This thesis focuses on the Chinese free immigrants to South Africa from 1904 to the present. It charts the volume and flow of Chinese immigrants, as well as the relationship between different groups of Chinese immigrants and the relationship between Chinese immigrants and local communities where they settled. It demonstrates that Taiwanese immigrants had stronger capability sets than earlier mainland Chinese immigrants. It shows that due to their relatively strong economic background, Taiwanese immigrants' livelihoods were more rewarding than those of mainland Chinese immigrants. Taiwanese immigrants were also more adept at dealing with the South African government and at running their own businesses, particularly during the apartheid era.

The Springfield Armory is widely recognized as having played a key role in the development of interchangeable parts and precision manufacturing. The Armory, in implementing Ordnance Department policies, acted as an inadvertent industrial policy by developing and diffusing “best practice” production techniques. The Armory acted as the central coordination agency within an early network of arms manufacturers and materials suppliers and provided valuable services and information that facilitated rapid industrialization along the “Precision Corridor” of the Connecticut River Valley.

The rise of the market economy in colonial Massachusetts has always been of concern to economic historians. The ascendance of modern day American capitalism owes much to this latter day transition. Many economic historians attribute the growth of the market and the rise of capitalism in Massachusetts to the intrusion of external forces and/or to certain unchangeable human tendencies to "truck, barter and seek profits." But these prevailing explanations are riddled with ironies and unanswered questions. For example, the Puritan ideology, which dominated religious and secular life in Massachusetts (1650-1750) included a strong anti-market, anti-profit component. How was it possible for "external" forces to overcome this all pervasive ideology? Indeed, why did capitalist relations develop first in that region of North America that was philosophically most opposed to its growth? Secondly, the rise of the market system and of capitalism was a process which took place overtime. Therefore, how can we theoretically characterize the pre-capitalist economy in colonial Massachusetts, given the widely held consensus that feudalism did not exist in the North American colonies or at least in Massachusetts? This dissertation employes a theoretically rigorous class analysis to address these and other related questions in an overall attempt to explain the basis for the origins of capitalism in Massachusetts by 1800. The study covers the period 1620-1800, a span of time which encompasses the early settlements by 'Pilgrims' and 'Puritans' through the birth of the North American nation. The first chapter defines and explains the key concepts and methodological approach of the dissertation. The second chapter, perhaps the key theoretical chapter, defines the variety of non-capitalist class relations present in early 17th Century Massachusetts. These included ancient relations, feudal relations, slavery, as well as their subsumed classes--merchants, clergy, government officials, etc. The third and fourth chapters deal with the interactions between these classes 1640-1800. Specifically, we examine how each class in society struggled to maintain the economic, political and cultural conditions necessary to insure its own existence. In the very process of this endeavor, however, the structure of classes and the economy itself changed, as conflicts and contradictions were intensified and resolved. Thus, the development of new classes, new economic structures can be seen as a complex process of structural growth and change rather than a series of external intrusions or the blossoming of inherent human propensities.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / It took 400 years to recognise and then analyse a class of social phenomena – the unintended results of historical development and individual action. This class includes language, law, the economic order, prices, money, morals, customs, skills, the division of labour, etc. They are complex formations, combining complex rules and particular historical circumstances; they manifest in people’s action and therefore the historical record. Analysts of such complex historical phenomena includes Coke, Hale, Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Burke, Sir William Jones, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ferguson and Dugald Stewart. Menger, Mises and Hayek built on, systematised and extended what had been built up earlier. The capital structure is now added to this class; and the latter’s general features are set out using language, law, the catallaxy and the capital structure. The investment structure in early modern England is analysed and described as a case study.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / It took 400 years to recognise and then analyse a class of social phenomena – the unintended results of historical development and individual action. This class includes language, law, the economic order, prices, money, morals, customs, skills, the division of labour, etc. They are complex formations, combining complex rules and particular historical circumstances; they manifest in people’s action and therefore the historical record. Analysts of such complex historical phenomena includes Coke, Hale, Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Burke, Sir William Jones, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ferguson and Dugald Stewart. Menger, Mises and Hayek built on, systematised and extended what had been built up earlier. The capital structure is now added to this class; and the latter’s general features are set out using language, law, the catallaxy and the capital structure. The investment structure in early modern England is analysed and described as a case study.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1960. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [193]-207).

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In the first chapter of my Thesis I propose a model of front-running in noisy market environment. I demonstrate that even if the front-runner/predator has no initial knowledge about the position of a distressed trader he will be still able to front-run his orders in a linear Bayesian-Nash equilibrium. This is possible because initial orders of the distressed trader tend to reveal his initial position. The contribution of this chapter is also in the analysis of long-term dynamics of predatory trading under Gaussian uncertainty. Second chapter treats about the dark-pools of liquidity which are highly popular systems that allow participants to enter unpriced orders to buy or sell securities. These orders are crossed at a specified time at a price derived from another market. I present an equilibrium model of coexistence of dark-pools of liquidity and the dealer market. Dealer market provides the immediate execution, whereas the dark-pool of liquidity provides lower cost of trading. Risk-averse agents in equilibrium optimally choose between safe dealer market and cheaper dark-pool of liquidity. In the third chapter I solve for a partial-equilibrium optimal consumption and investment problem, when one of the investment assets is traded infrequently. Opportunity to trade the "illiquid asset" arises upon the occurrence of a Poisson event. Only when such event occurs a trader is able to change (increase or decrease) her position in the illiquid asset. The investor can consume continuously from the bank account. After deriving HJB equation, I analyze in details the implications of illiquidity on the optimal level of consumption, allocation and welfare. The optimal policy is solved using algorithm from aeronautics.