Note: Attached government documents, and Chapter 48 of The Representation Act. / To observers of the Canadian political scene, it is a well known fact that federal cabinet ministers are appointed to represent various aspects of federalism such as province, race, religion, region, economic and other sectional interests. A cabinet minister may represent more than one of these aspects. This practice is followed regardless of which party is in power and usually supersedes such considerations as political or administrative experience. The pattern of representation in the Canadian federal cabinet has changed considerably since Confederation. In the immediate post Confederation era, the first consideration was provincial representation. A certain number of cabinet ministers were appointed to represent each of the four provinces according to their population using Quebec’s and Ontario’s populations as the basis.

Economics started by being political economy. No wonder then, except for Marshall, that the firm as a subject of study has been somewhat neglected. This political bias remained prevalent in the profession until quite recently. In the beginning, the main efforts were spent on the study of aggregates, for example, industries, and what is regarded today as macro-economies and economic development. The excursions into micro-economies were brief and were oriented towards the making of special tools to meat particular situations. The micro-theories of the 1870's are still the backbone of our body of economic knowledge in that area, although again and again they have been criticized as false and based on outmoded psychology.

In the Introduction, the problems of reconstruction and development of the under-developed countries were noted. The motives behind Canadian foreign aid were then analyzed and two dominating motives appeared evident - humanitarian, and enlightened ‘self-interest’. Chapter one, an analysis of the evolution of parliamentary policy of the three major Canadian political parties, revealed that there were no basic differences among the parties regarding the acceptance and support of foreign aid programs. Such differences as did exist were rather those of degree. Chapter two, an analysis of the administration of foreign aid, revealed that until 1960, the administrative machinery was not adequate to scope with the increasing scope of foreign aid, largely because of a divided responsibility.

Management of public enterprise in Canada has been generally entrusted to a public corporation which, it is argued, provides the necessary managerial freedom from undesirable political control. It is also considered to encourage both productive competitiveness, and a sufficient degree of public control in accordance with the principle of responsible government. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the Canadian National Railways are under considerable public control through the media of regulatory and investigative agencies, both parliamentary and governmental. Parliament, which constitutes the apex of the administrative pyramid, possesses sufficient opportunities and methods to exercise its control on these corporations. It is however, suggested that Parliament has not utilized these opportunities to the full extent.

Petroleum is a hydrocarbon known in its liquid state as oil and in its gaseous state as natural gas. It is usually found in the sedimentary basins which make up about one-third of the earth's land surface. Well over a century ago, it came into increasingly general use as a lubricant, and through one of its many derivitives, kerosene, as an energy source. This latter use has since been enhanced powerfully by the rapid industrialization of the western world, the invention of the combustion engine, the decline of coal, and numerous other developments that have characterized the twentieth century.

A comparative study of arbitral decisions rendered in the United States, the Canadian Common Law Provinces and Quebec over grievances arising--in the context of collective agreements that contain no specific provision on the subject--out of Management's action of arranging with an outside firm to have it perform work hitherto done by members of the bargaining unit. The possible effects on future Quebec arbitral awards of a recent amendment to the Labour Relations Act (Sec. 10 A, Ch. 162 A, R.S.Q. 1941) are also analyzed.

This study of the Quebec general election of 1962 is undertaken in the conviction that "elections are of fundamental importance in any democratic society, constituting almost the only occasions when the power of the citizen is brought to b ear directly and formally upon his rulers.” General elections, in a democracy, decide who is to rule and on what terms; every general election, therefore, is a potential turning point in national history. For this reason, if for no other, psephology is an important part of political science. Elections have been analyzed in several ways, the researcher's choice of method depending upon his interests and purposes. This thesis is modeled upon the Nuffield College monographs on British general elections.

The measurement of the supply of money in a country over time depends to a very great extent on the definition of money employed in making up the series. In this thesis I plan to stay very close to the standard, orthodox definition of money. Money will be defined here as any commodity generally used as a means of settling economic obligations. This thesis will focus, therefore, on the means-of-payment function of money with the further stipulation that it must be generally acceptable. What money is in an economy will depend very much on practice, that is, on what people are willing to accept as a means of making settlements. The other functions of money, such as its unit-of-account, store-of-value, and means-of-making-deferred-payments functions will be assumed to be present simply because any means of payment which did not contain these functions would not be generally acceptable for long.

It is intended in this thesis to examine the two concepts of liberty which are referred to as the "positive" and "negative" concepts, and to consider whether it is possible to make a connection between each of these concepts and a corresponding and distinct theory of human nature. These theories of human nature are the "notions" referred to in the sub-title of the thesis. It will be realised that in a work of this nature it is impossible to survey the entire range of philosophers who have, at one time or another, been interested in or referred to liberty.

In recent years, the Canadian mineral industry has enjoyed extraordinary growth. Besides contributing significantly to Canadian national income, the mineral industry has radiated dynamism to other sectors of the economy. As such, it merits systematic study by the student of Canadian economic developments. This dissertation sets forth some of the results of such a study undertaken by this writer during the last few years. The purpose of this study has been to examine the various aspects of financing the Canadian mineral industry. It is a matter of some surprise that the mineral industry has not attracted much scholarly attention so far.