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After the Great Depression of 1929--1933, the relative isolation of Mexico's economy led to the adoption of Import Substitution Industrialization. The use of this model as a development strategy meant specializing in manufactured goods under a regime of state interventionism and a closed economy. However, after many years of inward-looking policies, ISI collapsed. Moreover, with excessive public expenditures and fiscal mismanagements, Mexico's economic stability started to erode. The result was Mexico's first economic crisis, the effects of which could only be alleviated through loans from International Financial Institutions that were contingent on the implementation of defined policies. Thus, Mexico adopted the neoliberal development model as its strategy for economic growth and recovery. Under this model, trade liberalization, outward-looking policies, and state non-interventionism promised economic growth as a necessary precondition for social justice and development. Mexico's implementation of neoliberal policies, on one hand, has aided its integration into a market-oriented economy in which competitiveness, foreign investment, and technology transfers are considered as paths to economic growth and, on the other hand, has widened the gap between the rich and the poor, and has impeded sustainable development.

This study analyzes the Bangladesh Crisis by building upon previous works that have applied microeconomic theory to international relations. One of the most innovative lines of inquiry from the realist school is to study international relations through analogy with microeconomic theory. Although used to analyze conflict, war, and the workings of the international system, a strict application of microeconomic theory to interstate crises is rare. This thesis will endeavour to contribute to this linkage.

This thesis examined the economics of producing high value bio-ingredients such as chitin and carotenoprotein from shrimp processing waste in Newfoundland. The shrimp waste in the province was estimated to be at least 37000 tons annually. A survey of shrimp processing plants in the province revealed that the waste generated was relatively pure with little or no foreign material. The economic engineering approach was employed to estimate the production cost of chitin and carotenoprotein at the laboratory and pilot scale levels. At the laboratory scale where 480 kg/year of raw material (shrimp waste) was processed, the cost of chitin and carotenoprotein was found to be $159/kg and $315/kg, respectively. At the pilot scale level, the cost of chitin and carotenoprotem was estimated to be $125/kg and $244/kg, respectively based on volume of 4800 kg/year. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to establish the cost variations due to changes in the quantity of starting raw material, labor cost and cost of laboratory supplies (chemicals and enzymes). The cost of chitin and caroteinoprotein showed a decreasing trend with increasing scale of production. An expert opinion survey was conducted with a selected panel of 9 experts from the shrimp processing industry, chitin related industry, and the academic/research community to determine the potential market of the high-grade chitin/chitosan in Canada. The results showed that the health and nutraceutical industry is the most promising niche for high-grade chit in/chitosan. The survey also indicated that potential market would be high in Ontario and Quebec due to the presence of large health and nutraceutical companies in the big metropolitan areas of these regions.

Increase in profits corresponding to a one unit increase in Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) for 3 production traits and for 21 type traits were estimated from 31,123 merged "Official" first lactation records, type records and Estimated Breeding Value (EBVs) records of Canadian Holstein cows using multivariate REML and a mixed model accounting for herd and year of calving effects. The same regression model was used to estimate the same profit increases corresponding to a one unit change in EBVs from 336 merged "Non-Official" first lactation records, type records and EBV records of Canadian Holstein Cows to investigate whether purebred breeders are selecting their animals according to type and production performances while commercial producers are selecting animals that maximize their milk profits. Finally, the usefulness of DHAS cow records for increasing milk profits was investigated by comparing the average profit level of cows with "Official" milk records and their time of registration under the DHAS scheme. / Size had the largest negative impact on profits, with estimates ranging from $-$41.70 $ pm$ 6.60 to $-$26.62 $ pm$ 5.91. Chest width and fore attachment had the largest positive impact on profits, with estimates ranging from 4.30 $ pm$ 5.94 to 16.82 $ pm$ 6.00 and from 4.71 $ pm$ 3.52 to 14.57 $ pm$ 3.97 respectively. Grade cows were found to have on average lower EBVs for most type and production traits than purebred cows. However, grade and purebred cows generated similar milk profits. Finally, the efficiency of using information provided by DHAS to increase profits did not increase with the number of years of participation with DHAS.

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