we made a preliminary investigation in the municipality (households 55898 and almost all the households have the traditional wells). In the same way the information provided by the National Society of Water in Benin gave the indications on the level koverage of drinkable water conveyance of the commune. This study carried out within a general logical framework of the durable development based on an DPSIR analysis in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi of the Atlantic district in Benin made it possible to provide information on the main sources of contamination of the drinking water. We also carried out a random sampling of 110 wells and 110 households by taking account into the geographical distribution of the households in the commune. We selected 60 taps and 60 households by random sampling for those using water drink distributed by the national Society of Water in Benin. In each zone or district, three households consuming either well water or tap water were drawn randomly. A retrospective study on the number of cases of the hydrous diseases and other symptoms of hydrous diseases was carried out by consultation of medical registers of the commune from 2007 to 2009. Cases of diarrhoeas used as basic variable of health were compared with the other cases of hydrous diseases available in the files. <p><p>Results:<p>The results show that: the most al the well water taken in the households has temperatures beyond the recommendation of the World Health Organization (25 °C) and 98.2 % have a pH below the normal which is 6.5 to 8.5. We note a strong mercury and cadmium, complete iron, aluminum, nitrate nitrite pollution of the sampled wells (n=110) which is respectively 32.73%, 11.82%,10%, 43.64%, 6.36% and 14.55%. The results of the bacteriological analysis of water revealed that the totality of the wells is contaminated. The germs identified during the analysis of the well water are: Escherichia coli, fecal streptococcus species, bacterial salmonella ,Shigella ,Clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus species,<p> Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Most frequent among these germs are: Escherichia coli (100%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (97.27%), bacterial salmonella and Shigella (96,36%) with regard to the coliformes and enterobacteries. As for the cocci with Gram (+) they are staphylococcus species (97.27%) and the fecal streptococcus (88.18%). It is useful to stress that all the wells are strongly contaminated by Clostridium perfringens (95.45%).<p> The differences between the respective prevalence of parasitic coprology, uroculture, diarrhoeas, pains abdominal and saddles bloody for exposed (45.4%, 71.8%, 76.4% and 59.1%) :those who consume the water of wells not exposed (8.3%, 1.7%,13.3%, 16.7): those who consume tap water, are statistically significant (p<0.001). For diarrhoeas according to the characteristics of the people reached of hydrous diseases and other symptoms of hydrous diseases we have: <p>•\ / Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished