<p> An important problem existing in Canada today is that of unequal regional economic development. It is a basic problem of some regions having more and other regions having less. </p> <p> In a country where economic growth is quite often viewed as an accumulation of regional economies, it is important to identify the inequalities that exist between and within these regions. Of the numerous forms of economic disparities, income is generally considered the most prevalent. </p> <p> The majority of research performed on this topic of regional income disparities tends to deal with either regional productivity levels or regional income distribution and redistribution. </p> <p> This study however, is concerned with disposable income levels that exist throughout and within Canada's regions, in an attempt to determine that the quality of life is not equitable across these regional boarders. The main observations of the study were that, definite disparities exist not only between Canada's regions but, within them as well. Also, that metropolitan areas of the country experience a better quality of life, based on calculated welfare statistics, than do non-metropolitan areas. Finally, it was evident that Canada's economic disparities in most recent years have remained relatively constant. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Yes / This chapter examines the conceptual and measurement issues involving financial inclusion. Rest of the chapter is organised as follows. Section 2 defines the concept of financial inclusion. Section 3 briefly discusses the barriers to financial inclusion. The next section outlines measurement issues and data sources involving financial inclusion. Finally, the last section of the study concludes.

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Regional growth literature indicates that the relations between the core and the peripheral regions, and the process by which growth is transmitted between regions are of prime importance in discussing growth disparities. Northeastern Ontario is a peripheral region, economically subordinate to the Ontario core region, and exhibits adverse growth conditions. Diversification of the region's resource dependent economy has been called for by many groups but has been hindered by the perception of higher manufacturing production costs. However, these costs have not been investigated. In this thesis, Northeastern Ontario centers' factor costs in manufacturing are compared with core centers' costs by utilizing a cost accounting method. The results indicate that some Northeastern locations may be cost attractive locations. However, low costs derived for Toronto would indicate continued manufacturing concentration in the principle centers of the core region. When costs are calculated for hypothetical firms, the importance of the factor requirement structure is indicated in determining location. Northeastern locations would be attractive to firms with large land, and low labour requirements. If future analyses verify these results, alternative explanations of the development problem of the Northeast should be explored. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

No / The role of an effective regulatory regime in promoting economic growth and development has generated considerable interest among researchers and practitioners in recent years. In particular, building effective regulatory structures in developing countries is not simply an issue of the technical design of the most appropriate regulatory instruments, it is also concerned with the quality of supporting regulatory institutions and capacity. This paper explores the role of state regulation using an econometric model of the impact of regulation on growth. The results based on two different techniques of estimation suggest a strong causal link between regulatory quality and economic performance.

Yes / Purpose – The four Asian tigers, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan (also called Four Dragons) experienced miraculous high growth rates in the pre-1990s period and rapidly transformed their economic status from less developed “basket cases” to developed high-income countries gaining entry to the rich OECD club of countries. These countries even in the post-1990s, barring few years, have continued to grow further and are an inspiring role model for the newly emerging economies. The purpose of this paper is to adduce certain trends in these countries since the 1990s and specifically examine role of human capital and knowledge building, productivity convergence and intra-regional trade in the Asian tigers’. The authors examine these in the context of India. Design/methodology/approach – The paper in a simple descriptive yet analytical approach explores the relevance of above factors in the Indian context. Findings – The study observed that India ranks far below the Asian tigers in the knowledge economy index (KEI). The results at the sub-national level showed large disparities across the states in knowledge economy reflecting country’s difficulties in catching up with other countries overall. Regarding labour productivity, the results show that India was moving away from the benchmark country until 1990 ( pre-reform period) and started catching up particularly due to physical capital (not necessarily human capital) since 1995 onwards. Originality/value – The study is unique due to several reasons. First, it contributes to the literature examining contemporaneous Asian tigers and Indian economies performance as not many studies exist in this area. Second, the study also builds a unique first ever KEI at the sub-national level for India and is, therefore, a contribution in this respect. Finally, the study also contributes to the literature on Indian economic development.

Yes / A number of studies have explored the factors influencing financial development. Among them are national legal origin, settler mortality hypothesis, institutional factors, political factors, macroeconomic policies including capital account openness, social capital and also cultural factors. The relationship between financial development, human capital and economic growth, although acknowledged in the theoretical literature remains less explored at the empirical level. In this study we examine interaction between financial development, human capital and economic growth. The study aims to understand and examine how financial development is related to human capital accumulation and economic growth in a unified framework. In a cross-country panel data context using rigourous econometric techniques we examine these questions.

Yes / Although at the national level the relationship between financial development, human capital and economic growth has received some attention, this is largely an under-researched area at the sub-national level. Human capital may impact economic growth through the channel of innovation and along with financial development could be complementary or substitute in their relationship to economic growth. Also, human capital investment, enabled by the financial sector development, not only affects growth but also directly and indirectly affects poverty reduction through the channel of growth. In this study we examine the interaction between financial development, human capital and economic growth at the sub-national level using panel datasets covering 23 states of India for the period 1999-2013. Our analysis suggests that there is evidence of positive relationship between human capital and financial development to economic growth.