published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts

CIDA, the leading Canadian agency in the area of international assistance, is responsible for approximately 78% of the country's aid budget. The Agency's mandate to "support sustainable development in developing countries, in order to reduce poverty and contribute to a more secure, equitable, and prosperous world" indicates that the Agency is concerned with social and cultural factors. However, CIDA does not have any specific mechanisms or tools such as SIA to help achieve its social and cultural sustainability goals. The objectives of this thesis were: a) to develop an analytical framework for undertaking and analysing SIA, and b) to compare CIDA's SIA-related strategies, procedures and mechanisms as they stand now to what is stated in the literature, so as to indicate how and when the Agency uses them, and also to assess their quality and effectiveness. The overarching question that constituted the pillar of this thesis was a two-pronged question: Do CIDA's strategies, procedures and mechanisms equal SIA without being SIA? And are those strategies, procedures and mechanisms adequate to cover issues that are normally dealt with through traditional SIA? This question was answered through 1) the application of the analytical framework on two proposals submitted to CIDA, and 2) an analysis of CIDA's SIA-related procedures based on the framework, key informant interviews, and a review of the literature on the Agency's policies, guidelines, and practices. Based on the literature review, the application of the analytical framework, and on the comments of the informants, the need for an SIA-type procedure for assessing social and cultural effects and impacts for CIDA funding is suggested. Such a practice might very well clarify the Agency's requirements in relation to the consideration of social and cultural factors in the development of projects. Also, it is important to stress that the process should not be reduced to a bureaucratic procedure blindly applied. CIDA could go without formulating a distinct protocol for SIA, as it already has several project planning tools and procedures that could lend themselves very well to the purpose of SIA. Indeed, the Agency's results-based management (RBM) framework could be altered so as to make it more holistic in that it would take into consideration both intended and unintended effects and impacts, and would better take into account social and cultural factors. The application of the logical framework analysis (LFA) can also be expanded to achieve similar goals. Further, the Agency could focus on developing a more integrated and comprehensive type of impact assessment that would touch on all the required types of assessments.

CIDA, the leading Canadian agency in the area of international assistance, is responsible for approximately 78% of the country's aid budget. The Agency's mandate to "support sustainable development in developing countries, in order to reduce poverty and contribute to a more secure, equitable, and prosperous world" indicates that the Agency is concerned with social and cultural factors. However, CIDA does not have any specific mechanisms or tools such as SIA to help achieve its social and cultural sustainability goals. The objectives of this thesis were: a) to develop an analytical framework for undertaking and analysing SIA, and b) to compare CIDA's SIA-related strategies, procedures and mechanisms as they stand now to what is stated in the literature, so as to indicate how and when the Agency uses them, and also to assess their quality and effectiveness. The overarching question that constituted the pillar of this thesis was a two-pronged question: Do CIDA's strategies, procedures and mechanisms equal SIA without being SIA? And are those strategies, procedures and mechanisms adequate to cover issues that are normally dealt with through traditional SIA? This question was answered through 1) the application of the analytical framework on two proposals submitted to CIDA, and 2) an analysis of CIDA's SIA-related procedures based on the framework, key informant interviews, and a review of the literature on the Agency's policies, guidelines, and practices. Based on the literature review, the application of the analytical framework, and on the comments of the informants, the need for an SIA-type procedure for assessing social and cultural effects and impacts for CIDA funding is suggested. Such a practice might very well clarify the Agency's requirements in relation to the consideration of social and cultural factors in the development of projects. Also, it is important to stress that the process should not be reduced to a bureaucratic procedure blindly applied. CIDA could go without formulating a distinct protocol for SIA, as it already has several project planning tools and procedures that could lend themselves very well to the purpose of SIA. Indeed, the Agency's results-based management (RBM) framework could be altered so as to make it more holistic in that it would take into consideration both intended and unintended effects and impacts, and would better take into account social and cultural factors. The application of the logical framework analysis (LFA) can also be expanded to achieve similar goals. Further, the Agency could focus on developing a more integrated and comprehensive type of impact assessment that would touch on all the required types of assessments. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

D.Litt.et Phil. / The Chief Directorate: Population Development which is responsible for the implementation of the Population Development Programme and the Rural Foundation, regard the community development strategy as one of the most important means of improving the quality of life of the population and especially of the farm worker. Against the above-mentioned background this study firstly draws a comparison between the levels of development of Third World inhabitants, the Third World component in South Africa and farm workers. In this regard it is concluded that the level of development of farm workers corresponds with that of Third World inhabitants, and that they are even worse off than the rest of the third World component in South Africa. Secondly, the community development strategy, which forms part of South Africa's official development policy, is being evaluated with regard to other existing international development strategies. It is concluded that the community development strategy is a potentially useful tool for the furthering of development. Lastly, a synthesis is made between the theory and practice of the community development approach, within a suggested implementation model. The implementation model (see Diagrams 1 to 4) is developed incrementally in this study according to the following three schools of thought most commonly applied in practice: Endogenous initiative,where the community acts solely on its own initiative; Exogenous initiative, where the community's latent initiative is stimulated by an outside catalyst; and Concerted initiative, where the community does have its own initiative, but needs help from outside and consequently invites the help of (for instance) a community developer.

A mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Management (in Public & Development Management) at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg / The research examines the relationship between mineral extraction and sustainable economic development of local mining communities. The research will focus specifically on Marikana within the Rustenburg Local Municipality. The research investigates the efficacy and implementation of the regulation and legislative framework relevant for the transformation of the mining industry as well as the sustainability of the local economic development. In terms of the MPRDA, mining companies are obligated to submit a social and labour plan (SLP) when applying for mining rights. The main purpose of the SLP as per the guidelines, regulation 46, is to ensure the improvement of infrastructure, poverty alleviation and community development of the host community and in the situation from which most of the labour is sourced and being addressed. The Act further prescribes that the SLP should be aligned to the municipality‟s integrated development plans (IDP). Sec 100 of the MPRDA further prescribes the development of the mining industry charter. The charter, aims at addressing the integrated sustainable LED of the host communities, the facilitation of meaningful participation of HDSA in the mining and mineral industry. This research adopts an interpretative social science approach. The design that the research took is a qualitative approach. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with eight interviewees. Participants consisted of two companies (mining house, Research Company), four policy experts from local and national government, two community representatives from the ward committee and the business forum. Secondary data is from the journals, academic writings, SLP and the IDP of the municipality. The results show there are challenges with compliance with SLP and the Charter prescripts from the mining houses, also there is a debate about mining houses‟ commitment in implementing sustainable LED as there is a view that they are only focused on small, economically unsustainable projects and that they reserve mega ii projects for white established businesses to the exclusion of black start-up companies. The view that the regulator is encouraging lack of accountability of the mining houses because of lack of applying punitive measures against non-performance is also gaining traction. The issue of lack of capacity of the regulator to monitor local projects was highlighted as a contributor to mining houses‟ noncompliance. Inadequate stakeholder engagement, lack of alignment of the SLP, IDP and the priorities of the community creates a challenge due to lack of buy in and ownership of LED projects implemented. The research found that there is a need to improve alignment of the IDP, SLP and the community's priorities, improve stakeholder engagement process and also to enforce the prescripts of the Act where there is lack of adherence. KEY WORDS: Local economic development, Social and labour plans, Integrated development plans / GR2018

A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering to the Graduate School of Engineering and the Built Environment of the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg March 2017 / Large-scale strategic ventures to build, add or improve an asset are being delivered in different sectors of industries around the world. These ventures resort to the intensive use of capital and resources and are mostly referred to as “capital projects”. Because of the large-scale nature of these capital projects, they have profound effects on their host countries, and their impact is larger than simply client and turnover, thereby influencing different areas of surrounding society. The nature and extent of this impact are (i) environmental, (ii) political, (iii) socio-economic and (iv) cultural. Amongst the socio-economic objectives is the capability to provide on-the-job training and create more job opportunities than would otherwise be possible. Recently there has been a surge of these capital projects in sub-Saharan Africa. However, sub-Saharan Africa continues to experience high levels of unemployment and a lack of skillsets. In an attempt to help address these problems, this research project evaluates employment creation and skills transfer during the delivery of capital projects in sub-Saharan Africa. Three case studies (researched between October 2013 and February 2015) were selected to collect data for this research project: (1) Nacala Corridor Railway Project (Malawi), (2) the Medupi Power Project (Republic of South Africa) and (3) the Gautrain Project Phases 1 and 2 (Republic of South Africa). The research findings illustrate clearly that there has been a significant positive shift in the creation of employment and skills transfer on capital projects. However, there are areas of weakness which have been identified even though the three case studies produced different results. In conclusion, the main weaknesses identified in all three projects are the lack of local high-level skilled employees and a clear indication that these capital projects are not being capitalised efficiently to develop skills amongst the locals, which are essential for such projects. Recommendations are provided for the sustainability of skills development and employment creation on capital projects. / MT 2017

These adjustments applied to most ministries. However variation in the coefficient was introduced in ministries where different adjustments were deemed appropriate. For example, in the Education and Training ministry, expenditure on personnel was increased by 2% in each of Programs 2 to 6, and held constant in Program 7. / Part 2; Section 2

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / The research study investigated the contribution of community development projects towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality of Limpopo province. This research study seeks to investigate the factors that hinder community development projects from contributing positively towards the improvement of the lives of rural communities in the area of the study. This study is also concerned with the development of effective strategies that will enhance the capacity of community development project managers and change their perception and that of other stakeholders with regard to the implementation of community development projects. The literature review established the relationship between community development project and project management. In this regard, the study showed that community projects run by project managers with proper knowledge of and skills in project management impact positively on the improvement of the lives of the rural communities. In this study, a mixed research design approach was used in the investigation of the factors that hinder community projects to contribute positively towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality. Questionnaires and structured interviews were used to collect data from the target population. The findings of the study suggest that most managers of the community development projects lack training in project management.They also revealed that there were inadequate resources; there is a lack of community participation in decision-making, and shortage of funds hampered the sustainability of community development projects. To conclude, it is expected that the recommendations of this research study will highlight the strategies that could be put in place to improve the management of community development projects in order to improve the livelihoods of people in the Thulamela Local Municipality.

D. Tech. Fine and Applied Arts / No documented projects exists that can serve as a guide for the establishment of community economic development projects among women in Southern Africa with the aim to economically empower them through the manufacturing of export quality garments in large volumes. The premise for this study was therefore to investigate opportunities that could potentially result in the economic empowerment of women by equipping them with textile-related skills, in a community economic development context, to make apparel that can be exported to first-world countries. The aim of this research was to devise a community empowerment model that would facilitate a participative process that will induce change - from poverty to economic empowerment - through the medium of garment product manufacture and distribution.

The purpose of the study was to assess funding and support provided for development projects in Kenya and South Africa. The focus was to identify comparisons and differences in development, funding and national development priorities in both countries. The study was carried out in Kenya and South Africa. Through purposive sampling, six organizations were selected as the units of analysis. Data was collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, national policies and written records. Six major themes emerged from the data collected. They included (a) the purpose and internal structure of the organization (b) programs and projects supported (c) sustainability and continuation (d) internal and external factors affecting the organization (e) conditions (f) the aid-chain. The findings indicated that despite the differences in both countries, poverty remained a national priority. In both countries, factors such as inflation rates, conditions tied to aid and internal and external factor affected the development organizations and their operations. Suggestions were made to development organizations for optimal development. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.