Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 286 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Magister Legum - LLM / Under the United Nations Charter, the Security Council may decide what measures, not involving the use of armed force, are to be employed to give effect to its decisions and may call upon member States to apply such measures in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.2 One of the measures that can be decided on is sanctions. Sanctions have, to a large extent, been imposed to defend human rights. Economic sanctions were commonly believed to be a mechanism that was a humane alternative to war. During the last decade, the Security Council has applied economic sanctions in several cases that, in turn, have drawn the attention of different United Nations human rights bodies and mechanisms to their possible impact on the enjoyment of human rights.3 Fundamentally, any economic sanctions programme's main objective is to induce dysfunction in the trade and financial systems of the target State. / South Africa

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-285).

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Harold Trinkunas, Archie Barrett. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73, 75-79). Also available online.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-126). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

For a variety of reasons since 1979, the United States of America has severed all political ties and retreated to a policy of enacting economic sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Such reasons include security concerns and human rights abuses. Historical research and surveys of economic data suggest that the sanctions have had limited effectiveness on the Iranian economy. Furthermore, the increasing tension between the United States and Iran caused by sanctions would also suggest that the latter is unlikely to curb its foreign policy to suit the interests of the U.S. My research indicates that despite the current malady of issues that define the American-Iranian relationship today, a once prosperous and peaceful partnership existed between the two countries only a short time ago. In conclusion, it will be shown that both countries would be financially and militarily better off if sanctions were eased and their peaceful partnership might be restored.

Resumo: O Muro de Berlim, além de simbolizar a divisão da Alemanha Ocidental e da Oriental, também personificou a cisão do mundo em Leste e Oeste durante a Guerra Fria (1946-89), período em que o mundo ficou repartido em áreas de influência dos EUA e da URSS. Sua queda representa não apenas o ato inicial da reunificação da Alemanha Ocidental e da Oriental como marca o fim da separação do mundo em Leste e Oeste. Essa estrutura bipolar só se desfez com o fim da Guerra Fria tendo os EUA como vencedores e a URSS como derrotadas. A globalização, termo ligado às transformações no sistema econômico internacional resultante do aprofundamento das relações entre os atores, só pode ser percebida quando se avaliam seus efeitos num conjunto de mudanças em diversas áreas como a cultural, a política e a social. Todas essas transformações constatadas pelas relações internacionais dentro do processo de interdependência complexa ganharam nova dimensão. Não demorou muito para que o propalado nascimento de uma nova ordem mundial fizesse renascer a perspectiva de que o direito internacional tomaria forma, ganharia peso e seria notado como um sistema jurídico. A ONU parecia recuperar o espaço vital para garantir a paz e a segurança internacionais. A efemeridade dessas suposições logo se anunciou quando se levantaram as cortinas que cerravam o cenário do Oriente Médio revelando quão prematuro era o otimismo a respeito do engrandecimento do sistema internacional. O Emirado do Kuwait foi invadido e ocupado pelo Iraque dando início à Guerra do Golfo (1991). Por sua vez, o Conselho de Segurança respondeu a essa ofensiva estabelecendo, por meio de resoluções, uma série jamais vista de sanções econômicas internacionais. Usualmente, essas medidas são vistas como o meio termo... (Resumo completo, clicar aceeo eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Berlin Wall, and symbolize the division of East and West Germany, also embodied the split the world into East and West during the Cold War (1946-89), during which the world was divided into areas of USA and the USSR influence. His fall is not only the initial act of reunification of East and West Germany as separate marks the end of the world into East and West. This bipolar structure only broke with the Cold War with the USA as winner and the USSR as defeated. Globalization, a term linked to changes in the international economic system resulting from the deepening of relations between actors, can only be seen when evaluating its effects in a number of changes in various areas such as cultural, political and social. All these changes observed in international relations in the process of complex interdependence gained a new dimension. It did not take long for the birth of a vaunted new world order did revive the view that international law would take shape, gain weight and be noticed as a legal system. The UN seemed to regain the living space to ensure international peace and security. The ephemerality of these assumptions was soon announced when the curtains were closing up the landscape of the Middle East was revealing how early optimism about the advancement of the international system. The Emirate of Kuwait was invaded and occupied Iraq by beginning the Gulf War (1991). In turn, the Security Council responded to this attack by establishing, through resolutions, an unprecedented series of economic sanctions. Usually, these measures are seen as the middle ground between war and peace, strength and endurance, armed conflict and pending diplomatic, violence and nonviolence. They were unable... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: José Antonio Segatto / Coorientador: Karina Lilia Pasquariello Mariano / Banca: Luiz Antonio Soares Hentz / Banca: Agnaldo de Souza Barbosa / Banca: Alessandro Hirata / Banca: Marcelo Santos / Doutor

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted