This thesis focuses on the Chinese free immigrants to South Africa from 1904 to the present. It charts the volume and flow of Chinese immigrants, as well as the relationship between different groups of Chinese immigrants and the relationship between Chinese immigrants and local communities where they settled. It demonstrates that Taiwanese immigrants had stronger capability sets than earlier mainland Chinese immigrants. It shows that due to their relatively strong economic background, Taiwanese immigrants' livelihoods were more rewarding than those of mainland Chinese immigrants. Taiwanese immigrants were also more adept at dealing with the South African government and at running their own businesses, particularly during the apartheid era.

The Springfield Armory is widely recognized as having played a key role in the development of interchangeable parts and precision manufacturing. The Armory, in implementing Ordnance Department policies, acted as an inadvertent industrial policy by developing and diffusing “best practice” production techniques. The Armory acted as the central coordination agency within an early network of arms manufacturers and materials suppliers and provided valuable services and information that facilitated rapid industrialization along the “Precision Corridor” of the Connecticut River Valley.

The rise of the market economy in colonial Massachusetts has always been of concern to economic historians. The ascendance of modern day American capitalism owes much to this latter day transition. Many economic historians attribute the growth of the market and the rise of capitalism in Massachusetts to the intrusion of external forces and/or to certain unchangeable human tendencies to "truck, barter and seek profits." But these prevailing explanations are riddled with ironies and unanswered questions. For example, the Puritan ideology, which dominated religious and secular life in Massachusetts (1650-1750) included a strong anti-market, anti-profit component. How was it possible for "external" forces to overcome this all pervasive ideology? Indeed, why did capitalist relations develop first in that region of North America that was philosophically most opposed to its growth? Secondly, the rise of the market system and of capitalism was a process which took place overtime. Therefore, how can we theoretically characterize the pre-capitalist economy in colonial Massachusetts, given the widely held consensus that feudalism did not exist in the North American colonies or at least in Massachusetts? This dissertation employes a theoretically rigorous class analysis to address these and other related questions in an overall attempt to explain the basis for the origins of capitalism in Massachusetts by 1800. The study covers the period 1620-1800, a span of time which encompasses the early settlements by 'Pilgrims' and 'Puritans' through the birth of the North American nation. The first chapter defines and explains the key concepts and methodological approach of the dissertation. The second chapter, perhaps the key theoretical chapter, defines the variety of non-capitalist class relations present in early 17th Century Massachusetts. These included ancient relations, feudal relations, slavery, as well as their subsumed classes--merchants, clergy, government officials, etc. The third and fourth chapters deal with the interactions between these classes 1640-1800. Specifically, we examine how each class in society struggled to maintain the economic, political and cultural conditions necessary to insure its own existence. In the very process of this endeavor, however, the structure of classes and the economy itself changed, as conflicts and contradictions were intensified and resolved. Thus, the development of new classes, new economic structures can be seen as a complex process of structural growth and change rather than a series of external intrusions or the blossoming of inherent human propensities.

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The dissertation asserts that the brewing industry in England and Wales was involved in two markets, beer and property. Brewers owned the public houses and off-licences through which their beers were sold. Traditional interpretations of the industry fail to recognize the significance of this dual market involvement. The importance of the property market and brewing firms' relationship to it are key to a full understanding of the amalgamations and structural changes which occurred in the industry between 1945-1960. A general model of a dual market industry is developed. Its application to the brewing industry, and how dual market involvement altered the pattern of amalgamations from that predicted by traditional approaches, are discussed. It explains how firms' staying power in an industry may exceed that predicted by their primary market share alone and paradoxically, how some brewing firms' vulnerability to amalgamation was increased by changes in the secondary market, property. The economic environment, government policy, legislation, and changes in the beer, property and financial markets vis-a-vis the brewing industry are discussed. The characteristics which distinguish taken-over firms, and their relationship to the property market, are identified. The performance criteria (profitability, dividends, percentage earnings on equity capital, and liquidity) were not indicators of vulnerability to takeover. Merging firms were significantly larger than taken-over and independent firms, but there was no significant difference in the average estate size of the latter two. Taken-over firms had the lowest average asset value per house, indicating a limited ability to exploit fully their property assets. This suggests vulnerability to takeover was associated more with the character and use made of property than with a firm's performance. The role of the dual market and the brewers' use of their secondary market, property, to thwart or achieve amalgamation, or in pursuit of their business strategies, changed the nature of inter-firm interactions and ultimately the structure of the brewing industry. The dissertation indicates how neglect of the relationship between the brewing industry's two markets has led to an underemphasis in existing analyses of the role property played in the brewing firms' strategies, 1945-1960.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / It took 400 years to recognise and then analyse a class of social phenomena – the unintended results of historical development and individual action. This class includes language, law, the economic order, prices, money, morals, customs, skills, the division of labour, etc. They are complex formations, combining complex rules and particular historical circumstances; they manifest in people’s action and therefore the historical record. Analysts of such complex historical phenomena includes Coke, Hale, Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Burke, Sir William Jones, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ferguson and Dugald Stewart. Menger, Mises and Hayek built on, systematised and extended what had been built up earlier. The capital structure is now added to this class; and the latter’s general features are set out using language, law, the catallaxy and the capital structure. The investment structure in early modern England is analysed and described as a case study.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / It took 400 years to recognise and then analyse a class of social phenomena – the unintended results of historical development and individual action. This class includes language, law, the economic order, prices, money, morals, customs, skills, the division of labour, etc. They are complex formations, combining complex rules and particular historical circumstances; they manifest in people’s action and therefore the historical record. Analysts of such complex historical phenomena includes Coke, Hale, Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Burke, Sir William Jones, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ferguson and Dugald Stewart. Menger, Mises and Hayek built on, systematised and extended what had been built up earlier. The capital structure is now added to this class; and the latter’s general features are set out using language, law, the catallaxy and the capital structure. The investment structure in early modern England is analysed and described as a case study.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1960. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [193]-207).

No description available.

No description available.