A fluorose dentária resulta da toxicidade do flúor durante a odontogênese. Vários modelos experimentais têm sido utilizados para tentar explicar a patogênese do flúor no esmalte, mas durante o período fetal e pós-natal inicial, pouco se conhece a respeito da sua ação. Por isso, no atual trabalho, foram utilizadas ratas que receberam 0, 7 ou 100ppm de fluoreto de sódio na água de beber, no período a partir de uma semana antes do acasalamento, durante toda gestação e durante o aleitamento. As hemimandíbulas dos filhotes com 0, 7 e 14 dias de vida pós-natal (n = 6) foram coletadas para o estudo morfológico em microscopia óptica e eletrônica, análise imuno-histoquímica para amelogenina e estudo morfométrico da matriz de esmalte e dos ameloblastos nas fases de secreção e maturação do incisivo inferior. Os resultados mostraram em ameloblastos secretores do grupo experimental de 100ppm em todos períodos experimentais: uma menor secreção de matriz de esmalte, a desorganização das cristas das mitocôndrias, o aparecimento de grandes vacúolos na região apical do citoplasma, o acúmulo de material intracisternal e a dilatação de algumas cisternas de retículo endoplasmático rugoso. Nos grupos de animais com 7 e 14 dias, a análise de variância (ANOVA) mostrou uma redução significativa (p<0,05) no volume citoplasmático, respectivamente, de 23,80% e 24,75% em relação aos grupos controles. Nos ameloblastos em maturação de borda lisa, foi observada uma grande quantidade de vacúolos com matriz eletrondensa endocitada, sugerindo retardo na reabsorção. Nos ameloblastos de borda rugosa, foi observada a presença de algumas mitocôndrias dilatadas. A análise imuno-histoquímica mostrou que não houve diferença na intensidade e no padrão de marcação da matriz de esmalte em nenhum dos grupos estudados. Portanto, parte do fluoreto de sódio administrado em excesso à mãe na água de beber pode alcançar o filhote pela placenta e pelo leite materno, provocando alterações morfológicas observadas em ameloblastos que sugerem uma redução na secreção e um retardo na reabsorção da matriz de esmalte. / The dental fluorosis is a result of fluorine toxicity during odontogenesis. Several experimental models have been used in attempt to explain the fluorine pathogenesis in enamel, but during the fetal or the initial postnatal period, there is not much information about its action. For this reason, in this research, the female rats received 0, 7 or 100 ppm of sodium fluoride in drinking water, one week before matching, during all gestation (21 days) and nursing phases. The hemimandibles of the pups at the age of 0, 7 and 14 days of postnatal life (n = 6) were collected for the morphologic study in optical and electronic microscopy, immunohistochemistrical analysis for the amelogenin and morphometric study of the enamel matrix and of ameloblasts in the secretion and maturation phases of the lower incisive. The results showed a reduction of the enamel matrix secretion, disorganization of the mitochondrial crests, large vacuoles in the apical portion of the cytoplasm, retention of the intracisternal material and dilatation of some cisterns in rough endoplasmic reticulum for the secretory ameloblasts of 100 ppm experimental group in all experimental periods. In the groups of animals at the age of 7 and 14 days, a reduction (p<0.05) in the cytoplasmic volume of 23.80% and 24.75%, respectively, was observed in relation to the control groups. In smoothed-border maturation ameloblasts, there was a great amount of vacuoles with endocited electrondense matrix, suggesting a retard in the reabsorption process. In ruffled-border ameloblasts, there were some dilated mitochondrias. The immunohistochemistrical analysis showed no difference in intensity and marking pattern of the enamel matrix in any of the studied groups. Therefore, part of the excessive dose of sodium fluoride given to the mother in drinking water can reach the pup by the placenta and by the mother\'s milk, causing morphological alterations in ameloblasts and suggesting a reduction in the secretion and a retard in the matrix reabsorption.

SILVA, Joserlan Perote da. Existência de moduli para equivalência Hölder de funções analíticas. 2016. 51 f. Tese (Doutorado em Matemática) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Erivan Almeida (eneiro@bol.com.br) on 2016-05-12T17:30:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_jpsilva.pdf: 588345 bytes, checksum: 0d431d35b6066546720c644c4271be15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-05-13T11:08:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_jpsilva.pdf: 588345 bytes, checksum: 0d431d35b6066546720c644c4271be15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T11:08:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_jpsilva.pdf: 588345 bytes, checksum: 0d431d35b6066546720c644c4271be15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / In this work, we show that Hölder equivalence of analytic functions germs (C2, 0) → (C, 0)admits continuous moduli. More precisely, we constructed an invariant of the Hölder equivalence of such germs that varies continuously in a family ft : (C2, 0) → (C, 0). For a single germ ft the invariant of ft is given in terms of the leading coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of ft along the branches of generic polar curve of ft . / Neste trabalho, mostramos que equivalência Hölder de germes de funções analíticas (C2, 0) → (C, 0) admite moduli contínuo. Mais precisamente, construimos um invariante da equivalência Hölder de tais germes que varia continuamente numa família ft : (C2, 0) → (C, 0). Para um único germe ft o invariante de ft é dado em termos dos coeficientes principais das expansões assintóticas de ft ao longo dos ramos da curva polar genérica de ft.

A fluorose dentária resulta da toxicidade do flúor durante a odontogênese. Vários modelos experimentais têm sido utilizados para tentar explicar a patogênese do flúor no esmalte, mas durante o período fetal e pós-natal inicial, pouco se conhece a respeito da sua ação. Por isso, no atual trabalho, foram utilizadas ratas que receberam 0, 7 ou 100ppm de fluoreto de sódio na água de beber, no período a partir de uma semana antes do acasalamento, durante toda gestação e durante o aleitamento. As hemimandíbulas dos filhotes com 0, 7 e 14 dias de vida pós-natal (n = 6) foram coletadas para o estudo morfológico em microscopia óptica e eletrônica, análise imuno-histoquímica para amelogenina e estudo morfométrico da matriz de esmalte e dos ameloblastos nas fases de secreção e maturação do incisivo inferior. Os resultados mostraram em ameloblastos secretores do grupo experimental de 100ppm em todos períodos experimentais: uma menor secreção de matriz de esmalte, a desorganização das cristas das mitocôndrias, o aparecimento de grandes vacúolos na região apical do citoplasma, o acúmulo de material intracisternal e a dilatação de algumas cisternas de retículo endoplasmático rugoso. Nos grupos de animais com 7 e 14 dias, a análise de variância (ANOVA) mostrou uma redução significativa (p<0,05) no volume citoplasmático, respectivamente, de 23,80% e 24,75% em relação aos grupos controles. Nos ameloblastos em maturação de borda lisa, foi observada uma grande quantidade de vacúolos com matriz eletrondensa endocitada, sugerindo retardo na reabsorção. Nos ameloblastos de borda rugosa, foi observada a presença de algumas mitocôndrias dilatadas. A análise imuno-histoquímica mostrou que não houve diferença na intensidade e no padrão de marcação da matriz de esmalte em nenhum dos grupos estudados. Portanto, parte do fluoreto de sódio administrado em excesso à mãe na água de beber pode alcançar o filhote pela placenta e pelo leite materno, provocando alterações morfológicas observadas em ameloblastos que sugerem uma redução na secreção e um retardo na reabsorção da matriz de esmalte. / The dental fluorosis is a result of fluorine toxicity during odontogenesis. Several experimental models have been used in attempt to explain the fluorine pathogenesis in enamel, but during the fetal or the initial postnatal period, there is not much information about its action. For this reason, in this research, the female rats received 0, 7 or 100 ppm of sodium fluoride in drinking water, one week before matching, during all gestation (21 days) and nursing phases. The hemimandibles of the pups at the age of 0, 7 and 14 days of postnatal life (n = 6) were collected for the morphologic study in optical and electronic microscopy, immunohistochemistrical analysis for the amelogenin and morphometric study of the enamel matrix and of ameloblasts in the secretion and maturation phases of the lower incisive. The results showed a reduction of the enamel matrix secretion, disorganization of the mitochondrial crests, large vacuoles in the apical portion of the cytoplasm, retention of the intracisternal material and dilatation of some cisterns in rough endoplasmic reticulum for the secretory ameloblasts of 100 ppm experimental group in all experimental periods. In the groups of animals at the age of 7 and 14 days, a reduction (p<0.05) in the cytoplasmic volume of 23.80% and 24.75%, respectively, was observed in relation to the control groups. In smoothed-border maturation ameloblasts, there was a great amount of vacuoles with endocited electrondense matrix, suggesting a retard in the reabsorption process. In ruffled-border ameloblasts, there were some dilated mitochondrias. The immunohistochemistrical analysis showed no difference in intensity and marking pattern of the enamel matrix in any of the studied groups. Therefore, part of the excessive dose of sodium fluoride given to the mother in drinking water can reach the pup by the placenta and by the mother\'s milk, causing morphological alterations in ameloblasts and suggesting a reduction in the secretion and a retard in the matrix reabsorption.

Submitted by Leonardo Freitas (leonardo.hfreitas@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-14T14:45:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 LUCIANA REGUEIRA- MESTRADO ODONTOLOGIA.pdf: 2309274 bytes, checksum: 0f12b3d4091f69cfd3b5851cb87802fa (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:45:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LUCIANA REGUEIRA- MESTRADO ODONTOLOGIA.pdf: 2309274 bytes, checksum: 0f12b3d4091f69cfd3b5851cb87802fa (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / FACEPE; CNPq / Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a periodontogênese de ratos cujas mães foram tratadas com fluoxetina, durante a gestação e lactação. Metodologia: Ratas prenhes da linhagem Wistar foram distribuídas em quatro grupos de estudo. Nos grupos controle foi administrada solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% por via oral durante todo o período de gestação (CG, n=6) e durante a gestação e lactação no grupo CGL (n=6). Durante o mesmo período, foi administrada fluoxetina na dose de 20mg/kg por via oral nos grupos tratados durante apenas a gestação (grupo FG, n=6) e durante a gestação e lactação (FGL, n=6). Aos 25 dias de vida, foi realizada a anestesia seguida da perfusão e coleta da região do primeiro molar superior. As peças foram processadas para microscopia de luz, coradas pela hematoxilina/eosina, picrosirius red e tricrômico de Masson, e analisadas ao microscópio óptico para a realização de análises histológicas e histomorfométricas. Sob microscópio de luz polarizada avaliou-se qualitativamente o colágeno periodontal. Resultados: A administração da fluoxetina apenas no período de gestação não foi relacionada a alterações na periodontogênese dos animais avaliados. No entanto houve uma diminuição da quantidade de fibroblastos (p=0,006), osteoblastos (p=0,027) e cementoblastos (p=0,001) dos animais do grupo FGL. Foi detectada a presença concomitante do colágeno tipo I e tipo III no ligamento periodontal e osso alveolar de todas as amostras. Conclusão: Esses achados sugerem a sensibilidade dos tecidos periodontais à fluoxetina, sendo a interferência dessa droga sob a periodontogênese de ratos dependente do tempo de exposição.

Orientador: Celso Paulino da Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T01:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_ReginaldoBruno_M.pdf: 2628424 bytes, checksum: 6fdd5a85280fafadc8642743268342aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Lectinas são proteínas ou glicoproteínas capazes de ligação reversível a carboidratos e compostos contendo açúcares e de aglutinar células ou glicoconjugados sem induzir mudanças químicas nos mesmos. Estão presentes em plantas, bactérias, fungos, vírus, algumas células de mamíferos e outras fontes naturais. São úteis em estudos de superfície celular, imunohistoquímicas de condições normais e patológicas e estão envolvidas no mecanismo de adesão bacteriana. Uma propriedade importante nas lectinas de Phaseolus vulgaris é a estimulação da proliferação de linfócitos e esta propriedade prevalece na isolectina rica em subunidade L (L4). A lectina de germe de trigo aglutina preferencialmente célula tumorais, reage e neutraliza aglutininas não imunes presentes na saliva e aglutinam s. mutans. Neste trabalho desenvolvemos uma técnica de cromatografia de afinidade, para o isolamento de lectinas que apresentem especificidade por uma estrutura oligossacarídica. Para isto transformamos uma proteína rica em oligossacárideos, o ovomucóide, em um gel insolúvel e estável e o depositamos numa coluna. Com esta técnica foi possível o isolamento purificação das lectina de germe de trigo, lectina de Phaseolus e sua isolectina L4. Após eluídas da coluna estas proteínas foram submetidas a eletroforeses em gel de poliacrilamida e em agarose, que demonstraram sua pureza. Com finalidade de estudar as possíveis interações entre estas lectinas purificadas e glicoproteinas salivares, realizamos dupla difusão em gel de agarose, onde encontramos precipitações proteicas entre as lectinas testadas e as glicoproteinas salivares e séricas / Abstract: Isolation of lectin of beans and wheat germ and theirs precipitations with salivary and serum glycoproteins. Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins capable of reversible linking to carbohydrate and sugars compounds, and of celular or glycoconjugated aglutination without inducing chemistry changes. They are present in plants, bacteria, fungus, virus, some mammaliam cells and others nature sources. They are useful on the study of celular surface, imunohistochemistry of normal and pathologycal condition, studies of stimulation of lyrophocyte proliferation and are involved in bacteria adherence. One important property of Phaseolus vulgaris lectins is lyrophocyte proliferation and this property dominate in the isolectin rich in L subunit (L4). Lectin of wheat germ causes tumor cell aglutination, react and neutralize aglutinins of non imune origin that are present in saliva and promote S. mutans aglutination. In this work a technique of affinity chromatography, for the isolation of lectins with oligosaccharide specificity was developed. A protein rich in oligosaccharide, the ovomucoid, was transformed in a insoluble and stable gel that was deposited in a columm. With this technique lectin isolation of wheat germ and Phaseolus vulgaris and L4 isolectin was possible. After eluted from the ovomucoid columm, these proteins were submited to polyacrylamide gel, and agarose electrophoresis, and demonstrated being pure. To study the possible interaction of these lectins with salivary and serum glycoproteins, we used double difusion on agarose gel, and we found precipitations / Mestrado / Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental / Mestre em Ciências

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2768_1.pdf: 1864841 bytes, checksum: eb1e3e3394ac93ccec04b56b39f7653d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Estudos prévios avaliaram a presença de serotonina no interior do epitélio e mesênquima de germes dentários. Assim, objetivamos avaliar se o uso da fluoxetina (um inibidor de recaptação de serotonina) foi capaz de interferir na dentinogênese destes germes. Para tal, foram utilizadas 12 ratas prenhes da linhagem Wistar, divididas em três grupos: grupo controle (C), grupo tratado com fluoxetina na dose de 10mg/kg de peso animal (FL) e grupo tratado com fluoxetina na dose de 20 mg/Kg de peso animal (FX). Foram administrados solução fisiológica a 0,9% ou cloridrato de fluoxetina a esses animais do 1º ao 21º dia de gestação, por via subcutânea. Posteriormente, cada grupo foi divididos em 2 subgrupos, de acordo com a idade do desenvolvimento do germe dentário a ser estudado (1 e 5 dias de vida). Os animais foram anestesiados, suas mandíbulas removidas e o maxilar superior com os germes dentários direito e esquerdo foi seccionado tangentemente a face mesial do primeiro molar. As peças foram fixadas em formol tamponado a 10%, processadas convencionalmente para microscopia de rotina e incluídos em parafina histológica. Secções de 4 &#956;m foram coradas com HE e fotomicrografadas. Uma análise morfológica e quantitativa dos odontoblastos, dentina e pré-dentina revelou tendências a pequenas diferenças estruturais nos grupos tratados, com maior incidência nos animais com 1 dia de vida, alterações consideradas estatisticamente não significantes. Estes dados sugerem que nas doses e condições estudadas e quando aplicadas durante a gestação, a fluoxetina não alterou o desenvolvimento da dentina coronária

Cette thèse s'intéresse au Continuum Random Cluster Model (CRCM), modèle gibbsien de boules aléatoires où la densité dépend du nombre de composantes connexes de la structure. Ce modèle est une version continue du Random Cluster Model introduit pour unifier l'étude des modèles d'Ising et de Potts. Le CRCM fut introduit pour sa relation avec le modèle de Widom-Rowlinson, fournissant une nouvelle preuve de la transition de phase pour ce modèle. Dans cette thèse nous étudions dans un premier temps l'existence du CRCM en volume infinie. Dans le cas extrême des rayons non-intégrables, nous démontrons un résultat de non-unicité du CRCM en petite activité. Nous conjecturons de plus que l'unicité serait obtenue en grande activité. Une version faible de cette conjecture est démontré en dimension 1. Dans un second temps nous étudions la percolation du CRCM, qui s'intéresse aux propriétés de connectivité et en particulier à l'existence d'une composante connexe infinie. La percolation est d'autant plus cohérente pour le CRCM dont l'interaction dépend directement de la connectivité de la structure. Nous montrons dans cette thèse l'absence de percolation en petite activité et la percolation en grande activité. Ce résultat permet de généraliser la transition de phase du modèle de Widom-Rowlinson à des rayons non bornés. / This thesis focuses on the Continuum Random Cluster Model (CRCM), defined as a Gibbs model of random balls where the density depends on the number of cluster in the structure. This model is a continuum version of the Random Cluster Model introduced to unify the study of the Ising and Potts model. The CRCM was introduced for its links with the Widom-Rowlinson model, which led to a new proof of the phase transition for this model. In this thesis we first study the existence of the model in the infinite volume regime. In the extreme setting of non integrable radii, we prove for small activities the non-uniqueness of a CRCM. We conjecture that the uniqueness would be revovered for large activities. A weak version of the conjecture is proved.We alson study the percolation of the CRCM, which is the existence of at least one unbounded connected component. Percolation is more relevant for the CRCM since the interaction depends on the connectivity of the structure. We prove the absence of percolation for small activities and percolation for large activities. This results leads to the phase transition of the Widom-Rowlinson model with unbounded radii.

The objective of this research is double: 1) to study the factors associated with the problems of quality with drinking water on the physicochemical and biological level in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin ; 2)to study its relationships with public health. The goal is to bring on one hand, the tools of improvement to the quality of water and public health in this commune. In addition, to contribute to the reduction of the rate of morbidity and mortality generated by the diseases related to drinking water contamination in this locality Methods: For the purpase of this study, we made a preliminary investigation in the municipality (households 55898 and almost all the households have the traditional wells). In the same way the information provided by the National Society of Water in Benin gave the indications on the level koverage of drinkable water conveyance of the commune. This study carried out within a general logical framework of the durable development based on an DPSIR analysis in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi of the Atlantic district in Benin made it possible to provide information on the main sources of contamination of the drinking water. We also carried out a random sampling of 110 wells and 110 households by taking account into the geographical distribution of the households in the commune. We selected 60 taps and 60 households by random sampling for those using water drink distributed by the national Society of Water in Benin. In each zone or district, three households consuming either well water or tap water were drawn randomly. A retrospective study on the number of cases of the hydrous diseases and other symptoms of hydrous diseases was carried out by consultation of medical registers of the commune from 2007 to 2009. Cases of diarrhoeas used as basic variable of health were compared with the other cases of hydrous diseases available in the files. Results: The results show that: the most al the well water taken in the households has temperatures beyond the recommendation of the World Health Organization (25 °C) and 98.2 % have a pH below the normal which is 6.5 to 8.5. We note a strong mercury and cadmium, complete iron, aluminum, nitrate nitrite pollution of the sampled wells (n=110) which is respectively 32.73%, 11.82%,10%, 43.64%, 6.36% and 14.55%. The results of the bacteriological analysis of water revealed that the totality of the wells is contaminated. The germs identified during the analysis of the well water are: Escherichia coli, fecal streptococcus species, bacterial salmonella ,Shigella , Clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus species, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Most frequent among these germs are: Escherichia coli (100%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (97.27%), bacterial salmonella and Shigella (96,36%) with regard to the coliformes and enterobacteries. As for the cocci with Gram (+) they are staphylococcus species (97.27%) and the fecal streptococcus (88.18%). It is useful to stress that all the wells are strongly contaminated by Clostridium perfringens (95.45%). The differences between the respective prevalence of parasitic coprology, uroculture, diarrhoeas, pains abdominal and saddles bloody for exposed (45.4%, 71.8%, 76.4% and 59.1%) : those who consume the water of wells not exposed (8.3%, 1.7%,13.3%, 16.7): those who consume tap water, are statistically significant (p<0.001). For diarrhoeas according to the characteristics of the people reached of hydrous diseases and other symptoms of hydrous diseases we have: • in 2007: - 18.9 %, 20%, 35,1% and 33.9 % of the patients respectively between 0 at 3 year, more 3 at 5 year more 5 at 55 year and more 55 at 85 years had presented diarrhoea with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05); - 45.2% of those which made an ascariasis had presented the diarrhoea with a statistically significant difference; - 87.7 % of those which presented a salmonellose made the diarrhoea with a statistically significant difference; - 52.2% those which presented gastro-enteritis had presented diarrhoea with a statistically significant difference; - and finally other infections found not being correlated with the variable diarrhoea, just as the profession, educational level and sex. • in 2008: - 40.5% of those which make the diarrhoeas present an ascariasis with a statistically significant difference; - 40 % of those which make the diarrhoeas present an amoebiasis with a statistically significant difference; - 43.5% of the subjects which make the diarrhoeas present anaemias with a statistically significant difference. • in 2009 - 74.2%, 67.8%, 46.9%, 71.4% of those which make the diarrhoeas are respectively not provided education for, of primary education, secondary level and of higher level with a statistically significant difference; - 74.7%, 62.5%, 55.6%, 45.8% of those which make the diarrhoeas are respectively without profession, of the workmen, tradesmen and of the civils servant with a statistically significant difference; - 81.7 % of those which make the diarrhoeas present a salmonellose with a statistically significant difference; - 90% those which make the diarrhoeas present an amoebiasis with a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: This study had enabled us to demonstrate that well water with domestic use in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin is of public health concern insofar as most of the wells were contaminated with in particular an incidence of 17,4% diarrhoeas. It arose that the problem of the availability of drinking water continued to be a major concern for the population. It is urgent to implement suitable technical provisions in order to improve the access to drinkable water in this community. As the drinkable water supply is a public prerogative, the authority which they came within province of health, hydraulics, or political world should develop anet work of terminals fountains of drillings equipped with pumps with arm for the water supply of good quality,a regional planning to avoid pathologies of hydrous origin and to improve health and water quality for the inhabitant in this commune. /L’objectif de cette recherche est double : 1) étudier les facteurs associés à la problématique de la qualité de l’eau de boisson sur le plan physico-chimique et biologique dans la commune d’Abomey-Calavi au Bénin ; 2) étudier ses liens avec la santé de la population. Le but est d’apporter d’une part, les outils d’amélioration à la qualité de l’eau et à la santé des populations dans cette commune. D’autre part, de contribuer à la réduction du taux de morbidité et de mortalité engendrée par les maladies liées à la contamination de l'eau de boisson dans cette commune. Méthodes: Pour la réalisation de cette étude, nous avons fait une enquête préliminaire dans la commune qui nous a permis d’avoir une idée sur le nombre de ménages (55898) et de constater que presque tous les ménages disposent des puits traditionnels. De même les renseignements fournis par la Société Nationale des Eaux du Bénin ont donné les indications sur le niveau de couverture d’adduction d’eau potable de la commune. Cette étude réalisée dans un cadre logique général du développement durable basé sur une analyse DPSIR dans la commune d’Abomey-Calavi du département de l’Atlantique au Bénin, a permis de fournir des informations sur les principales sources d’eau de boisson. Nous avons également procédé à un tirage aléatoire de 110 puits et de 110 ménages en tenant compte de la répartition géographique des ménages de la commune. Nous avons sélectionné 60 robinets et 60 ménages par tirage aléatoire pour ceux qui sont alimentés par l’eau de boisson distribuée par la société nationale des eaux du Bénin. Dans chaque zone ou quartier, trois ménages consommant de l’eau de puits ont été tirés au hasard et ensuite un puits et robinet ont été tirés au sort parmi les puits et robinets de ces 3 ménages. L’étude rétrospective sur le nombre de cas des maladies hydriques et autres symptômes de maladies hydriques a été réalisée par consultation de registres sanitaires de la commune de 2007 à 2009. Les cas de diarrhées utilisés comme variables principales de santé ont été comparés aux autres cas de maladies hydriques dont les données étaient disponibles dans les dossiers. Résultats : Les résultats avaient montré que : la quasi-totalité des eaux de puits prélevées dans les ménages avaient des températures au-delà de la recommandation fixée par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé qui était de 25 °C et 98,2 % avait un pH en dessous de la normale qui était de 6,5 à 8,5. Sur les 110 puits prélevés, nous avions noté une forte pollution en nitrites en nitrates, en aluminium, en fer total, en cadmium et en mercure qui étaient respectivement de 32,73%, 11,82%,10%, 43,64%, 6,36% et 14,55% . Les résultats de l’analyse bactériologique des eaux avaient révélé que la totalité des puits prélevés étaient contaminés. Les germes indice de pollution bactériologique que nous avions identifiés au cours de l’analyse de l’eau de puits étaient : Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella Spp ,Shigella Spp ,Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae et Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Les plus fréquents parmi ces germes étaient : Escherichia coli (100%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (97,27%) , Salmonella Spp et Shigella Spp (96,36%) en ce qui concernait les coliformes et entérobactéries. Quant aux cocci à Gram(+) il s’agissait des Staphylococcus aureus (97,27%) et des streptococcus faecalis (88,18%). Il était utile de souligner que tous les puits étaient fortement contaminés par le Clostridium perfringens (95,45%). Les différences entre les prévalences respectives de coprologie parasitaire, uroculture, diarrhées, douleurs abdominales et selles sanguinolentes chez les exposés (45,4%, 71,8%, 76,4% et 59,1%) c’est-à-dire ceux qui consommaient l’eau de puits et chez les non exposés (8,3%, 1,7%, 13,3%, 16,7) c’est-à-dire ceux qui consommaient l’eau de robinet étaient statistiquement significatives (p<0,001). Pour le pourcentage de diarrhées en fonction des caractéristiques des personnes atteintes de maladies hydriques et autres symptômes de maladies hydriques nous avions : • en 2007 : - 18,9 % ; 20% ; 35,1% et 33,9 % des patients respectivement entre 0 à 3 ans, plus de 3 ans à 5 ans plus de 5 à 55 ans et plus de 55 à 85 ans avaient présenté de la diarrhée avec une différence statistiquement significative (p<0,05); - 45,2% de ceux qui faisaient une ascaridiose avaient présenté la diarrhée avec une différence statistiquement significative; - 87,7 % de ceux qui présentaient une salmonellose avaient présenté de la diarrhée avec une différence statistiquement significative ; -52,2% de ceux qui présentaient une gastro-entérite avaient présenté de la diarrhée avec une différence statistiquement significative ; - et enfin les autres infections trouvées n’étant pas corrélé avec la variable diarrhée, de même que le niveau d’instruction, la profession et le sexe. • en 2008 : - 40,5% de ceux qui présentaient une ascaridiose avaient présenté les diarrhées avec une différence statistiquement significative; - 40 % de ceux qui présentaient une amibiase avaient présenté des diarrhées avec une différence statistiquement significative ; - 43,5% des sujets qui présentaient des anémies avaient présenté des diarrhées avec une différence statistiquement significative. • en 2009 : - 74,2% ; 67,8% ; 46,9% ; 71,4% de ceux qui étaient respectivement non scolarisé, de niveau primaire, secondaire et de niveau supérieur avaient présenté des diarrhées avec une différence statistiquement significative; - 74,7% ; 62,5% ; 55,6% ; 45,8% de ceux qui étaient respectivement sans profession, des ouvriers, commerçants et des fonctionnaires avaient présenté des diarrhées avec une différence statistiquement significative; - 81,7 % de ceux qui présentaient une salmonellose présentaient les diarrhées avec une différence statistiquement significative ; - 90% ceux qui présentaient une amibiase avient présenté les diarrhées avec une différence statistiquement significative. Conclusion : Cette étude nous a permis de noter à travers les résultats obtenus que la qualité des eaux de puits à usage domestique dans la commune d’Abomey-Calavi au Bénin pose un problème de santé publique dans la mesure où l’ensemble des puits sont contaminés avec une incidence notamment de diarrhées de 17,4%. Il ressort que le problème de la disponibilité de l’eau potable continue d’être une préoccupation majeure pour la population. Il est urgent de mettre en œuvre des dispositions techniques appropriées afin d’améliorer l’accès à l’eau potable dans cette communauté. Comme l’alimentation en eau potable est une prérogative publique, les autorités qu’elles soient du domaine de la santé, de l’hydraulique, ou du monde politique doivent développer l’installation de bornes fontaines, l’implantation de forages équipés de pompes à bras pour l’alimentation en eau de bonne qualité , l’aménagement du territoire dans cette commune pour éviter les pathologies d’origine hydrique et améliorer la santé et la qualité de l’eau pour les habitants.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho, mostramos que equivalÃncia HÃlder de germes de funÃÃes analÃticas (C2, 0) &#8594; (C, 0) admite moduli contÃnuo. Mais precisamente, construimos um invariante da equivalÃncia HÃlder de tais germes que varia continuamente numa famÃlia ft : (C2, 0) &#8594; (C, 0). Para um Ãnico germe ft o invariante de ft à dado em termos dos coeficientes principais das expansÃes assintÃticas de ft ao longo dos ramos da curva polar genÃrica de ft. / In this work, we show that HÃlder equivalence of analytic functions germs (C2, 0) &#8594; (C, 0)admits continuous moduli. More precisely, we constructed an invariant of the HÃlder equivalence of such germs that varies continuously in a family ft : (C2, 0) &#8594; (C, 0). For a single germ ft the invariant of ft is given in terms of the leading coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of ft along the branches of generic polar curve of ft .

Submitted by Hellen Monção de Carvalho Santana (hellenmcarvalho@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-21T13:04:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Dissertação (com dia).pdf: 33709454 bytes, checksum: b55274e623607677efb4f7d385bf4e3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-22T17:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santana_hmc_me_sjrp.pdf: 33709454 bytes, checksum: b55274e623607677efb4f7d385bf4e3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santana_hmc_me_sjrp.pdf: 33709454 bytes, checksum: b55274e623607677efb4f7d385bf4e3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar curvas reduzidas. Associado a elas, Buchweitz e Greuel definem um número, chamado número de Milnor de curvas reduzidas, pois no caso de curvas planas este coincide com o número de Milnor definido por Milnor. Este número é obtido através de um importante objeto algébrico: o módulo dual de Grothendieck. Com o intuito de facilitar a obtenção deste número, mostraremos que ele está relacionado com outro número, chamado delta, mais fácil de ser calculado. Por fim, mostraremos que, de maneira análoga, Nuño-Ballesteros e Tomazella definem um número associado a germes de função finita definidos em curvas reduzidas. Este número está relacionado com o grau deste germe e com o número de Milnor da curva reduzida associada. / The aim of this work is to study reduced curves. Associate to them, Buchweitz and Greuel define a number, called Milnor number once that in the case of plane curves, this number coincides to the Milnor number defined by Milnor. This number is obtained through an important algebraic object: dual module of Grothendieck. In order to make it easier to obtain this number, we will prove that it is related to another number, called delta, easier to be computed. At last, we prove that, in the same way, Nuño-Ballesteros and Tomazella define a number associate to finite function germs defined over reduced curves. This number is related to the degree of this germ and to the Milnor number of the reduced curve associated to it.