The paper deals with the comparison of the japanese and the german model of capitalism and the search for the answer to the question asking if these two models are becomming closer to each other thanks to globalization or not. The research is based on work with historical sources, reports published by international organizations and also articles available on the Internet. The first chapter defines the term of economic policy and globalization and describes historical development of japanese and german economy. The second chapter describes development between the world wars. In the third chapter I focus on the World War II and its influence on the economy of both states. The final chapter follows the development from the 70s of the 20th century to nowadays. At the end of each chapter I summarize the main features of both states in the researched period that enable me to answer the main question of my work.

The thesis studies directions of changes which might take place in economic policy of Republic of Kazakhstan under unification of economic policies caused by creation of integration structures with Belarus and Russia. It concentrates on investigation of supposed "macroeconomic convergence" between Kazakhstan and Russia, the aim of the thesis, thus, was to find out whether there is an increasing convergence among the chosen indicators and economic ratios as time passes by, and how strong this increasing trend is. Applying correlation analysis and causality test for a number of macroeconomic indicators helped to determine that convergence takes place. The directions for changes in macroeconomic policies were determined by adding the analysis of different assessments of integration consequences, mainly in external trade, and migration and labor market regulation.

This thesis presents an empirical analysis of direct foreign investments in manufacturing in Hong Kong. The analysis is based upon two main data sources - Hong Kong government statistics and a questionnaire survey conducted in March 1979. The data collected are put together to provide a comprehensive picture of the investment pattern of the foreign manufacturers and to pinpoint their economic significance to Hong Kong. Their operational characteristics as well as their motives and needs are also explored to give better insights into their activities and to test the validity of direct foreign investment theories. Hong Kong has an extremely liberal economic policy and there is very little government intervention in private business activities. This policy is extended to its treatment of foreign investment. The outstanding feature is that it does not differentiate between foreign and local corporations. Consequently, there is no special restriction on foreign investment, but neither is any concession given. Foreign investors find this policy most agreeable. There is intensive and diversified foreign investment interest in Hong Kong. With the only exception of manufacturing, foreign investors now hold dominating positions in all major economic sectors. The number of foreign manufacturers comprises only about one percent of the total number of manufacturing establishments in Hong Kong, but their contributions in terms of providing industrial employment and exports are approximately ten times as much. More significantly, their investments have helped Hong Kong very much in its efforts to upgrade and diversify its industries. They are an important agent for transferring technology into Hong Kong. Foreign investors in manufacturing have come mostly from the U.S., Japan, Western Europe and Asian Pacific countries. The industries in which they have invested most are electronics, textiles, chemical products and electrical products. Foreign investments in manufacturing in Hong Kong are mostly of the export oriented type. There are close links in management, production and marketing established between the foreign manufacturers and their overseas affiliates indicating that their operations are integrated. Furthermore, foreign manufacturers appear to have a higher degree of sophistication and diversification in their production and marketing operations than their local counterparts. A comparison between U.S. and Japanese investment characteristics shows that four out of five hypothetical propositions derived from theoretical U.S. and Japanese foreign investment models are supported. There is enough evidence to indicate that the industries in which Japanese corporations invested are different and are technologically less advanced, that Japanese manufacturing operations are more labour intensive, that Japanese firms use unadapted home country technology more often and that Japanese firms export back to Japan a greater proportion of their sales than U.S. firms do to the U.S. The only one of the hypotheses examined which cannot be supported is that there is a higher incidence of minority holdings and joint ventures being used by Japanese manufacturers. In Hong Kong, both the U.S. and Japanese manufacturers have a strong preference for majority or full ownership. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

The paper is dedicated to analysis of factors having direct influence on the business cycle of the Czech economy in the previous decade. Indicators for surveillance were chosen not only to inform about current development of the economy but were also chosen such indicators that provide direct news about the status. These both groups were matched and analysed and interlinked in order to get a complex review. The paper comprises a benchmark of the central European region of Visegrad Four -- Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary which enables to assess Czech economy in a broader context.

This paper deals with Viceroy Toledo’s governing plan and the modern concepts of development. It is a review of Viceroy Toledo’s plan genesis from 1568’s Junta Magna, the Toledo’s trip over the Andes and the final establishment of his two main economic policy pillars: the mita and the technological process —using mercury for extracting silver from the ore—. / Este trabajo se refiere al plan de gobierno del virrey Toledo y los modernos conceptos de desarrollo. Es una revisión de la génesis de ese Plan desde la Junta Magna de 1568, su viaje a través de los Andes y el establecimiento final de los dos principales pilares de la política económica: la mita y el proceso tecnológico —utilización de mercurio para extraer la plata del mineral—.

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The popularity of natural rubber as an important raw material was distorted in the post-World War Two period. It received heavy competition from synthetic rubber. The main purpose of this paper is to determine and to study supply elasticity and demand elasticity of natural rubber in the case of Malaysia. The main aim of analyzing the period since 1971 is that both price and quality competitiveness of Malaysian natural rubber have drastically improved. Therefore, in order for Malaysia to maintain her position as the leading producer and exporter of natural rubber in the world, supportive policies and incentives from the government would further enhance the prospects for improvements in this industry.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is determining the viability of economic development in the oil and natural gas sector in Bahrain since its independence in August 1971, and the changing role of the government in shaping oil policies and managing downstream operations. This inquiry emphasizes the importance of cooperation and coordination in the oil industry among the Arab Gulf States. This study concludes that Bahrain's economy is passing through and era which will have one of two possible endings: one will protect the independence of the country and promote cooperation with the other Arab Gulf States as a transitional stage toward a board regional unity; the other will lead Bahrain to become a commercial outlet for Saudi Arabia.