The study is designed to carry out the impact of trade liberalization and globalisation on the Indian industry with the help of a case analysis of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The study is broken down into five chapters in order to carry out the process of the study systematically. The first chapter presents the background, motivation and the value of the study. Focus of chapter two, the literature review, which helps in brining out aspects associated with trade liberalisation and globalisation. Chapter three provides an overview of the Indian pharmaceutical industry with references to the global industry. An analysis of the industry against the literature developed in chapter two will be the focus of chapter four. Lastly, chapter 5 is designed to formulate recommendations for the industry, incorporating government's role. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2003.

Against a background of declining macro-economic conditions in Zimbabwe, significant challenges confront management in changing the financial performance of debt-ridden parastatals or public corporations. Chronic budget deficits, poor economic policies and mismanagement have ensured that these under capitalised companies post successive losses thus increasing the burden on the tax payer who must pay for their survival. The research study seeks to establish the strategies which management can implement to raise revenue and improve cash flows in preparation for privatisation. If the companies are to be competitive in a deregulated sector, the chosen strategies must offer quick and sustainable solutions. The shareholder's intention is to place these companies in a profitable position in order to gain maximum value from prospective investors. The recommended strategies are intended to improve financial performance of a telecommunications company confronted by a myriad of problems, which include: - • Critical shortages of foreign currency required to implement network development and maintenance programmes as well as payment of traffic handling obligations. • Competition from new entrants, • Government intention to privatise a company weighed down by a huge local and foreign debt. • An economy experiencing negative growth, high unemployment and chronic inflation. MBA-Strategic Financial Management • A population on the verge of starvation resulting from food shortages created by badly implemented land policy and drought conditions afflicting Zimbabwe and Southern Africa in general. The study focuses on key processes that create improvements in revenue and cash flow generation in the short to medium term. The processes are considered against a background of declining macro economic conditions and telecommunications sector deregulation. Experiences on deregulation of telecommunications sector in other countries are considered, and in Zimbabwe, the work done by BT consultants during restructuring and commercialization of the Post and Telecommunications Corporation is assessed. The study shall consider and recommend changes necessary to improve revenues and cash flows. In particular, the study shall: - • Critically review service provision for new customers, line transfers, reallocation of recovered lines, the delayed billing of connected customers and meter reading timetable for statement generation. • Consider and develop improvements in international traffic and accounting rates management in order to increase revenues, which contribute half of the company's profits. MBA-Strategic Financial Management • Assess and develop debt management strategies in order to improve cash flow and profitability. • Assess the company's cash handling procedures and recommend process improvements in order to realise the computed servings in overdraft interest or earnings arising from timely investments. • Develop a system of continuous improvement through tracking, feedback and training. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2003.

The staging of sport mega-events such as the Football or FIFA World Cup has drawn much attention from different countries, as a result they bid to host such events because of the social, economic and political positive spin-offs associated with them (Swart and Bob, 2004; Grundling and Steynberg, 2008). Deccio and Baloglu (2002) assert that sport mega-events, because of their magnitude and size, have the potential of not only impacting upon the host cities but their impacts can also be felt in the periphery of the host cities. Cornelissen and Swart (2006) specifically state that the winning of the 2010 FIFA bid presents a challenge to the South African government on delivering on its promise of improving the lives of all South Africans through hosting the 2010 event. Rural communities in South Africa remain marginalised and often impoverished. Deccio and Baloglu (2002) argue that most studies about sport mega-events focus on the host city’s resident’s perceptions and neglect the perceptions of the non-host rural communities. This study specifically assesses what rural communities and Park Managers expect (both the costs and benefits) from the 2010 event and how they are planning to use the event to their advantage. This is a particularly neglected area of research in relation to mega-events. Questionnaires were administered to 100 household respondents in two rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal (Izibukwana which is close to Durban, one of the semi-final host cities and Makhowe which is approximately 200 km away from Durban). Telephonic interviews were conducted with the Park Managers (one from Tala Private Park and another from Ezulwini Private Park, in KwaZulu-Natal). The findings of the study reveal perceptions of different stakeholder groups (rural communities and Park managers) about the upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup. The results indicates that the socioeconomic status of the respondents was low because of reasons such as high unemployment rate, lower level of education, low income level and also lack of basic services. Most of the community respondents and both Park managers indicated that the 2010 FIFA World Cup will be the best ever and leave positive legacies for South Africa. However, the Park managers indicated that they do not think that the 2010 event, since it will be a once-off event, will have any positive impacts or leave any legacies for their Parks as they are already well established ecotourism sites. The Park managers also indicated that they are not preparing for the 2010 event since they already have improved infrastructure such as accommodation areas that can cater for the visitors who will be coming for the 2010 event. Furthermore, linkages/ partnerships linked to 2010 do not exist and Park managers do not see this happening. The results also indicate that communities expect direct benefits from the 2010 FIFA World Cup. However, most community respondents indicated that they can mostly benefit directly from the 2010 event if they can establish a relationship or form partnership with their adjacent Parks. What also emerges as a critical finding is the linkages with tourism enterprises located in or in close proximity to the rural communities. It is envisaged that these linkages need to be strengthened to ensure that socio-economic opportunities related to the hosting of the World Cup are developed in rural areas. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

The present landscape presents numerous challenges for the firms operating in this 21 st century arena, as it is quite volatile. This landscape is global in nature, as the barriers to competition have been broken down between countries. The challenges of the global economy are immense. Strategic leadership emerges as the most effective way through which firms can achieve satisfactory performance in this competitive landscape. As companies attempt to sustain competitive advantage so as to maintain strategic competitiveness and earn above average returns, they need to practice effective strategic leadership. The aim of this paper is to establish how firms could use effective leadership to ensure that they are able to deal with the challenging situations facing them. Only through this, can they respond appropriately and quickly in the complex global competitive environment. The challenges facing companies of the 21 st century will be identified. Namibia Breweries Limited will be used as a case study of a firm in the developing world currently facing enormous challenges due to globalisation. Various analytical tools will be used to determine the company's competitive position. Also, the company's competitiveness will be evaluated against that of its major competitor, South African Breweries. The role strategic leadership could play to enable Namibia Breweries Limited to maintain competitiveness while facing the challenges of globalization will be established. The model by Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson will be adopted. These authors have come up with a model that highlights six critical components for effective strategic leadership. When a company's leadership effectively complete the activities called for by these components, they can become a source of competitive advantage. Furthermore, strategic leadership can be a source of competitive advantage for firms when competitors find it difficult to understand and imitate the processes involved with it. This advantage is significant, as it would enable firms to achieve strategic competitiveness. The study will establish how Namibia Breweries Limited could implement these components to achieve effective leadership, given their particular environment and the particular challenges facing them. Recommendations are made on how Namibia Breweries Limited can implement the components to improve on its competitiveness, using the proposed model. Suggestions are made with regard to what the company could do to ensure they maintain a good strategic position. The analysis indicates that the company, Namibia Breweries Limited, faces a giant in the industry. The South African Breweries presents major competition to the Namibian breweries and the leadership has a big role to play to ensure that the company maintains strategic competitiveness and is able to earn above average returns despite the major challenges it faces. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.

The essence of this dissertation is to enlighten the client on those strategic options available for a financially viable energy source and is also aimed at increasing the electricity share of the energy market, which is currently approximately 25%. This dissertation focuses on the industrial sector of the economy. Energy sources available to the Industrial sector, namely coal, diesel, illuminating paraffin, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity, were selected for this specific study and compared in eight geographic areas. These inland areas include Pretoria-Witwatersrand- Vereeniging (PWV), Bloemfontein, Pietersburg and Nelspruit, and the coastal areas include Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth and Richards Bay. As the energy cost is not the only factor influencing the total cost of using a particular energy source, the objective for this study was also to evaluate energy sources on an effective cost basis, taking account of energy price as well as indirect costs and utilization efficiencies. The typical industrial application of steam generation was selected and the costs related to using various energy sources in this application evaluated. This study also considers critical factors likely to be taken into account by consumers when choosing an energy source, or deciding on an energy conversion, which includes Demand Side Management (DSM). DSM refers to a process by which electric utilities especially Eskom, in collaboration with consumers achieve predictable and sustainable changes in electricity demand. These changes are affected through a permanent reduction in demand levels (Energy efficiency) as well as time related reduction in demand level (Load Management) / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Kwazulu-Natal, 2005.

Malaria is the one of most important diseases in the world, especially in sub-Sahara Africa. This dissertation outlines the enormous burden of the disease in terms of social and economic costs in southern Africa. This dissertation assessed the range and quality of the cost-effectiveness of malaria prevention in sub-Sahara Africa. Six studies published from 1999 to 2003 are reviewed, covering insecticide treated nets, residual spraying, chemoprophylaxis for infants and environmental management. For infants, ITNs cost from US$ 2019 - $2879 per death averted and cost $ III per DALY; chemoprophylaxis cost $ 4.1 per DALY and chemoprophylaxis plus iron cost $ 5.0 per DALY. For children, ITNs cost $ 1559 per death averted, $ 57 per DALY and $ 61 per sick child averted. For non-specific age group, ITNs cost $ 29 per infection averted, and RHS $ 9. Generally all interventions assessed are cost effective use of resources. The chemoprophylaxis is the least expensive malaria prevention among cost effective malaria prevention interventions, followed by residual spraying one round a year, residual spraying two rounds a year, insecticide treated nets with net treatment only and insecticide treated nets with net provision and treatment. There are operational, managerial and financial challenges faced these most cost-effective malaria interventions. Particularly, chemoprophylaxis is faced the tremendous drug resistance potential and is not being recommended to wide use; financial constraints and the potential delaying of children's immunity acquisition lowers the cost-effectiveness of insecticide treated nets; residual spraying is a relatively simpler, faster and cheaper method, but faces political and economic pressure of concerning environmental issues, especially the use of DDT. The integrated approach of environmental management plus residual spraying could be the most cost-effective method of malaria prevention with least adverse environment effects. However, policy makers should apply their knowledge to local conditions. Further, comprehensive education programmes are needed to gain support and understanding from local communities. This would raise the cost-effectiveness of all interventions. / Thesis (M.B.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

In view of the competition many organizations seek to survive by producing more, with fewer resources, in a shorter period of time (Pintelon and Parodi- Herz, 2008:21). Outsourcing maintenance of production assets over the years has become a popular solution of making the business efficient (Pintelon and Parodi-Herz, 2008:25). Though simple in concept, maintenance outsourcing is difficult in execution, especially in a cost-sensitive environment. There are many cases of failed maintenance outsourcing due to different reasons (Partners in Performance, 2007:1). In such cases, most companies revert to maintenance insourcing to regain control of maintenance activities. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2010.

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