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Face aux conséquences d'un commerce international inégal, le commerce équitable se veut une alternative permettant aux travailleurs des pays pauvres d'améliorer leur niveau de vie, en accédant plus facilement aux marches et en recevant un juste prix pour leurs produits. À ces fins, le réseau équitable soutient qu'il faut instaurer un partenariat entre les acteurs: une relation commerciale juste, basée sur des valeurs de réciprocité et d'égalite. Pourtant, derrière ce discours se cache une évolution de la pensée éthique du mouvement qui démontre des changements importants dans sa pratique. La thèse que nous proposons cherche à comprendre l'évolution de la pensée éthique dans le mouvement équitable. À ces fins, la méthode que nous utiliserons sera l'analyse de discours des organisations de commerce équitable au Nord. Nous démontrerons, grâce à ces discours, que l'éthique du commerce équitable est passée d'une vision religieuse-humaniste à une éthique utilitariste. Cette transformation eut lieu à travers plus de quatre décennies et entraîne plusieurs changements importants. À travers une analyse historique des discours des partenaires du Nord, nous relèverons deux arguments principaux. Dans un premier temps, nous étudierons les origines du commerce équitable (1945-1970) qui fut fondé par des organisations religieuses européennes et nord-américaines, favorisant une éthique religieuse chrétienne, ainsi que des valeurs humanistes. Deuxièmement, nous observerons que le mouvement équitable s'est professionnalisé à partir des années 1988 jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Nous relèverons alors une perspective éthique utilitariste qui met le consommateur au centre de son attention. Nous comprendrons alors que ces changements dans l'éthique du mouvement ont des conséquences politiques, notamment dans les partenariats entre les organisations du Nord et ceux du Sud qui implique une relation de pouvoir problématique entre ces acteurs.

No description available.

This study examines the Spanish ethnohistoric evidence for the economic role of cotton in the Southwest at the time of contact, doing so within an integrated framework for economic behavior. Critical evaluation of the text and the organization of individual references to cotton by production, distribution, and consumption reveal the limited nature of this line of evidence; however, systematic comparison of the information it does yield shows that the Spanish documentary record does not support archaeological inferences of complex economic behavior with regard to cotton. Rather, the text suggests patterns that are more characteristic of a trading partner system. A comparison of this evidence with the archaeological record would shed additional light on this question.

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This thesis examines the significance of gold and silver in the process of political consolidation and socioeconomic change in Japan from 1550 to 1737. I argue that the role of precious metals in the transformation of early modern Japan demands reassessment for several reasons: (1) control of the gold and silver mines had a significant impact on the ability of the warring overlords to consolidate their rule; (2) possession of gold and silver was indispensable to the establishment of the Tokugawa hegemony, a stable polity that lasted for 260 years; (3) gold and silver facilitated Japan's rapid commercialization; (4) gold and especially silver drew Japan into the dynamic system of international trade, which constituted the newly emerging world system of economic interdependence; and, (5) Japan's withdrawal from the world market system in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was related to the large losses of silver due to exports and the decline in mining production.

Australian economic thought on tariffs underwent a remarkable transformation between the 1920s and 1970s. In the twenties a group of orthodox economists developed a cogent case for protection which endorsed the government's tariff policy. By the seventies however, the economics profession in Australia no longer supported this and advocated freer trade. This dissertation explains the evolutionary process in the intellectual history of that country during a fascinating period of economic development. It highlights the interaction between thought, policy, experience and changing circumstances. In analysing the social relevancy of that thought the impact of the economist upon policy is assessed. / The early case for protection overcame the shortcomings of the static orthodoxy by creatively combining the terms of trade effect, and in anticipation of the general form of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, with an income distribution aspect, together with dynamic externalities. This model revealed that tariffs were an effective instrument of economic development for the Australian community. / As the institutional circumstances and state of development changed, so too did the intellectual support for the original model. In the light of the Keynesian fiscal revolution other tools became available and acceptable. Developments in the theory of domestic divergences from the mid-sixties onwards enabled free trade to become unencumbered from its nexus with laissez faire. / As the basis for the early model withered away, trade liberalization became an accepted objective. But a new debate appeared over the costs of structural adjustment particularly as pervasive unemployment from the mid-seventies onwards led to political intransigence. Thus unlike the early stages of the debate rifts appeared between the views of economists and politicians. / The social relevancy of economic thought on tariffs is a distinguishing feature throughout the period under review and the economists played an active role in policy formulation. The task remains for current Australian economists to continue this tradition by devising politically acceptable plans for reform which meaningfully integrate the present day institutional fabric of their society into their recommendations. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 47-03, Section: A, page: 1014. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1986.