This is a dissertation about the organisational structure of the World Bank, the professional practice of evaluation, and the meaning of the concept of aid effectiveness in practice. In international development, evaluation is a professional activity that determines and then reports on the impacts of aid projects and programmes to the clients of such efforts and to the public. 'Aid effectiveness' is a concept that refers to a standard of how aid projects and organisations should operate and the results, such as economic growth and poverty alleviation, which these efforts should deliver in order to work. The concept of 'aid effectiveness' has also been used in the debate about international development as a system and its reform. Given that aid policymakers and academic researchers often use the data contained in development organisations evaluations to determine the extent to which aid projects and programmes are 'effective', it is critical to analyse what these evaluations measure and what influences their ratings and judgments. Based on a case study of the World Bank, the analysis is primarily qualitative and draws on both interviews with evaluation professionals in the World Bank and content analyses of the logical framework, indicators, and language in the World Bank's evaluations at the project- and country-level. Building on the previous theoretical work in post-structuralism that considers how international development organisations 'produce' their work through certain terms and processes (Escobar, 1995; Crush, 1995), I assess how the professional practice of evaluation in the Bank 'produces' the results of aid at the project- and country-level, specifically in the evaluation reports that it makes publically available. The World Banks data and evaluation reports are a window through which to understand the impact of aid, and several factors that influence this 'window' are assessed, including the institutional role of evaluation, the professional practice of evaluation, and the required evaluation processes within the World Bank. The study has important implications for practitioners of international development, academic researchers, and evaluation professionals who endeavour to improve the aid system and often rely on the results of the World Bank's evaluations to inform their understanding of the impact of particular development efforts. By reshaping the discussion from one which considers if aid 'works' to one about the data and the process of making a judgment about the success of aid projects and programmes, I articulate what the role of evaluation is in practice and what the World Bank's resulting evaluative data do and do not reflect about the World Bank's work. The relationship between the 'scales' of aid is also analysed by comparing and contrasting the evaluation processes at the project-level and the country-level. I challenge the notion of a 'micro-macro paradox' (Mosley, 1986) between the successful results of the World Banks projects and the economic development in its client countries by articulating the actual meaning of this data in context, the unseen institutional forces that shape this data, and the difficulty of asserting a linear relationship between the results of projects and programmes on different scales of aid.

Resumo: Esta dissertação teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho animal e econômico da adição de níveis crescentes de torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de girassol no concentrado para vacas leiteiras. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 0, 20, 40 e 60% de substituição do farelo pela torta. O delineamento experimental foi conduzido em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4, sendo utilizados 8 animais. Avaliou-se o consumo de matéria seca total, da silagem e do concentrado, além da produção de leite. A avaliação econômica foi feita pelo método de orçamentos parciais. O consumo de matéria seca total foi de 13,46; 13,28; 14,1 e 13,47 kg/dia respectivamente para os tratamentos com 0; 20; 40 e 60% de substituição respectivamente. Para o concentrado, o consumo foi de 4,13; 3,95; 4,35 e 4,23 kg/dia respectivamente para cada tratamento. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos tanto para consumo de matéria seca total quanto para o volumoso ou concentrado. As produções médias de leite foram de 13,38; 14,00; 13,45 e 13,96 kg/dia para cada um dos tratamentos. Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para a produção de leite (P>0,05). Os dados indicam, portanto que a torta pode substituir até 60% do farelo no concentrado, sem prejuízo ao desempenho dos animais. A avaliação econômica mostrou que houve aumento do custo das dietas com a inclusão da torta de girassol, contudo, no segundo cenário, em que a torta é produzida na propriedade, houve aumento da receita líquida. / Abstract: The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of addition of sunflower cake with growing levels of inclusion at the concentrate to dairy cows on the economics and animal performance. The levels of 0, 20, 40 and 60 % of inclusion of the sunflower cake in the concentrate constituted the treatments. The experiment was done into two 4 x 4 latine square and the number of animals used was eight. The intakes of total dry matter (TDMI) and of the silage (SDMI) or concentrate (CDMI) and the milk yield were evaluated. The economic evaluation was done by the method of Partial Budget Analysis. The TDMI was 13.46, 13.28, 14.1 and 13.47 kg/day to the treatments with 0, 20, 40 and 60 % of inclusion respectively. The intakes of dry matter of the concentrate, were 4.13, 3.95, 4.35 e 4.23 kg/day, respectively for each treatment. There were not find significant differences (P>0.05) among the treatments as so to the TDMI as to the SDMI or CDMI. The milk yields to each animal were 13.38, 14.00 13.45 and 13.96 kg/day respectively with the levels 0, 20, 40 and 60% of addition of the sunflower cake. In addition, there were not find significant differences between the treatments. Than, the data showed that the sunflower cake could be used with 60% of inclusion and it didn't prejudiced the performance of the animals. The economic evaluation showed that the inclusion of the sunflower cake at the diets, considering the two cenaries, improved the costs with the diet. However, considering a second cenary, were the cake is produced at the farm, the growing of the net income with the inclusion of the cake was observed. / Orientador: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira / Coorientador: Maria Inez Espagnoli Martins / Banca: Paulo de Figueiredo Vieira / Banca: Armando Andrade Rodrigues / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_cc_me_jabo.pdf: 183789 bytes, checksum: f374ab7b94527568686e0c880c1a106d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho animal e econômico da adição de níveis crescentes de torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de girassol no concentrado para vacas leiteiras. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 0, 20, 40 e 60% de substituição do farelo pela torta. O delineamento experimental foi conduzido em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4, sendo utilizados 8 animais. Avaliou-se o consumo de matéria seca total, da silagem e do concentrado, além da produção de leite. A avaliação econômica foi feita pelo método de orçamentos parciais. O consumo de matéria seca total foi de 13,46; 13,28; 14,1 e 13,47 kg/dia respectivamente para os tratamentos com 0; 20; 40 e 60% de substituição respectivamente. Para o concentrado, o consumo foi de 4,13; 3,95; 4,35 e 4,23 kg/dia respectivamente para cada tratamento. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos tanto para consumo de matéria seca total quanto para o volumoso ou concentrado. As produções médias de leite foram de 13,38; 14,00; 13,45 e 13,96 kg/dia para cada um dos tratamentos. Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para a produção de leite (P>0,05). Os dados indicam, portanto que a torta pode substituir até 60% do farelo no concentrado, sem prejuízo ao desempenho dos animais. A avaliação econômica mostrou que houve aumento do custo das dietas com a inclusão da torta de girassol, contudo, no segundo cenário, em que a torta é produzida na propriedade, houve aumento da receita líquida. / The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of addition of sunflower cake with growing levels of inclusion at the concentrate to dairy cows on the economics and animal performance. The levels of 0, 20, 40 and 60 % of inclusion of the sunflower cake in the concentrate constituted the treatments. The experiment was done into two 4 x 4 latine square and the number of animals used was eight. The intakes of total dry matter (TDMI) and of the silage (SDMI) or concentrate (CDMI) and the milk yield were evaluated. The economic evaluation was done by the method of Partial Budget Analysis. The TDMI was 13.46, 13.28, 14.1 and 13.47 kg/day to the treatments with 0, 20, 40 and 60 % of inclusion respectively. The intakes of dry matter of the concentrate, were 4.13, 3.95, 4.35 e 4.23 kg/day, respectively for each treatment. There were not find significant differences (P>0.05) among the treatments as so to the TDMI as to the SDMI or CDMI. The milk yields to each animal were 13.38, 14.00 13.45 and 13.96 kg/day respectively with the levels 0, 20, 40 and 60% of addition of the sunflower cake. In addition, there were not find significant differences between the treatments. Than, the data showed that the sunflower cake could be used with 60% of inclusion and it didn´t prejudiced the performance of the animals. The economic evaluation showed that the inclusion of the sunflower cake at the diets, considering the two cenaries, improved the costs with the diet. However, considering a second cenary, were the cake is produced at the farm, the growing of the net income with the inclusion of the cake was observed.

Implementing behavioral insights into policy making goes along well with widespread effort for increased efficiency. From the public budget administrator point of view, this efficiency is crucial since it directly affects the current state of the budget. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of description of the most important parts of behavioral economics that can be used during the creation and setting of public policies. It also consists of brief description of current behavioral insights teams that are already using the insights representing more realistic behavior and decision making of individuals. In the analytical part of this thesis, I provide methodology of experiment evaluation as well as result extrapolation facets and risks. Those experiments usually take place before any reasonable extension is made. I also provide financial analysis of several experiments, should they be extended to larger group of individuals. In the last chapter of the analytical part, I discuss the possibilities of implementation of behavioral economics in the Czech Republic. Based on the calculations I ran, even a small change of the environment where people make decisions can significantly improve the results of the intervention, all that with minimal costs. It is however important to point out that not all behavioral insights inspirations end with success. Application of behavioral insights into policy making has got a great potential when it comes to the Czech Republic, as I show Using two examples from Health care and taxes revenues.

This thesis deals with management of a particular small village in the six-year period. The theoretical part describes municipal authorities in the Czech Republic, budgetary system, including the municipal budget and budget structure. The practical part analyses economics of the village Jabloňany in the years 2007 - 2012 with a subsequent evaluation of operating and capital management. The practical part is concluded by calculation of the national share revenue from shared taxes for the municipality Jabloňany in 2013. Calculated tax return is included in the municipality draft budget and medium-term financial plan. The conclusion summarizes the overall management of the municipality Jabloňany and outlines the possible use of increased tax revenues.

The diploma thesis is focused on possibility of usage biologically decompostable wastes in the biogas plant. The first part of this thesis describes principal production of the manure gas and as well concrete biogas plants, where are shown different approaches and technologies. The main target of the thesis is based on biogas plant design for manipulation with biologically communal wastes from VUT v Brno and chosen parts of Brno. To the proper design of the biogas plant precede evaluation of accesible wastes from choosen localities. Since we consider wastes from households, the way of collection of those wastes is designed. The thesis also consider economic balance and assesment of the biogas plant. Investment costs are predicted, process costs are evaluated and as well profit from selling of the electric energy is consider, profits from charges for manipulation with wastes and profits from selling of compost.