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The aim of this thesis is to study the behaviour of the money supply of Trinidad and Tobago during the period from 1797 to 1964, and to relate it to the economic development of the country. No attempt will be made to discuss the implications of the Central Bank of Trinidad. The study ends at the time when the Bank was set up. In the course of the thesis I have described the capital market institutions and given a historical account of the development of the monetary framework of the economy. Both this, and the empirical analysis of the operations of the main institutions - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Board and the commercial banks for the period 1946 - 1964, have not, to my knowledge, been done before. It is hoped that these sections will be of value to students of money and banking, planning further studies in this field. [...]

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This research proposes that monetary policy is more than a technical economic policy. Since it is politically controlled, political variables should affect it. In this analysis, the monetary policies of France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and West Germany are described in detail. Political variables potentially affecting this policy are reviewed. Political variables, such as political party in power, electoral competition, electoral cycles, and political instability, are employed in a time series regression analysis of monetary aggregates. Various economic variables are also included to aid model specification. While cross-national variations occur in monetary policy determination, this research shows that political parties follow ideologies in monetary policy-making. Other political variables are not strongly related to monetary aggregates.

This thesis analyzes the infamous Mara Salvatruchas (MS-13) in Central America, an international gang that has become increasingly powerful and violent. I will examine the cycle of violence perpetuated by the urban structure in Central America, which is characterized by economic and social segregation and sometimes violent oppression, resulting in part from neoliberal economic policies. I will critically review a variety of current MS-13 interventions in El Salvador and elsewhere, and examine how policies have impacted the growth of this international threat. Successful examples of community-based gang interventions, specifically targeted to reach youth, will be examined to determine important components of effective, bottom-up gang interventions that may be applied in El Salvador. / text

Thesis (DTech (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. / The rapid growth of Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions have attracted global attention to Chinese businesses. As new mechanisms of Chinese expansion in the international business arena, cross-border mergers and acquisitions have necessitated indepth academic studies of the risks associated with these activities from a Chinese business context. The influence of the Chinese government's domination of Chinese business is not only presented as different merger and acquisition tactics, but also as styles of operation and management in the process of integration. In cooperating with different counterparts, the shareholders of both acquiring and acquired companies are seeking solutions to related structural and operational changes. This relies on an effective risk management system to achieve a successful synergistic alliance for value creation. In this research study a conceptual framework was developed to identify risks associated with cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The framework aims at identifying risks at threes levels, namely country, business and management. Risks at business and management level are the result of risks at country level, while risks at country level reflect risks at business and management levels. Therefore, risks identified in Chinese inbound mergers and acquisitions will be valuable risk parameters to Chinese outbound mergers and acquisitions. Cooperation during integration is pivotal to successful mergers and acquisitions. Operational and managerial styles of Chinese businesses are profoundly affected by factors such as the Chinese government's role in business, economic policies, laws and regulations, culture, and so forth. This research identifies risks associated with Chinese post- inbound mergers and acquisitions that are impacted upon by Chinese government domination, from a Chinese business perspective. In approaching this objective, this research studied 34 Chinese inbound mergers and acquisitions using a multiple case study method. The research adopted methodological triangulation for collecting evidence, and aimed at using in-depth case analyses to identify risk factors to add academic value to the field of study. As a result, the research findings strongly indicate that the Chinese government's domination has an extensive and intensive impact on risks associated with Chinese businesses in cross-border cooperation. These identified risks include business strategies and operation, policy implementation, legal compliance, and management performance. Consequently, risks associated with Chinese inbound mergers and acquisitions will mirror the risks of Chinese outbound activities. The research results contribute to the practical application for managing risks associated with both Chinese inbound and outbound mergers and acquisitions. As a solution, mitigation of risks is recommended in the process of both pre- and post- mergers and acquisitions. The research provides valuable insights for both risk management and practitioners in mergers and acquisitions, and facilitates the achievement of process synergy.

This paper is a balance of the Peruvian economic policies, taken by government inthe last decade. We focus on determining, based on the available literature, whetheror not these polices have improved the economic well-being of poor people. Furthermore,this balance allow us to give the agenda for future research on these areas, aswell as to shed some light about the pro-poor necessary policies. There are several policies that have been taken into account in this balance. Macroeconomicpolicies; trade and investment policies; specific sector promotion policies(agriculture, industry and mining sector); labor (both formal and informal), capitaland land markets; regulation of goods and services markets (telecommunications andelectricity); taxation policies; public expenditure; security and risk management mechanismsand, finally, regional policies. / La década de 1990, en el Perú, estuvo marcada por un conjunto de profundos cambios en materia de política económica. Este trabajo hace un balance de las políticas económicas tomadas en función de su contribución al empeoramiento o mejoramiento del nivel de vida de los pobres. Asimismo, este balance nos permite arrojar algunas luces acerca de las políticas necesarias, así como darnos cuenta de cuáles son los temas no abordados y las investigaciones pendientes para los futuros años de investigación. Las políticas consideradas se refieren a la política macroeconómica; el comercio internacional y la inversión; las políticas sectoriales (sector agrícola, industrial y minero); los mercados de trabajo (formal e informal), capital y tierras para zonas urbanas y rurales; la regulación de los mercados de bienes y servicios (telecomunicaciones y electricidad); la tributación; el gasto público; la seguridad y los mecanismos de manejo de riesgos y, por último, las políticas regionales.