Ce travail de recherche propose d’étudier les inégalités de santé et de recours aux soins entre la population native et la population immigrée. Une attention particulière est portée au rôle du capital social, qui suppose une influence des réseaux sociaux ou des interactions sociales sur l'état de santé et le recours aux soins. Nous adoptons une approche micro-économétrique et construisons notre réflexion autour de trois thèmes : (i) la mise en évidence des inégalités de santé et de recours aux soins liées à l’immigration, (ii) la compréhension des mécanismes qui génèrent ces inégalités, et enfin (iii) l’évaluation de l’impact causal du capital social sur l’état de santé et le recours aux soins des immigrés. En termes de politiques publiques, l’analyse des mécanismes générant les inégalités incite à penser que plusieurs leviers d’action sont envisageables. Compte tenu du rôle protecteur du capital social sur la santé, le développement d’actions de proximité spécifiques apparaît nécessaire pour accroître l’insertion sociale et le soutien social des personnes immigrées. L’importance de la couverture complémentaire santé dans la détermination des inégalités témoigne ensuite, de la nécessité de simplifier l’accès aux droits à l’Aide Médicale d’État et à la Couverture Maladie Universelle afin de favoriser la prévention et l’accès aux soins des personnes immigrées / The objective of this research is the study of health and health care use inequalities between immigrant and native populations. A special attention is focused on the role played by social capital, which supposes an influence of social networks or social interactions on health and health care utilisation. In using a micro-econometric framework, our analysis is based on three topics: (i) the emphasis of health or health care use inequalities related to immigration, (ii) the understanding of the contributory factors that generate inequalities, and (iii) the evaluation of the causal impact of social capital on immigrant health and health care use. From a public policy perspective, the analysis of the determinants of health inequalities shows that several types of action could be envisaged. Given the protective role played by social capital on health status, the development of specific neighbourhood actions would seem relevant in improving immigrants’ social inclusion and social support. The prominent role of complementary health care coverage also gives evidence of the need to simplify access to Sate Medical Assistance and mean-tested health insurance so as to favour health prevention and access to health care for immigrants

How do voters navigate the intersection between democracy and capitalism? Citizens have the opportunity to directly decide upon policies that shape their state's economy through market regulatory ballot measures; however, the role of voters in this key intersection and policy making-mechanism has been largely overlooked. Models of reasoning and decision-making in the voting literature have primarily developed from rational choice theory. These models identify conditions under which self-interest and partisanship influence voter choice and policy attitude formation. To extend this literature to voter reasoning on market regulatory measures, I examined how variation in voter choice and reasoning corresponded with variation in social indicators of self-interest and partisanship, both of which are foundational individual-level processes for capitalism and democracy, respectively. In order to carry out this analysis I conducted semi-structured interviews with 120 respondents about how they voted on four market regulatory ballot measures that appeared on the Arizona state ballot from 2008-2012 related to narcotic decriminalization and medicalization, education funding, immigration and labor markets, and consumer protection. Drawing from contemporary models of voter reasoning, I selected self-interest and partisanship as independent variables for this analysis and then examined how variation in these variables corresponded with variation in voter choice. I subsequently used my qualitative data to investigate how voters used narratives of self-interest and partisan values to reason about these four market regulatory ballot measures. I supplemented my qualitative analysis by investigating voter use of beliefs from non-partisan economic philosophies in their reasoning on these measures. To my knowledge, voter reasoning related to market regulatory ballot measures has yet to be studied and therefore my analysis required holding key factors (such as gender, race, and ethnicity) constant in order to limit sources of variation in voter choice and reasoning.

Le travail s'est concentré sur la mesure des valeurs des isotopes stables du carbone (δ13C) et de l'azote (δ15N) dans un groupe de 189 adultes des deux sexes et 74 animaux. Le groupe étudié était représenté par différents ensembles de populations (les centres du pouvoir vs. l’arrière-pays) et périodes : la Grande-Moravie (IXe – Xe siècles) et la période de « late Hillfort » (XIe siècle). L'analyse a également concerné un groupe d’immatures âgés de moins de six ans. Les données isotopiques du groupe des adultes indiquent que l'alimentation de la population de la Grande-Moravie était basée sur les ressources terrestres riches en plantes dites en C4. Des différences dans la proportion des protéines animales ont été observées au niveau de l'alimentation des habitants des centres et de leur arrière-pays. Des modifications diachroniques ont été observées au niveau de l'alimentation – l'alimentation du groupe de la période de late Hillfort était caractérisée par une consommation significative de plantes en C4. Les données isotopiques du groupe des immatures indiquent que la population de la Grande-Moravie ne connaissait aucune norme obligatoire pour la durée de l'allaitement maternel. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent que la société de la Grande-Moravie présentait un taux élevé de stratification socio-économique. Les changements diachroniques observés indiquent que malgré le développement apparent de la population au XIe siècle, la qualité des conditions de vie accuse une aggravation par rapport à la période de la Grande-Moravie. Les statistiques ont démontré l'impact de la qualité de l'alimentation sur l'état de la dentition de la population de la Grande-Moravie. / In this study carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic values were measured in a sample of 189 adult individuals of both sexes and 74 animals representing different socio-economic contexts (power centers versus the hinterlands) and chronology: the Great Moravian (9th -10th century AD) versus late Hillfort (11th century AD) period. A sample of 41 sub-adults aged 0–6 years was also selected for isotopic analyses.Isotopic data of the adult sample showed that the Great Moravian population had a terrestrial diet with a substantial proportion of C4 plants. Dietary analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the consumption of animal protein between power centers and the hinterlands. Diachronic changes in the diet were observed: the diet of the 11th century sample was characterized by higher consumption of C4 plants.For sub-adults, the isotopic results suggested there was not solely one established norm for the duration of breastfeeding in the Great Moravian population. These results confirmed that Great Moravia represented a highly stratified society socio-economically. The diachronic change in dietary behavior suggested that even after the apparent recovery in the 11th century, Moravian society did not reach its original level of welfare. The quality of diet significantly influenced dental health in the Great Moravian population sample.

We studied the dietary behavior and health status of a population that lived in the context of rapid change, including the development of the economic and political structures of states, the adoption of Christianity as well as the subsequent disruption of social structure and the recovery of society. Carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotopic values were measured in a sample of 189 adult individuals of both sexes and 74 animals representing different socio-economic contexts (power centers versus the hinterlands) and chronology: the Great Moravian (9th -10th century AD) versus late Hillfort (11th century AD) period. A sample of 41 sub-adults aged 0-6 years, representative of both Great Moravian power centers (Mikulčice) and its rural hinterlands (Josefov), was selected for isotopic analyses of breastfeeding and weaning behavior. Data on growth and frequency of nonspecific stress indicators (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and endocranial lesions) were analyzed in a sub-adult group. In adults, we focused on dental health (caries, periapical lesions, dental wear, and periodontal disease), the presence of cribra orbitalia and estimated adult stature. Isotopic data of the adult sample showed that the Great Moravian population had a terrestrial diet with a substantial proportion of C4 plants....

This phenomenological case study explores the college and career readiness (CCR) and postsecondary trajectories of six African American youth, 18 to 20 years of age, who attended or graduated from a northeastern urban school district during 2021 to 2022. Drawing on social reproduction theory and critical race theory, interviews, school, district and demographic data were examined to understand how participants made meaning of their CCR experiences and the family, school, work, and community influences on their postsecondary trajectories. Findings demonstrated that the youth used community cultural wealth to support their education and career goals and to navigate structures and systems. However, as participants pursued their aspirations, dominant White capital (social, financial, and temporal) in education and employment structures increasingly created barriers to their goals. Participants continued to aspire toward their dreams; however, the obstacles they confronted and their ability to navigate those obstacles varied by parental educational and occupational background. In order to ready African American youth for postsecondary success, participants recommended that CCR school implementation (a) engage with students one on one and not rely on computers; (b) ready students for good-paying jobs as well as college; (c) employ caring, culturally responsive educators and staff with high expectations; (d) offer more creative and critical thinking learning experiences and a less regimented curriculum; and (e) provide support for postgraduation transition. This research has implications for social reproduction, Black habitus, caste, and intergenerational mobility. / Urban Education