Scholars who study grassroots innovations argue that small-scale community-led urban projects can serve as catalysts accelerating sustainability, by spreading their techniques and practices into a broader society. This thesis explores the claim by investigating influences of two Swedish eco-villages through two spheres: individual and whole eco-village project basis-influence. The study finds that living in the eco-villages helped the residents to reinforce their environmental behaviours. Also both projects had an indirect impact on the housing companies and the municipalities in light of knowledge building and inspiration. However, there was little evidence that ideas and techniques from the eco-villages were adopted by the higher institutional levels. The findings indicate a need for linking grassroots urban projects to municipal programmes.

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Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF2B4.pdf: 12026340 bytes, checksum: 16437a994c076bdb093c1deb25b9725f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Eco-villages are considered models of intentional communities or sustainable communities and have been incorporated by the United Nations in the Sustainable Communities Development Programme (SCDP) as a human scale settlement. They are characterized by human activities being integrated in a non-damaging way into the natural world in such a way as to give support to healthy human development so as to be able to continue indefinitely into the future. This text assesses the extent to which a project to create the Eco-village for Simple Living in Itamonte - Minas Gerais' is successful, based on the concepts of sustainability and local development succeeds, by examining the indicators and attributes that are able to be measured in the planning phase, describing the stages and discussions of the project, as well as assessing the members 'perception of 'the concepts of the Eco-village', 'sustainability' and 'local development'. Subsequent analysis of the degree of sustainability (ecological, social, economic, spacial and cultural / spiritual) and local development, based on the social economy, demonstrated the presence of a number of aspects used to support, guide, discuss, plan and implement actions in the creation of the Eco-village being studied. This work could be used as a guide to Eco-villages during the planning phase, indicating the importance of the concepts studied, especially for some communities which are self-proclaimed 'Eco-villages' but which in fact do not show even the slightest structural aspects which would describe them as such, like solidarity in the relations between participants, or construction oriented with a view to the precepts of environmental preservation. ' / As ecovilas são consideradas modelos de comunidades intencionais ou comunidades sustentáveis e foram incorporadas pelas Nações Unidas no Programa de Desenvolvimento de Comunidades Sustentáveis (SCDP), como um assentamento de escala humana completamente caracterizado onde as atividades estão integradas ao mundo natural de maneira não danosa e de tal forma que dêem apoio ao desenvolvimento humano saudável e que se possa continuar indefinidamente ao futuro. O texto avalia até que ponto um projeto fundamenta-se nos constructos de sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento local para formação da Ecovila Viver Simples em Itamonte - Minas Gerais, analisando os indicadores e atributos que são possíveis mensurar na fase de planejamento, descrevendo as fases e debates do projeto, além de avaliar a percepção dos membros sobre os conceitos de ecovila, sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento local. Constatou-se após análise das dimensões da sustentabilidade (ecológica, social, econômica, espacial e cultural/espiritual) e do desenvolvimento local, fundamentado em economia solidária, a presença de inúmeros aspectos utilizados para fundamentar, orientar, discutir, planejar e executar ações na formação da Ecovila estudada. Acredita-se que esse trabalho possa orientar ecovilas na fase de projeto, apontando a importância dos constructos estudados, sobretudo para algumas comunidades, que se autointitulam ¿ecovilas¿, mas que na verdade não desenvolvem sequer aspectos minimamente estruturados que as caracterizem como tal, como relações solidárias entre seus participantes, ou construção orientada atendendo aos preceitos de preservação ambiental.

目前臺灣農村面臨許多的問題，設立「生態村」結合農村社區總體營造與生態旅遊，可以同時兼顧農業生產、農村生活、以及生態保育「三生」的功能，為臺灣的農村社區，指引出一條不一樣的發展途徑。南投縣埔里鎮桃米社區在結合觀光服務業與自然生態資源，轉型成為「桃米生態休閒農業村」之後，為該社區居民保有優美、豐富的生態資源並且帶來了更多的經濟收入。 臺灣生態村的類型，可分為(一)著重建築規劃設計、(二)著重社區整體規劃、(三)兼具建築技術與社區規劃，以及(四)既有農村社區轉型而成之類型，目前許多農村地區「生態村」的經營模式，多以休閒農業及發展生態旅遊為規劃方向，因此較著重於生態保育以及社區整體規劃。未來，生態村除了著重於自然環境資源的保育之外，亦可加強生態建築的規劃，營造一個重視保育、循環與低負荷的社區環境。 環境資源所具有的總價值基本上可分為「使用價值」與「非使用價值」兩種，使用價值是實際使用資源所產生的價值，而非使用價值係目前沒有使用資源所具有的價值。通常在評估環境資源的方法有(一)特徵價格法、(二)旅行成本法、(三)條件評估法，三種評估方法，而評估非使用價值目前僅有條件評估法而供使用，當然條件評估法不可避免地存有缺點，但目前國內外實證研究仍多視條件評估法為可行之方法，因此本研究係採用條件評估法探求桃米生態村之非使用價值。 桃米生態村的轉型經驗，可謂兼具天時、地利、人和，在社區居民、專家團體以及政府的共同努力，將農村社區做一、二、三級產業的垂直整合，透過居民參與，凝聚社區向心力與歸屬感，共同致力於桃米社區的發展，不僅創造了社區三級產業的收入，更可達到生態保育的效果，此實例可供許多農村社區做為社區轉型的參考依據。 在建立非使用價值評估步驟之後，依順序逐步完成問卷調查，本研究同時分析單界二元Probit與Logit模型，以及完整決策Tobit模型，最後採Tobit模型的估計結果，受訪者每戶每年願意支付桃米生態村的「存在價值」為363.98元；「選擇價值」為328.63元；而「遺贈價值」則為548.53元。