Thesis: Universität Oldenburg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-250).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79). Also available in print.

On 1 October 1949, the Communist Party of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Mao was to lead the People’s Republic of China for the next twenty seven years until his death in 1976. During this twenty seven year period under Mao’s leadership the Communist Party of China consolidated its position as the leader of Chinese society and in so doing consolidated communist ideology as the central perspective that guided social and economic planning in China. In 1978, two years after Mao’s death, Deng Xiaping assumed the leadership of the Communist Party of China and this period marked the beginning of far reaching economic and social reforms in China. Over the next thirty years these reforms were to transform China’s economy from the tenth largest to the second largest in the world by the end of 2013. During this period China grew its manufacturing base to the extent that the country has become the world’s largest manufacturer and the world’s leading exporter. This transformation of China’s economy has translated to the country experiencing a period of high levels of economic growth over a sustained period of over 30 years. Estimates suggest that the country’s gross domestic product grew at an average annual rate of nearly 10% over a thirty year period from 1978. These high levels of economic growth have significantly contributed to the overall reduction of poverty levels in the country, with some estimates suggesting that between 300 million to 500 million of the country’s citizens have been lifted out of poverty over a period of thirty years. China’s economic growth has had an impact beyond its own borders, as growth in many developing countries has been inextricably linked to developments in the Chinese economy in particular its demand for raw materials.For developing countries that continue to grapple with high levels of poverty among its citizens, China’s experience of lifting such large numbers of its own citizens out of poverty at the back of high levels of economic growth over a period of thirty years must serve as a basis for some learnings. The primary purpose of this research is aimed at contributing towards building the basis for such learnings, particularly with regards to building an understanding of how China has been able to grow its economy at such high levels over a sustained period of time. This research aims to identify the determinants of China’s growth post 1978. The determinants of growth are studied particularly from 1978 because the year marks the beginning of the period of economic reforms.

The Chinese middle class will be central to the continued sustainable development of China. This paper investigates the role of the middle class in the development of individual cities utilizing the Solow growth model. The paper breaks down the Solow growth model into the individual factors of production and calculates values for them over the period 2000 to 2010. Then using the data and the Cobb-Douglas production function shows that, for both Shanghai and Wuhan, total factor productivity is decreasing over the period. The size of the middle class in both cities is also calculated using a relative definition in order to compare its growth to the change in total factor productivity. The study shows that the middle class have yet to play a significant part in the economic development of Shanghai or Wuhan. / published_or_final_version / China Development Studies / Master / Master of Arts in China Development Studies

The Chinese economy has experienced a sharp rise in recent decades, which is accompanied by strengthening China's position in the global economy. The theme of this thesis is the evaluation of China's economic development. Its effects are illustrated in the examples of involvement of the Chinese economy into the international economic system. The work aims at summarizing the development aspects and opportunities of China and highlights the strong influence of Chinese economic development on the relations in the global economy. In the first chapter there is a space devoted to the theoretical definition of the economic development and its place within the concept of development in the general sense. The position of developing countries in the world economy is summarized as well. Next part of the thesis deals with characteristics of the Chinese economic growth. Key aspect is opening of the Chinese market to the international trade and to foreign direct investments. Considerable space is also devoted to development issues in the social field, which are crucial for increasing the prosperity of the Chinese population. The final part of the thesis points out the economic implications of China's development on relations in the global economy. Emphasis is placed especially on the impact on developing regions. It also investigates the impact of China's membership and its increasing activity in the international organizations and within regional integrations.

The first essay intends to answer the following questions: "Has China's economic growth become less volatile in the reform period?" and if it is the case, "What are the sources behind the increasing macroeconomic stability?" The answer to the first question is yes. Using the quarterly data of China, this paper provides robust evidence of the existence of a structural break or regime shift in the variance of the GDP growth process (most likely in 1992 and 1993). Employing decomposition methods from different perspectives, this essay attributes the significant decline in aggregate output volatility to the following factors: the increasing stability of labor productivity growth and TFP growth at the aggregate level, the declined volatility of value-added growth at the sectoral level, the increasing stability of consumption growth and investment growth from the demand side, and the decrease in the covariances between provincial growth contributions from the regional economic perspective. / The second essay attempts to examine the underlying factors accounting for the volatility of China's economic growth. It particularly highlights the role of investment policy volatility in explaining output volatility. The results suggest that investment policy volatility amplifies the growth volatility, whereas fiscal policy volatility has no significant effect. Government size and investment share have opposite, albeit not always significant, influences on growth volatility. The main findings are robust to the inclusion of additional controls, the substitution of initial values for the mean values of control variables, and the alternative estimation specifications of policy volatilities. It suggests that the decline in investment policy volatility accounts for a significant part of the increasing stability of China's economic growth, and that stable policies and a better institutional environment are crucial in sustaining the macroeconomic stability of China. / This thesis consists of three essays, and discusses several issues about volatility, growth and development in the context of the Chinese economy. / Unlike the conventional wisdom that growth and volatility correlate negatively across countries, the third essay finds a significant and positive growth-volatility link across Chinese provinces in the reform period. This link remains significant and positive in several robustness tests. Further analyses from disaggregate perspectives find that the output volatility is correlated with rural consumption growth and urban consumption growth negatively and positively, respectively. At the sectoral level, more volatile sectors command higher investment rate and higher value-added growth. This essay also finds that the expected volatility has positive effect on growth, while both fiscal and investment policy volatilities are significantly harmful to economic growth. However, the significances of policy volatilities vanish once expected volatility is included in the analysis. It partly confirms the analytical argument that the growth-volatility link in China is mainly driven by the positive volatility component. Moreover, a stable policy environment is vital to the economic growth of China despite a positive aggregate growth-volatility link. / pt. 1. Has the Chinese economy become less volatile? structural break detection and volatility decomposition -- pt. 2. What accounts for the volatility of China's economy growth -- pt. 3. On the link between growth and volatility: evidence from China. / Zhang, Ning. / Adviser: Junsen Zhang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-09(E), Section: A. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-260). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

The study of regional inequality has attracted numerous attentions of geographers and economists. The interdisciplinary research has been reflected in a spatial-temporal hierarchical structure, that is, the multi-scalar nature of economic convergence and the temporal dynamics of geographical inequality. With the support of big databases, the integration of these two growing fields provides opportunities for a spatially integrated social science. Therefore, this dissertation aims to explore this long-debated issue from two novel perspectives. On the one hand, the newly available county-level dataset will be employed to reexamine the three major issues of economic inequality and then a comparative analysis at the county level, city level and provincial level will be conducted to study the scale nature of economic inequality. On the other hand, the spatial data exploratory analysis as well as the geospatial analysis provides a new methodological framework to study the spatial effects of economic development. / With the support of the Barameter on China’s Development database, this dissertation covers 2254 county-level units, 338 prefecture-level units and 27 provincial units during the period of 1997 to 2010. Three major research issues have been reexamined at three different spatial scales using the geospatial analysis. Firstly, besides the temporal trend of economic inequality at multiple scales, the decomposable Theil index is applied to measure the intra/inter provincial/prefectural inequality as well as the urban-rural disparity. It is found that economic inequality is more prominent within provinces and between prefectures. Moreover, different from previous studies, the inequality within urban or rural areas is much more intense than the urban-rural disparity. Secondly, global and local spatial patterns of economic inequality are explored with the exploratory spatial data analysis technique. With the recent advances in geovisualization, a spatially explicit view of development mobility provides new insights on the role of spatial spillover effects. It is found that spatial clustering of economic development is investigated differently at these three spatial scales during the whole time period. Spatial integrated moves where the county-level unit’s development improves or worsens more than its neighbors are more frequently encountered than the reversed situation. Thirdly, spatial filtering method as well as multilevel modelling is employed to examine the causal mechanisms underlying economic inequality, which are nested among different spatial scales in China. The spatio-temporal and hierarchical analysis reveals that the county-level development is influenced significantly by its decentralization, fixed investment as well as urbanization rate. Simultaneously, the multi-mechanisms underlying regional development are spatially heterogeneous shaped largely by geography and policy. / The above findings thus contribute to the recent literature on economic inequality and suggest meaningful theoretical and policy implications. The county-level scale provides a novel perspective for understanding the trajectory of economic development in China. As suggested by the new economic geography literature, the prominent significance of space is reaffirmed at different spatial scales and reiterates pervasive existence of spillover effects operating at local scales. Furthermore, institutional reforms, such as empowering counties, should be enlarged to strengthen cooperative relationships among local governments thus realizing cross-border economic cooperation. Meanwhile, with the advances of geocomputing and geovisualization, new interdisciplinary approaches are needed to study this longstanding issue, so as to visualize the spatially integrated dynamics of regional development. / 自从改革开放以来，中国经济保持着每年约10%的增长速度。在快速增长的同时，愈来愈显著的区域差异问题也成为困扰中央和地方政府的一大难题。许多学者已对区域差异问题展开了广泛且深入的研究，主要围绕区域差异的时间趋势、空间格局以及驱动因素等三大主要问题，但至今由于研究方法、研究尺度或者研究区域的不同，学者们很难达成对区域差异问题的统一见解，从而影响有效区域政策的制定。 / 区域差异研究发展到至今，大致经历了从宏观尺度向微观尺度的转变，研究的视角也开始更注重时间空间的动态结合，但仍存在以下不足：首先，以往研究主要围绕省级单元进行，或者仅以个别经济发展较快的省份作为研究对象，宏观尺度的研究掩盖了微观尺度上的区域发展过程，而个别省份的研究又影响了区域研究的整体性；其次，以往研究主要依赖于传统的统计方法，虽然一些最新的研究开始应用多层次模型等，但根据克鲁格曼提出的新经济地理，空间的作用不可忽略。空间模型的应用仍是以后更深入了解区域差异的重要方法。 / 本文针对现今区域差异研究的不足，在具有可比性时空动态分析的理论框架和多尺度多机制的分析框架下，从研究尺度和研究方法上进行创新，旨在为更深入理解区域差异问题提供一种新的视角。基于从1997年到2010年的全国县级发展数据库，本文首先探讨并比较县级、地级市及省级层面上区域差异的时间趋势，其次采用地理可视化技术和空间马尔科夫链，探讨了区域差异的空间格局及其动态特征，最后运用空间过滤方法及多层次多变量模型，探讨了不同尺度上驱动因素的相互作用。完成的主要研究工作如下： / 首先，在分析了几种不同衡量区域差异的指标后，本文采用了泰尔系数衡量并比较全国省、市、县等不同尺度上的区域差异趋势，并利用泰尔系数的分解性特征，进一步研究区域差异在不同地理尺度上、城乡单元之间的关联性和特征，并着重研究了区域差异趋势的空间异质性。本文发现了区域差异在较小的空间尺度上更为显著，省级、地级市之间的区域差异大体呈现倒U型，但县域空间差异却呈现逐渐增强的趋势。通过多尺度泰尔系数的分解，区域经济差异在省内部和地级市之间更为明显。不同于以往的研究，城市或者乡村内部的差异远超过城乡差距，并成为导致县域差异的主因。另外，由于空间异质性，区域差异在东部、西部、中部、东北呈现不同的时间趋势及特征。 / 其次，在采用地理信息系统和探索性空间数据分析方法鉴定区域发展的全局和局部空间集聚特征后，为了进一步理解这种空间特征的动态性，本文采用空间马尔科夫链探讨区域发展的空间溢出特征，并结合地理可视化技术，更直观显示区域发展的空间关系及其变化。本文发现了区域发展主要呈现出空间集聚的特征，且空间集聚的强度在细尺度上更为明显。2004年开始，空间集聚开始呈现出逐渐北移的新特征。从时空角度看，一个区域的经济发展受它地理邻居单元的影响，呈现出共同进退的特征；一般而言，一个区域的发展速度均快过邻居的发展。 / 再次，采用空间过滤方法，并结合多层次模型，设计出符合理论框架的定量模型。并采用多尺度多变量模型分析财政分权、全球化、固定投资、人力资本以及政策对区域发展的影响，以及驱动因素在不同空间尺度间的相互影响。研究发现空间溢出对于县域发展作用不显著，但受到财政分权、外商投资以及固定资产的重要影响。地理和政策对于区域发展的影响呈现出空间异质性。 / 总之，本文从县级尺度出发，采用最新的一些地理空间方法重新探讨了区域差异的三大经典问题。本文证实了新经济地理学的观点，空间尺度和空间溢出对于重新理解区域发展问题至关重要。同时，本文提出了一些实用性较强的区域发展政策，旨在实现更为均衡的区域发展模式。 / He, Sanwei. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-166). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 05, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Si-Tou, Wai Kit. / "September 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract: --- p.2 / 摘要 --- p.3 / Acknowledgements --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Galor-Weil Model --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Basic Structure Model --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Preferences and Budget Constraints --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Optimization --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Parameterization and Simulation Results by Lagerlof --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- Parameterization and Full Dynamical System --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- Parameter Values and Simulation Results --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Theoretical Analysis of the Effects of Exogenous Population Control Policy on the Dynamic System --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Simulation Results using China's Data --- p.29 / Chapter 5.1 --- Simulation Results with Exogenous Population Control --- p.31 / Chapter 5.2 --- Simulation Results with Exogenous Population Control and Technological Shocks.. --- p.35 / Chapter 5.3 --- Further Implications --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Concluding Remarks --- p.38 / Chapter Appendix A: --- Figures and Tables --- p.42 / Chapter Appendix B: --- Sensitivity Test --- p.67 / References: --- p.69

China’s economy has been experiencing high growth since 1979. The growth of China’s economy is attributed to the growth in its international trade. China’s economic growth affects trade growth of other nations because of the combination of its huge size, rapid growth and openness. This study investigates the direct effect of China’s growth on its imports from South Africa. / Economics / M. Com.