O objetivo desta Tese é mostrar alguns aspectos - considerados essenciais - da elaboração das políticas gerais e macroeconômicas durante o período dos governos militares no Brasil recente (1964-1985). Tais aspectos são: a) a governabilidade da política econômica é possível, dadas certas pré-condições gerais; b) a equipe governante, portanto, é responsável por completo pelos efeitos das relações internas-externas na economia local; c) a ordem política, a ausência de contestação, a reforma adequada das instituições, etc., são elementos capazes de garantir a governabilidade e o crescimento econômico; d) o projeto de longo prazo de uma equipe competente e que parta da premissa (c) é factível, assegurando um desenvolvimento harmonioso, com bem estar, crescimento e melhor distribuição de renda. No debate de tais aspectos, buscou-se argumentar a favor e em desfavor das referidas premissas, comparando a prática das mesmas com seus resultados na área econômica. Verificada semelhante comparação, pode-se concluir que os elaboradores da política econômica e geral do período em referência não foram melhor sucedidos que seus similares outros em circunstâncias anteriores ou posteriores. Dessa forma, pode-se entender que o discurso por eles elaborado não oferecia uma garantia de que houvesse um conhecimento particular ou um saber fazer administrativo capaz de levar a êxitos novos ou duradouros na situação histórica brasileira. Apesar de suas pré-condições de poder absoluto - sem similar na história local anteriormente - os resultados obtidos foram bastante modestos. Sua principal ferramenta como regime foi o apelo à poupança externa, que chegou a atingir no fim do período do governo militar, ao montante na dívida externa de 107 bilhões de dólares. Na verdade, o ensinamento de política geral que foi deixado pelo período em referência para criar-se uma política econômica adequada pode ser indicado como a preferência pelos métodos democráticos de governo, onde - sem promessas mirabolantes - é possível aos governados avaliar periodicamente as políticas adotadas no jogo do poder. / The object of this doctoral dissertation is to show some aspects - here considered to be essential ones - of the process of elaborating the general and macroeconomic policies during the period of the military governments in recent Brazil (1964-1985). Such aspects are: a) the easy going of economic policy is possible, since certain preconditions are made available; b) the ruling group, however, is fully responsible by the effects of internal-external relationships into the local economy; (c) the political order, the absence of protest, an adequate reform of the institutions, etc, are elements able to assure the good government and economic growth; (d) the long run project produced by a clever team of management, according to precondition (c) is then a fact, in order to assure a harmonic development, welfare, growth and a better income distribution. When questioning such referred aspects, we tried to argue in favour and against of such considered premises, in order to compare the practicing of them with their results in the economic area. Such comparison allowed to conclude that the policy makers in the period were not especially better in success than others policy makers that preceded or succeeded them. So, we can understand that the discourse they produced do not brought with it some guarantee of a particular kind of knowledge or any kind of managerial know-how able to new advances in the Brazilian historical situation. Despite of all the absolute power and its preconditions - without any previous similitude in the local history - the results which were achieved showed to be short in run. The dictatorship main tool was the recourse of external savings, which produced a foreign debt in 1985 about 107 billion of north american dollars - in fact, the best teaching of general policy which we can learn from that period to obtain an adequate economic policy is the habit to prefer the democratic way of government. In this form, it is possible to common citizens evaluate periodically the adapted policies in rule of the power games.

Victor Cheung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 1-[9] (2nd & 3rd group)). / THE RISE OF THE PRC'S NEW POLICY CONCERNING DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AS A NEW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.4 / Chapter 2. --- BACKGROUND / "Development of direct foreign investment in China, 1842-1949" --- p.9 / "PRC's policy concerning direct foreign investment, 1949-1977" --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- FACTORS IN THE RISE OF THE NEW POLICY / Chapter 1) --- "Political change, 1976-78" --- p.38 / Chapter 2) --- Increasing emphasis on technology importation --- p.43 / Chapter 3) --- Restructuring of the economy --- p.57 / Chapter 4) --- New attitude towards foreign powers --- p.63 / Chapter 5) --- Need for managerial modernization --- p.68 / Chapter 4. --- INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE NEW POLICY / Introduction of the new policy --- p.78 / Technology Acquisition --- p.89 / Managerial modernization --- p.92 / "Increase of investment, export, employment, and revenue" --- p.96 / Some constraints on the new policy's design --- p.101 / Chapter 5. --- CONCLUSION --- p.111

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Lau Lai Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Issues --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Contributions --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Overview of Guangdong --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Geography --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Openness --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Fiscal Decentralization --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Literature Review --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1 --- Literature on Economic Growth and Interregional Disparities --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Literature on Inter-regional Disparities in China --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Methodology --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- Two concepts of convergence --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2 --- Growth Equation --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Estimation Issues --- p.39 / Chapter 5.1 --- Panel Data Estimation --- p.39 / Chapter 5.2 --- Other Econometric Issues --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Estimation Results --- p.47 / Chapter 6.1 --- σ-convergence --- p.47 / Chapter 6.2 --- Unconditional β-Convergence --- p.49 / Chapter 6.3 --- Estimation of the Growth Equation and Conditional β-Convergence --- p.50 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary and Interpretation of Major Findings --- p.58 / Chapter 6.5 --- Guangdong's Intra-provincial Disparities in Light of the Empirical Results --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion and Policy Implications --- p.64 / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of Salient Findings --- p.64 / Chapter 7.2 --- Policy Implications --- p.65 / Appendix I --- p.71 / Appendix II --- p.73 / Appendix III --- p.75 / Tables --- p.78 / Figures --- p.91 / Bibliography --- p.96

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This thesis aims to ascertain the pivotal issues that are of most significance for economic development in regional Australia. To understand these issues, it is necessary to understand prevailing economic development theories which have been traditionally considered in a nation’s policymaking. A review of a wide range of theories revealed that no single theory or set of theories provides desired outcomes from the perspective of long-term economic development of a nation given its existing structure. Researchers and policymakers throughout the world are engaged in searching for suitable options, and the ‘regional economic development with local planning’ approach for regional policymaking has been identified as a suitable option for a developed nation. The tested hypothesis of this thesis indicates that to help accelerate a smooth long-term development process of regional Australia, a suitably designed local planning approach is necessary. Simultaneously, providing an improved coordination mechanism is vital. Establishing an independent regional institutional setup throughout regional Australia should be given greater consideration as a priority issue / Master of Commerce (Hons)

This thesis addresses a significant gap in Australian social policy literature about the relationship between the impact of economic rationalism on social policy and interest representation during policy implementation. Michael Pusey, for instance, argues that economic rationalism displaces social values in social policy. However, other theorists, such as Robert Alford and Rod Rhodes, caution that policy often changes when it is implemented. With a foundation in Weberian social theory about participant values, the analytical framework incorporates three institutional policy implementation concepts to capture the dynamic characteristics of the policy process. These are: policy stages to describe policy change over time; structural interests of policy organisations; and policy networks within which participants act. The thesis tests this framework to explain the impact of values of economic rationality in the Australian coordinated care policy. The policy attempted to coordinate the care of people with chronic care needs, using a funds pool, case managers and care plans. The research methods are interviews with policy participants; analysis of public documents; and participant observation as an evaluator in one trial. Data about the policy process from 1994 to 2001 are analysed with a critical interpretive approach. The study reveals that central agency officials acted primarily on values of economic rationality. In contrast, health agency officials acted primarily on organisational values. The transfer of responsibility for the policy process from a central agency to the health agency after the policy statements reinforced health provider organisational interests, rather than either the rationalist interests of central agencies or the social interests of consumer groups. The policy consequently changed away from economic rationality. The policy process in the planning, implementation and revision stages was in no sense an instrumental application of the values of economic rationality apparent in the policy statements stage. Neither, however, did social values predominate in any policy stage. The study argues that insights from policy implementation research can refine the literature on economic rationalism. This research further advances policy network theory. It recognises that understanding which organisation is responsible for the policy, at various policy stages, advances our understanding of whose values shape social policy.

This thesis examines the characteristics of market microstructure on the Chinese stock exchanges (the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange ) Analysis is based on using intraday 5-minute data covering a three-year period (2000 to 2002). The study focuses on empirical analysis and statistical testing of the Chinese Stock Market in three parts. Overall, the study suggests that the determinant of information asymmetries, through time and across traders, plays a key role in generating observed liquidity variations. The observed results are contradictory to the findings of Lamoureux and Lastrapes (1990) but in accordance with those of Rahman , Lee and Ang (2002). / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Economics and Finance)

The debate over the role and the size of state activity in public economics remains controversial despite more than a century of active research. As a result, several explanations have been suggested to explain the expansion of the size of the public economy and a large amount of literature has been produced. In the late 19th century, the German economist Adolph Wagner predicted that economic development would be accompanied by a relative growth in the public sector. This thesis argues that the way the Wagner Hypothesis has been interpreted in the existing literature has been incomplete both on theoretical and empirical grounds. Data shows that the independent variable is an important determinant of the growth of government share in income. This result is generally consistent with the WH and lends support to the logistic and the Gompertz processes of government growth. Following discussion, the principal conclusion is that the rise of the share of government expenditure in income in the cross section sample of 88 countries can be partly explained by the changes in the levels of real GDP per capita for those countries. The thesis concludes with a discussion of some of the implications of these results and suggestions for further research. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)