Since Mainland China opened its market, its strengths and low-cost labor appeals to foreign investors and manufacturers, resulting in rapid growth of overall economics. Several investment factors in Taiwan, including rising land price due to economic growth, rising costs of labor, and shortage of labor force, drive Taiwanese firms to base manufacturing plants in Mainland China because of its cheap labor and massive scale of labor force. The aim of this research is to investigate the way in which human resource department adjusts its strategy as a part of enterprise transformation from labor orientation to marketing orientation under the influences of China¡¦s policy of economic transformation. The case study in this research is an outstanding enterprise, having three oversea plants, in southern Taiwan. The analysis and research results are shown as follows. (1) The introduction of the Labor Contract Law of the People¡¦s Republic of China and the Social Insurance Law of the People¡¦s Republic of China brings more disadvantages than benefits to enterprises. The laws improve Chinese laborers¡¦ basic rights at the expense of increasing management risks and labor management costs from Taiwanese firms. (2) Under the influences of global economic crisis, policies to downsize organization structure lead to a loss of talents, but enterprises should enhance its education training, reinforce organizational culture and vision, and speeding up the process of localizing talents. (3) Propelling domestic demand is a policy to sustain economic growth; however, as farmers¡¦ income increases, it is more difficult for enterprises to recruit laborers. Enterprises should be cautious on designing long-term plans of human resources. (4) The Foxconn incident is not an individual case. It shows that an enterprise should provide material assurance as well as spiritual concerns to employees. The butterfly effect of pay raise will speed up enterprise transformation and reach the long-term goal of paralleling Chinese plants to global market. (5) It is crucial for enterprises to provide material assistance to expatriates as well as mental well-being of the employees and the families.

Η έντονη οικονομική κρίση που βιώνει η χώρα μας τα τελευταία τέσσερα χρόνια (2010 -2014), εκτός από τις δημοσιονομικού τύπου διαστάσεις της, επέφερε γενικότερες αλλαγές στην ελληνική κοινωνία. Δε θα ήταν υπερβολή να ισχυριστεί κανείς πως δεν υπάρχει πλευρά της κοινωνικής ζωής που δεν επηρεάστηκε. Όπως ήταν αναμενόμενο, μεταξύ όλων των άλλων, και η ελληνική εκπαίδευση δέχτηκε επιδράσεις ποικιλότροπα και εις βάθος από την εν λόγω κρίση σε όλες τις εκφάνσεις της (χρηματοδότηση, θεσμοί, διάρθρωση, εκπαιδευτικές πρακτικές και στάσεις, δημόσιος και ιδιωτικός της χαρακτήρας κλπ.) . Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία επιχειρεί να διερευνήσει τις επιρροές της οικονομικής κρίσης σε κάποια μόνο τμήματα της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας. Συγκεκριμένα: Α) τις επιδράσεις της οικονομικής κρίσης στη χρηματοδότηση της Τυπικής Εκπαίδευσης από την Πολιτεία. Β) τις επιδράσεις της οικονομικής κρίσης στους θεσμούς που άπτονται της λειτουργίας της Τυπικής Εκπαίδευσης (νομοθετικές ρυθμίσεις που τα τελευταία τέσσερα χρόνια ψηφίστηκαν στο ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο και αφορούν στην Τυπική Εκπαίδευση άμεσα ή έμμεσα καθώς και άλλες διαρθρωτικές αλλαγές). / The intensive economic crisis from which our country has been suffering for the last four years (2010-2014), has influenced the Greek society in many ways and not only in the financial level. It would not be an exaggeration to claim that there is not an aspect of social life which did not influenced from the crisis. As it was expected, the Greek education, among the others, was also deeply influenced of this crisis, in many ways, in all its aspects (financing, structure, educational practices and attitudes, public and private character etc.) This research paper attempts to investigate the influences of the economic crisis in only some parts of the educational process. Specific: a) the effects of the economic crisis in the state financing of formal education b) the effects of the economic crisis in the institutions related to the operation of formal education (lows that have been have been legislated in Greek parliament, the last four years, referring directly or indirectly to the Formal Education and other structural changes).

Η εργασία αυτή εξετάζει τη μεταβολή των επιχειρηματικών πιστώσεων από τις ελληνικές τράπεζες πριν και κατά τη διάρκεια της πρόσφατης οικονομικής κρίσης. Εντοπίζει πιστωτική συρρίκνωση από το 2009Μ9. Μελετά και αναλύει τις μεταβολές της επίδρασης ειδικών δανειακών χαρακτηριστικών στη διαμόρφωση του συνολικού επιτοκίου, τόσο για τις νέες χρηματοδοτήσεις όσο και τις υφιστάμενες. Όσον αφορά την παραγωγή νέων δανείων κατά τη διάρκεια της κρίσης, βρέθηκε οτι τα μεγάλα δάνεια τιμολογήθηκαν χαμηλότερα από τα μικρά. Τα οικονομετρικά αποτελέσματα έδειξαν τη μεγαλύτερη και θετική συνεισφορά των μικρών δανείων στον καθορισμό του επιτοκίου. Επιπλέον, βρέθηκε ότι η διαπραγματευτική δύναμη των μεγάλων δανειοληπτών, κατά τη διάρκεια της κρίσης, προκαλεί αρνητική επίδραση των μεγάλων δανείων στο συνολικό επιτόκιο. Τέλος, δείχνεται ότι το υφιστάμενο δανειακό χαρτοφυλάκιο μειώνεται σημαντικά η επίδραση των βραχυχρόνιων δανείων στο συνολικό επιτόκιο ενώ, αντίθετα, σχεδόν διπλασιάζεται η θετική επίδραση των μεσομακροπρόθεσμων δανείων. / --

The impact of economic crisis on tourism in Spain seen by the perspective of newspaper (study based on newspaper articles) The aim of the thesis is recognition of possibilities of analysis and interpretation of texts and reflection on limitations that emerge from this analysis. The thesis is divided in theoretical part and research. The theory starts with politic-economic background of the topic and continues with linguistic specifics of text analysis. The role of media is mentioned afterwards; also the description of the language used in the media and principles that rule newspaper article creation are described. One chapter is dedicated to the construction and description of corpus. Theoretical description of discourse analysis and narratological analysis follows. Research focuses on qualitative analysis and narratological analysis based on corpus written in Czech as well as in Spanish.\\

Political opportunity theory suggests that social movement organizations will increase political action efforts during times of opportunity, such as economic crises. On the other hand, business cycle theory predicts that economic crisis will be detrimental to unions, reducing membership and subsequently dues and power. This dissertation involves historical case studies of innovative and conservative labor unions, comparing organizational behavior during the Great Depression and the economic crisis of 2008. The dissertation also includes a QCA analysis of ten labor unions' political, organizing, and bargaining activity during the crisis of 2008. How do labor unions adjust their organizing strategies during an economic crisis? What tactics do unions use to redefine their role in the economy through social policy? What organizational characteristics define unions' varied responses to the crisis? This research found that characteristics consistent with organizational flexibility were consistent with the ability to identify and respond to the political opportunity present in economic crisis. While some unions decreased bargaining and organizing activity to shift resources towards political activity, this was not always the case. It also contributes a systematic description and analysis of typical labor union political activity. The data suggest that leader-based political action is a primary locus of activity, demanding further investigation into the varied campaigns and strategies unions take. More research is necessary to understand the interaction between the organizational political activity of labor unions and the political beliefs of union members.

The current global economic crisis, together with the general distrust and lack of confidence in business after a number of undeniable corporate scandals at board level (Hilb, 2006:3) has necessitated actions to assist business to become more transparent and to comply with corporate governance rules. Internationally, a number of actions were taken, such as the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the USA, the Cadbury Report in the UK and the King Report in South Africa, to mention a few. The King Report has become an internationally recognised brand as it advocated for an integrated approach to corporate governance, over and above the financial and regulatory aspects. Companies across the globe are encouraged and in some cases forced to give consideration to governance principles. In South Africa, the King Reports (King I, II and III), of which the King III Report on Governance is the latest, are no different. However, for the first time, the King III Report includes a chapter that focuses on managing stakeholder relationships as part of good corporate governance. As stakeholder relationship management (SRM) is central to the practice of communication management, Chapter 8 of the King III Report on Governance thus recognises the value that communication management can or should add in assisting businesses to comply with corporate governance rules. The problem is however that communication professionals do not always know how to implement the six principles outlined in Chapter 8 of the King III Report. Furthermore, the purpose of communication management, in particular strategic communication management, is not clear in the minds of companies’ senior management. This is often evident from the business paradigm where companies have little or no knowledge of stakeholder relationship management, and do not realise the value a well-developed communication management strategy can add in managing stakeholder relationships. It could therefore be surmised that companies and communication professionals do not know: <ul><li> To what extent the role, scope, function, structure and level of authority of communication management influence the management of stakeholder relationships and the implementation of a company’s business strategy. </li><li> What the implications of Chapter 8 of the King III Report on Governance are, with regard to the managing of stakeholder relationships for companies and their communication professionals. </li><li> What trends in communication management, affect stakeholder relationship management globally. </li><li> Which guidelines should be established for the implementation of stakeholder relationship management, according to the King III Report on Governance. </li><li> If companies would make use of a stakeholder relationship management positioning framework to position themselves in terms of their current compliance with good corporate governance rules. </li></ul> The main purpose of this research was to consider how communication professionals can assist their companies to manage stakeholder relationships according to the King III Report on Governance through obtaining a better understanding of the abovementioned questions. The study aimed to contribute to the body of knowledge and practice of communication management by: <ul><li> Theoretically and empirically determining whether a redefined business paradigm focussing on strategic communication management’s contribution to the effectiveness of the business through managing stakeholder relationship management is evident. </li><li> Considering the implications of the King III Report on Governance for companies and communication management. </li><li> Analysing the global communication management studies in an attempt to identify practices and trends that may inform the improved management of stakeholder relationships. </li><li> Empirically determining how senior communicators view stakeholder relationship management according to the King III Report on Governance in an attempt to propose guidelines for the implementation of stakeholder relationship management followed by a stakeholder relationship management positioning framework. </li></ul> Three phases guided the study, where the first phase consisted of a literature review, unpacking Chapter 8 of the King III Report on Governance and conducting an analysis of the global communication management studies in line with the Stockholm Accords. Phase II included qualitative empirical research into the views and practices of selected South African senior communicators. The last phase (Phase III) was a culmination of Phase I and Phase II, where nine (9) guidelines for the strategic management of stakeholder relationships were drafted, followed by a strategic stakeholder relationship management positioning framework against which businesses can benchmark themselves in terms of their level of compliance with corporate governance rules with the assistance of their communication management departments. The guidelines suggested in this study revolve around stakeholder relationship management being strategic and encompassing both stakeholder engagement and the governing of stakeholder relationships. Strategic stakeholder relationship management (SSRM) requires strategic integrated communication at the organisational, stakeholder and environmental levels of the organisation, and the utilisation of a strategic stakeholder relationship management and communication framework to identify, prioritise, communicate and build relationships with stakeholders. A carefully crafted communication strategy aligned with, and influencing business strategy, is needed and requires the CEO and top management to have knowledge and understanding of the considerations and challenges of stakeholders and how they can impact organisational reputation. Effective issues management and crisis communication approaches to assist in conflict resolution are necessary. The strategic, structured, disciplined and systematic management of communication throughout the organisation, as well as the communication management function/department is imperative. Strategic stakeholder relationship management is enhanced through the empowerment of the communication management function, assigning decision-making responsibility and accountability to the communication management function, and having a supportive organisational culture and structure. The proposed positioning framework affords a company the opportunity to outline where it is positioned with regard to strategic stakeholder relationship management, and it may assist a company to utilise its stakeholder relationship management strategy to gain a competitive advantage. The study added value to both companies and their communication professionals by aligning the six principles of Chapter 8 of the King III Report of Governance with the role, scope, function and authority of the communication management function. / Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Business Management / unrestricted

More than 770 000 employees in South Africa have been made redundant since the start of the economic crisis in the third quarter of 2008. Unfortunately, companies often do not anticipate, or prepare for, the lower morale and lower productivity experienced by the survivors. However, despite the fact that retrenchment survivors are the linchpin of a company‟s future profitability, limited research on their experiences is available in South Africa. Until recently, the survivors of retrenchment were considered fortunate and the general consensus is that survivors are grateful to have kept their jobs. But is it really that simple? The study explores the perceptions and experiences of survivors of retrenchment in the automotive industry. The study was conducted among retrenchment survivors operating at junior management, middle management and senior management roles in various functional areas in an Automotive Manufacturer in South Africa. Qualitative data was collected by means of conducting semi-structured interviews, which provided insight into the beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and experiences of the participants, as well as by the analysis of company documents. Following an in-depth analysis based on constructivist grounded theory guidelines, survivor denial in varied manifestations emerged as the core concept. This core concept was underpinned by the survivors‟ overall perception of the retrenchment experience, the affective and behavioural responses of survivors, as well some aggravating factors. The result of the analysis is a framework for understanding survivor experiences during retrenchments, as well as suggested interventions for organisations that are contemplating, or have already commenced with retrenchments to reduce the anticipated negative effects of the retrenchment process. This study demonstrates that retrenchment brings to the fore a multitude of inadequately understood emotional reactions and that, if retrenchment is not properly implemented and managed, can result in a significant amount of stress. Appropriate analysis of individual responses and the facilitation of constructive coping strategies is the starting point towards more effective intervention. Copyright / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

My thesis deals with the Great Depression on the 1930's, which was one of the biggest economic disasters of last century. It follows especially the course and consequences of the crisis in Czechoslovakia. There are still many questions about this event and economists of whole world have never agreed on the only explanation, which could describe and solve all the causes and circumstances of Great Depression. In addition, there are also many views that the crisis had influence not only in economic sphere, but also had the social and political impacts. First part deals with international connections of Great Depression and searches causations of crisis in economic theory and describes the birth of Great Depression in United States. Second and third parts analyze the beginning and running of the crisis in Czechoslovakia and deal with particular sections of economy. The fourth part summaries economic and political effects of the crisis in Czechoslovakia and shows how the country faced up to depression.

The diploma thesis shows the status of the automotive industry in the Czech Republic. It shows the trends in the Czech automotive industry in short theoretical presentation. There is a trend of the future competition from developing countries, other problems are growing raw material prices or government's limits in CO2 production. The companies connected to the automotive industry are reacting. The relevant information about the status and reactions of the Czech automotive industry companies, especially at the time of the crisis, was gained. The work answers the main question: How will the situation look like in the Czech automotive industry after the end of the crisis.

This master thesis describes impacts of economic crisis on migration in the European Union. It analyzes migration flows within the European Union and from the third countries in the time period between 2004 and 2008. The goal of this thesis is to either confirm or deny the hypothesis: the number of people migrating from the southern parts of Europe to the more economically developed central and northern parts of Europe has increased as a consequence of the financial crisis in 2008. The impact of financial crisis on the intra-European migration is analyzed with a migration potential applied on an example of two countries: Italy and Germany.