Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Racy.pdf: 491993 bytes, checksum: 048f5a1bdf1745162be3d49f27e8d988 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / What legitimates a text? In what way may one understand literature and even analyze it? This research has as its objective to think about the existents relations in the production of the English literary field departing from three ways: Pierre Bourdieu s sociological analysis of the exchange of symbolic goods and the social and political relations involving the different social fields with which the literary field relates; the historic situation departing from the analysis of Raymond Williams and Edward Palmer Thompson; and at last, the analysis of the chosen literary piece itself through the ideals of myth, language and literature on Walter Benjamin s thinking. For that given its contradictory position in the field - J.R.R Tolkien s work was chosen as object. Even reaching extraordinary levels of popularity in so little time in a moment when publicity and propaganda hadn t invaded the editorial field, the authors work still lives on despite its success through different generations and classes as minor literature, being excluded and little debated by its legitimate pairs / O que legitima um texto? De que modo se pode compreender a literatura e mesmo analisá-la? Esta dissertação tem como objetivo pensar as relações existentes na produção do campo literário inglês tomando por base três vertentes: a análise sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu sobre a troca dos bens simbólicos e as relações sociais e políticas envolvidas nos diferentes campos sociais com os quais dialoga o campo literário; a situação histórica baseada nas reflexões de Raymond Williams e Edward Palmer Thompson; e por último a análise interna da obra escolhida a partir das reflexões sobre mito, linguagem e literatura no pensamento de Walter Benjamin. Para isso, foi selecionada como objeto de investigação, e por sua situação contraditória no campo literário, a obra de John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, autor que atingiu marcas espetaculares de popularidade em pouco tempo e em um momento em que a publicidade e a propaganda ainda não haviam invadido o campo editorial; talvez por isso, e apesar do sucesso ultrapassou gerações e classes, seja considerado pelo campo literário um autor menor , carente de legitimação entre seus pares

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Racy.pdf: 491993 bytes, checksum: 048f5a1bdf1745162be3d49f27e8d988 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / What legitimates a text? In what way may one understand literature and even analyze it? This research has as its objective to think about the existents relations in the production of the English literary field departing from three ways: Pierre Bourdieu s sociological analysis of the exchange of symbolic goods and the social and political relations involving the different social fields with which the literary field relates; the historic situation departing from the analysis of Raymond Williams and Edward Palmer Thompson; and at last, the analysis of the chosen literary piece itself through the ideals of myth, language and literature on Walter Benjamin s thinking. For that given its contradictory position in the field - J.R.R Tolkien s work was chosen as object. Even reaching extraordinary levels of popularity in so little time in a moment when publicity and propaganda hadn t invaded the editorial field, the authors work still lives on despite its success through different generations and classes as minor literature, being excluded and little debated by its legitimate pairs / O que legitima um texto? De que modo se pode compreender a literatura e mesmo analisá-la? Esta dissertação tem como objetivo pensar as relações existentes na produção do campo literário inglês tomando por base três vertentes: a análise sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu sobre a troca dos bens simbólicos e as relações sociais e políticas envolvidas nos diferentes campos sociais com os quais dialoga o campo literário; a situação histórica baseada nas reflexões de Raymond Williams e Edward Palmer Thompson; e por último a análise interna da obra escolhida a partir das reflexões sobre mito, linguagem e literatura no pensamento de Walter Benjamin. Para isso, foi selecionada como objeto de investigação, e por sua situação contraditória no campo literário, a obra de John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, autor que atingiu marcas espetaculares de popularidade em pouco tempo e em um momento em que a publicidade e a propaganda ainda não haviam invadido o campo editorial; talvez por isso, e apesar do sucesso ultrapassou gerações e classes, seja considerado pelo campo literário um autor menor , carente de legitimação entre seus pares

Notre recherche a examiné un phénomène communicationnel susceptible d’éclairer le processus de la modernisation de la société roumaine au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles :il s’agit de la transformation de l’édition d’une société manufacturière dans « une proto-industrie culturelle » et de la création d’une sphère publique dans ce monde en constante redéfinition. Le rapport entre la croissance des biens culturels produits par les éditeurs et celle de l’intérêt des individus pour la lecture est le centre de notre recherche. Autrement dit, nous avons évalué la fonction sociale de la littérature roumaine et le rôle des livres sur le marché des produits culturels et informationnels. L’intervalle relativement long, de 1880 à 1914, nous a permis de confronter les données spécifiques à la production de littérature d’une manière diachronique, en analysant les stratégies économiques et politiques des acteurs et aussi les conflits résultant des rapports de pouvoir entre ceux-ci. L’analyse des conditions de ces mutations a déterminé les rôles sociaux des instances, les dialogues, les confrontations entre les acteurs et les publics. Nous avons identifié une crise de la littérature roumaine originelle qui a mobilisé une sorte d’internationalisation de la production littéraire. La concurrence des biens, des marchandises culturelles « importées » de l’Occident sous la forme des traductions ou des reformulations est l’un des « potentiateurs » de la création littéraire autochtone. <p>Les lectures croisées de documents (plans éditoriaux, correspondance, presse, journaux intimes et professionnels, etc.) et de sources secondaires (histoires littéraires, travaux de critique, manuels, etc.) nous ont permis de suivre l’évolution des intentions, des objectifs, des réalités et des conséquences sur ce qu’on considère l’histoire officielle de la littérature. Les différences entre les étapes démontrent, d’une manière assez exacte, les degrés de pouvoir des forces impliquées dans la production du canon littéraire ;elles illustrent aussi l’emprise croissante de l’idéologie sur le champ culturel à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle. L’analyse diachronique des parutions éditoriales à travers les 34 années étudiées reflète les changements des politiques culturelles de l’Etat. L’analyse appliquée à la politique éducationnelle de la discipline littérature roumaine nous a permis d’envisager une modification de la stratégie de l’Etat dans ce domaine et de questionner ses effets sur la création du patrimoine national. <p>Le littéraire, acteur central de notre recherche, nous a donné la possibilité d’instrumentaliser plusieurs notions appartenant à l’histoire du livre et de l’édition. De cette manière, les tensions présentes à l’intérieur de l’analyse historique de la littérature ont été transformées en sujet de réflexion, voire de rétablissement de certaines positions de domination. Le concept d’identité bibliographique est convoqué pour réaliser une lecture diachronique d’une époque. Nous avons identifié et analysé toute une série de problématiques passionnantes, telles les relations entre les instances impliquées dans la production, la circulation et la réception des livres littéraires durant la période 1880-1914.<p><p>The PhD thesis entitled The Romanian Literary Identity. Writers, Publishers and Readers in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries examines a communication phenomenon, constituting a scientific enterprise that aims to clarify some aspects relating to the modernization of Romanian society during the Belle Époque: we have in mind the transformation of the “publishing house” from a business dealing with handmade items into a “proto-industrial culture” and the creation of a public sphere in a world constantly seeking to define itself. The relationship between the increasing number of cultural goods produced by publishers and the growing interest in reading among the people represents a main focus of this research. In other words, we tried to assess the social function of Romanian literature and the role of books on the market for cultural and informational products. By choosing a fairly long period of time (1880-1914), we were able to confront the data pertaining to literary production in a diachronic manner, analyzing the economic and political strategies of the “actors”, as well as the conflicts arising from the power relations between those actors. The analysis of the circumstances surrounding the transformations undergone by the Romanian cultural area enabled us to determine more clearly the social roles of the participants, the interactions and confrontations between actors and audiences. We could identify a crisis of the original Romanian literature, a crisis that fostered the “internationalization” of the literary production. The competition between cultural goods “imported” from the West in the form of translations or adaptations was one of the factors enhancing local literary production. <p>The cross-reading of documents (editorial plans, correspondence, press, personal and professional diaries etc.) allowed us to evaluate the evolution of the intentions, goals, realities and consequences of the official history of Romanian literature (which has its origins in this period). The differences between these stages revealed the power statuses of the forces involved in producing the literary canon; they also showed the growing influence of ideology on the cultural field since the end of the nineteenth century. The diachronic analysis of the titles published in the 34 years under scrutiny reflects the changes ocurring in the cultural policies of the state. The educational strategies concerning Romanian literature as a field of study revealed the state’s attitude change towards this area, which enabled us to assess the effects on the development of the “national literary heritage”.<p>The literary field, the central actor of our research, opened the possibility to operationalize several concepts pertaining to the history of book publishing. Thus, the tensions existing within the historical analysis of literature were transformed into a subject of reflection, even re-establishing some positions of dominance. The notion of bibliographical identity was employed in order to do a diachronic reading of the era.<p>The research conducted for this dissertation gave us the opportunity to identify and analyze a range of exciting issues, such as the relationship between the participants involved in the production, dissemination and reception of literary works between 1880 and 1914.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished