No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The study compared competence satisfaction in a ball striking activity, as measured by risk taking and achievement, of individuals with ( N = 16) and without (N = 18) physical disabilities under mastery and performance orientation climates. The students ranged in age from 7-13 years. They were required to strike a ball into nets of three different size-distance combinations. Results supported the first hypothesis of no competence satisfaction differences between the groups under mastery and performance climates. The second hypothesis that the introduction of performance climate would increase risk taking and this would affect achievement accomplishments and competence satisfaction was also supported. Nonetheless, performance climate had a different effect on each ability group with regard to achievement accomplishments. Specifically, performance climate undermined achievement accomplishments for individuals with physical disabilities and encouraged achievement accomplishments for peers without disabilities. Hence, individuals with physical disabilities did not satisfy their need of competence in the same manner as peers without disabilities in the performance climate. For those with physical disabilities performance appears to be crucial, whereas for peers without disabilities risk taking is essential.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of single-sex and coeducational physical education classes on secondary school students' self-confidence levels. A dependent sample of Grade 10 students completed Vealey's State Sport-Confidence Inventory at the completion of their single-sex class and then again at the completion of their coeducational class. They also completed a sport specific self-confidence measure, in order to factor out their confidence in basketball and volleyball from their overall State Sport-Confidence. Some students also participated in focus group interviews at the completion of each class type. Vealey's State Sport-Confidence Inventory showed no significant differences between classes or between genders. However, qualitative results contradicted these findings as females indicated obvious differences between the two class types that would in turn affect their self-confidence levels. The results indicate that more research is needed into how class type affects the self-confidence of students in single-sex and coeducational physical education classes.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Durban-Westville, 1982.

The effects of a gymnastic unit on stereotypic, on-task, and off task behaviors of two children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and two children with Down syndrome were examined using structured teaching, based on adaptations by the TEACCH model. Structured teaching consisted of individual pictorial activity schedules and work systems. The stereotypic, on-task, and off task behaviors were observed during three phases: baseline, treatment, and post-treatment. / Inter-rater reliability of stereotypic, on-task, and off task behaviors was 82.2%. The results indicated reductions on the levels of stereotypic behaviors of both participants with ASD, while no significant changes were observed in the levels of on-task behaviors for these participants. This was probably due to the fact that the gymnastic unit was fairly structured even before the implementation of the treatment. No effects were found on the levels of on-task behaviors of both participants with Down syndrome.

This study investigated the heart rates of children in the first, third, and fifth grades of two schools during physical education class and recess time. One hundred and nine children (56 females, 53 males) participated in the eight-week study. Each participant wore a Polar Vantage XL receptor strap and watch receiver during physical education class and recess time on the same day. The average heart rates and percentage of time in and above the target heart zone of 150 to 200 beats per minute were recorded. A MANOVA analysis revealed no significant difference between heart rates during physical education and recess over the eight-week period. Gender differences, however, were significant as boys average heart rates were higher than girls and boys were in or above the target heart zone a higher percentage of the time than girls. This difference was especially evident at recess. / Fisher Institute for Wellness

Eight years after the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL 105-17), there still appears to be gaps in the efforts to ensure that students with disabilities are given a free and appropriate public education. While the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 aims to create school environments where teachers and paraprofessionals are highly qualified for all students, the issue of having adequately trained paraprofessionals assisting in physical education continues to be ignored. The purpose of this study was to determine the basic profiles of paraprofessionals assigned to physical education and to conduct a needs assessment for training. Participants (N=76) were comprised of paraprofessionals from city and county public schools grades Pre K -12 in Northwest and East Central Indiana, and Northwest Ohio. A twopart questionnaire was given to paraprofessionals in the classrooms to assess current responsibilities in physical education as well as identify training needs they might have in physical education. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency counts, and measures of central tendency (means) to answer all research questions. Results indicated that paraprofessionals who assisted in physical education perceived themselves to be adequately trained despite not having much professional training. Paraprofessional responsibilities in physical education remained vague and unclear; however, results showed paraprofessionals were willing to receive training depending on training length of time and training topics offered. / School of Physical Education