The question of Second Chambers is one of the few problems in political science on which we have received no direct guidance from the Greeks. Indeed, historically the idea of the bicameral legislation is rooted in the stratified society of the Middle Ages, in which the different classes of nobility, clergy, and townsmen composed politically independent estates. When emergency arose, each estate met separately in a "states general" to determine the amount of its contribution to the King’s revenues. "It was largely by accident," says Shepard, “that in England the several social orders came to sit in two Houses.”

The Soviet Union is truly a meeting ground of nationalities; the 1959 census returns list no less than 112 separate races, nationalities and tribes, speaking as many different languages. No other country in the world has such a diversity and mixture of peoples within its borders; consequently, no other country has been faced with such a minority or nationalities problem. The attitude of the Bolsheviks, rulers of the Soviet Union, toward these nationalities, forms the subject matter of this enquiry; in order to understand the factors affecting their attitude, it is first necessary to examine, albeit imperfectly, the Tsarist nationality policy in the Russias, the writings of Marx and Engels upon nationalism, and the view of the Austrian Social-Democrats and Jewish Bundists - for these were the legacies inherited by the Bolsheviks, the first practical, the others theoretical.

Trade takes place between countries because "goods can be obtained from abroad that cannot be produced at home. Also goods that could be produced at home can be obtained at lower cost from other countries". Economists since Ricardo have argued that it pays a country to specialize in the production of those commodities in which it has a comparative advantage. Through specialization, then, a country may be able to buy more of a foreign produced good which could have been produced domestically. It may also obtain goods which could not be produced domestically in exchange for its specialized commodities.

Elitist theory divides society into two groups: the rulers, or "elite", and the ruled, or "masses". In the words of H. D. Lasswell, "this division into elite and mass can be made whenever there are any differences in the amount of power enjoyed by the various persans" in a group. The only assumption made is that power is not equally distributed; when one says that every people is ruled by an elite, “what is said, in effect, is that every people 2 is ruled by--rulers.“ The term that is used to describe the non-elite is "masses".

Earlier econometric studies of import demand functions have been subject to two serious limitations. In the first place, they have been based on highly unreliable price series, that is, price series which have been subject to serious errors of sampling or measurement and, in any case, were ill-suited to the purpose at hand. In the second place, the estimates of import demand parameters have been derived from highly aggregative price and value series and have, therefore, been biased towards zero.

There has been an upsurge of interest since World War II in the study of economic growth and development, and the literature on the subject is now voluminous as reference to any of the standard bibliographies will show. The change in climate has involved academicians, statesmen and politicians as well as citizens, subjects and electorates. The present over-riding concern with the processes of economic development owes a good deal of its impetus to the Second World War.

This thesis is a case study in inflation, showing the interaction between government policy and the development of the inflationary spiral in France from 1944 to 1952. The wartime destructions and attendant shortages laid the groundwork for inflation, but the manner in which it developed was largely influenced by political factors. The first government attempts at stabilization were insufficient, and allowed a wage-price spiral to get under way. [...]

Well over one hundred years have passed since Lord Durham deplored the inadequate development of municipal institutions in what were then the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada. In his celebrated Report he advocated the creation of effective units of local government as a necessary support for the successful establishment of responsible government in the colonies.

The word "career" has attained a striking popularity with the public personnel administrator on both sides of the Atlantic. Most frequently seen in recruitment literature, it is also found quite prominently in writings concerned with different aspects of public personnel administration. The concept of "career" has obviously been growing in importance, both with the administrator and with the ordinary staff member, and both have become increasingly concerned with it. The aims of this enquiry are to study the nature of the concept of career, both in theory and practice, as it applies to the Federal civil service of Canada; to investigate its functions in the Federal civil service and its environment; to compare it with ‘career’ as it applies in theory and in practice in the civil services of Great Britain and the United States; and finally, to evaluate the development and present position of the ‘career service’ in the civil services of these three countries in the light of their present needs and operative trends.

This essay deals with what is commonly called the Canadian 'money market'. Money Market is not a highly refined phrase in the same sense as are 'income-elasticity of demand' or 'marginal efficiency of capital'. Rather it is part of that colourful but mystifying language that is heard in the City, on Wall Street, and on St. James and Bay Streets. [...]