Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is aimed at developing a curriculum framework for consumer learning at a higher education institution, using a case study design. To determine the need for consumer learning at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology – the “bounded context” of the study – a situation analysis was conducted as the first phase of curriculum development. Methods to triangulate data included the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods, together with a thorough literature study. The two sets of empirical data were obtained from two research instruments, namely self-administered survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with learning facilitators (lecturers) at the institution. The survey amongst first-year students was used to assist in the needs assessment for curriculum development at the CPUT and to determine the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes of first-year respondents regarding consumer rights and responsibilities, as well as other consumer-related issues. This not only provided data to analyse the situation, but also assisted in the planning and development of a curriculum framework for consumer learning. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to determine the views and perceptions of learning facilitators regarding the importance of consumer learning, and to gauge the need for such learning at the institution. Aspects relating to the contents, teaching strategies, level of introduction, potential for critical crossfield outcomes development, benefits and major obstacles in the implementation and/or integration into the curriculum were also investigated. The two-tiered situation analysis indicated that students expressed a clear need for consumer learning at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, especially regarding the areas of consumer rights and responsibilities. The importance of consumer learning and the “readiness climate” from the perspective of the learning facilitators was also clearly established. The study culminated in the development of a curriculum framework for consumer learning that is compatible with the requirements of the South African Qualifications Authority and the Higher Education Qualifications Framework in South Africa. Key findings reported in the form of a curriculum framework could serve as a guideline for the planning and implementation of a consumer learning programme at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is onderneem met die doel om ‘n kurrikulumraamwerk vir verbruikersleer aan ‘n hoëronderwysinstelling te ontwikkel. ‘n Gevallestudie-benadering is gebruik om die sosiale verskynsel van verbruikersleer te ondersoek. Om die behoefte aan verbruikersleer aan die Kaapse Skiereilandse Universiteit van Tegnologie – die konteks van die studie – te bepaal, is ‘n situasie-analise onderneem as die eerste fase van kurrikulumontwikkeling. Metodes van triangulasie in hierdie navorsing sluit die benutting van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe gegewens in, asook ‘n literatuurstudie. Die twee stelle empiriese gegewens is verkry vanuit ‘n self-geadministreerde opnamevraelys aan studente en onderhoude met leerfasiliteerders (dosente) aan die instelling. Die doel van die opnamevraelys was om te help met die behoeftebepaling vir kurrikulumontwikkeling aan die Kaapse Skiereilandse Universiteit van Tegnologie, en veral om die kennis, vaardighede, waardes en houdings van eerstejaarrespondente met betrekking tot verbruikersregte en -verantwoordelikhede te bepaal. Dit het nie alleen insig in die situasie-ontleding gegee nie, maar het ook gehelp met die beplanning en ontwikkeling van ‘n kurrikulumraamwerk vir verbruikersleer. Die doel met die gebruik van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude in hierdie studie was om die navorser in staat te stel om die sienswyse en persepsies van leerfasiliteerders met betrekking tot die belangrikheid van verbruikersleer, asook die behoefte daarvoor by die instelling te bepaal. Aspekte wat verband hou met die inhoud, onderrigstrategieë, vlak van bekendstelling, potensiaal vir kritieke uitkomsontwikkeling, voordele en vernaamste struikelblokke in die implementering en/of integrasie van die kurrikulum is ook getoets. Die situasie-analise dui daarop dat studente aan die Kaapse Skiereilandse Universiteit van Tegnologie ‘n behoefte het aan verbruikersleer, veral met betrekking tot die bevordering van verbruikersregte en -verantwoordelikhede. Die belangrikheid van verbruikersleer en die “gereedheidsklimaat” daarvoor vanuit die perspektief van die leerfasiliteerders is ook bevestig. Die resultaat van die navorsing het gelei tot die ontwikkeling van ‘n kurrikulumraamwerk vir verbruikersleer wat versoenbaar is met die vereistes van die Suid-Afrikaanse Kwalifikasie-Owerheid en dié van die Hoëronderwys-Kwalifikasieraamwerk in Suid-Afrika. Sleutelbevindings in verband met verbruikersleer is ook in die raamwerk opgeneem. Hierdie bevindings kan as ‘n riglyn dien vir die beplanning en implementering van ‘n verbruikersleerprogram aan die Kaapse Skiereilandse Universiteit van Tegnologie.

Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Culinary studies is a relatively young and unfamiliar field of study which engages the application of life and natural sciences, business and technology in a food-specific environment. The growth in the demand for training, re-training and continuing professional development in the culinary arts can be attributed to factors such as enhanced culinary programmes at high school level, an increased level of education and expectation about food in general, growth in culinary tourism and highly polished food magazines or other publications. The celebrity status of high-profile chefs and a stronger economy that enables more people to explore fine dining and gourmet food can be added to the list of factors that influence the interest in culinary arts as a profession. The number of qualified culinary professionals has increased over the last 10 years in South Africa, providing a large corps of people with a good understanding of this field of study and a need for continuing professional development opportunities. This study was a response to the challenges of the demand for continuing professional development opportunities from this growing body of culinary professionals. The demand for continuing professional development opportunities in culinary studies is becoming more complex and challenging for both learner and teacher. Although institutions that provide training in hospitality are also in the business of culinary education, their perspectives and focus are quite diverse. Culinary education can therefore be improved through a deeper understanding of the curriculum development process combined with the expectations of both the industry and the individual. A fundamental shortcoming in the field of culinary education is often that persons with limited expertise in the field of curriculum studies bear the primary responsibility for addressing curriculum challenges. The development of curricula for professional development in culinary studies subsequently happens at the expense of understanding the curriculum. The primary aim therefore of this study was to identify and propose a curriculum framework for continuing professional development in culinary arts. This framework might contribute to providing a curriculum foundation, credibility to the broad hospitality industry and specifically to culinary studies, as well as to the securing of some uniformity of standards over the spectrum of culinary qualifications. A scientifically validated situational analysis was executed by means of focus group discussions, personal interviews, curriculum comparisons and an electronic mail questionnaire survey, which mainly generated qualitative data. These techniques were used in triangulation as research instruments to investigate the needs for continuing professional development in culinary arts and the availability of curricula to address these needs. The greatest challenges in culinary studies were reflected in the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of this relatively undefined industry and field of study. The intricate relation, interaction, collaboration and contexts between secondary schools, various culinary training institutions, industry and culinary professionals were investigated. The data generated confirmed the need for training and development opportunities to improve the professional status of culinary professionals in South Africa The promotion of a change in direction for culinary studies development in South Africa could ensure future growth as a discipline cognitively and professionally, in line with international standards, procedures and practices. The range of challenges and changes facing the industry varies from social issues to the educational issues of qualifications and credible accreditations, which are addressed in the proposed curriculum framework. The lack of more empirical research in this field of study is an indication that both students and professionals should be encouraged to do the relevant research and that higher education institutions should provide the opportunities and structures for such research.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-08T11:25:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Alberto da Silva.pdf: 821990 bytes, checksum: a1e5ed65863a649de4b457c0be0a4823 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T11:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Alberto da Silva.pdf: 821990 bytes, checksum: a1e5ed65863a649de4b457c0be0a4823 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The general objective of this qualitative research was to analyze the working conditions of beginning collaborative professors of public universities in Paraná State at their early careers and the possible implications in the construction of their professionality and professionalization. Thus, the thesis defended is that working conditions can affect the construction of both professionality and professionalization of those professors. The theoretical basis of the research was based on authors who debate the condition and precariousness of teaching work; professionality and professionalization; the challenges of the work of those beginning professors in higher education. The methodological trajectory consisted of a survey on the number of temporary beginning professors at all the seven state universities in Paraná. As for the data collection procedure, we chose semi-structured interviews, whose results were analyzed by means of Prose Analysis and in light of the theoretical framework that backed those debates. The subjects of the research were four beginning collaborative professors of two higher education institutions in Paraná State, chosen by the criterion of time of implantation and operation of those institutions: one more recent and another one selected for being one of the oldest public universities in that State. The axis of analysis were as follows: a) working conditions of professors; b) convergent approaches to professionality; c) convergent approaches to professionalization; d) perception of oneself as a beginning higher education teacher; e) reflexes of the interview on the interviewees themselves. The results of the study allowed us to consider that the precariousness of the teaching work is manifested, among other factors, in the increase of temporary contracts in public universities in Paraná; in the condition denied to those teachers regarding the possibility of authorship in research projects as well as in participation in training courses; in the constant participation in contests due to validity periods and the consequent alternation of institutions and college subjects. It became increasingly evident that professors consider their permanence as collaborative professors as a provisional situation, reason why it is inferred that they do not have a greater critical reflection on that problem. Thus, the initial hypothesis is that working conditions can affect the professionality and professionalization of professors, especially considering the obscure purposes of the policies directed to the teaching career and having direct effects on the downtrodden professional trajectories of professors governed by temporary contracts / O objetivo geral desta pesquisa, cuja abordagem foi qualitativa, consistiu em analisar a condição de trabalho do professor colaborador iniciante de universidades públicas do estado do Paraná e as possíveis implicações na constituição de sua profissionalidade e da sua profissionalização. Assim, a tese aqui defendida é que a condição de trabalho pode afetar a constituição da profissionalidade e a profissionalização do professor. A ênfase em nosso estudo é dada ao professor colaborador iniciante do ensino superior, em instituições públicas do estado do Paraná. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa encontra-se firmada em autores que discutem a condição do trabalho docente; a precarização do trabalho docente; a profissionalidade; a profissionalização, o professor iniciante no ensino superior e a situação do professor colaborador nas universidades públicas paranaenses. A metodologia adotada partiu de um levantamento inicial do número de professores temporários iniciantes na carreira junto a sete universidades estaduais paranaenses. Quanto aos procedimentos de coleta de dados, optou-se pela realização de entrevistas seguindo um roteiro semiestruturado, cujos resultados foram analisados pela análise de prosa, proposta por André (1983), e à luz do referencial teórico que sustenta as discussões. A amostra desta pesquisa constou, assim, de quatro professores colaboradores iniciantes de duas instituições de ensino superior do estado do Paraná O principal critério utilizado para a seleção dos professores entrevistados foi a data de implantação das instituições, tendo sido selecionada duas, uma mais recente e outra selecionada por ser uma das mais antigas universidades públicas paranaenses. Considerou-se que a abordagem com professores iniciantes contratados como colaboradores em uma universidade mais antiga e em uma mais recente poderia ser importante para a compreensão do objeto em questão. Após a transcrição, leitura e análise das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas, procuramos fragmentos de falas relevantes para a análise que pretendíamos realizar, com ênfase para os assuntos trazidos por eles nas entrevistas, que se aproximavam ou se distanciavam da tese aqui defendida, acerca das condições de trabalho docente do professor colaborador do ensino superior do estado do Paraná. Como resultado das reflexões trazidas pela leitura dos resultados das entrevistas, elegemos os seguintes eixos de análise: a) condições de trabalho docente; b) abordagens convergentes para a profissionalidade; c) abordagens convergentes para a profissionalização; d) percepção de si mesmo como professor iniciante do ensino superior; e) reflexos da pesquisa para os entrevistados. A análise de prosa foi realizada a partir de cada um dos eixos, buscando sempre o respaldo do embasamento de autores provenientes de nossa pesquisa teórica, em especial dos estudos correlatos. Os resultados de nosso estudo levam-nos a considerar que a precarização do trabalho docente manifesta-se, dentre outros fatores, no aumento de contratos temporários em universidades públicas paranaenses, na condição diferenciada desses docentes com relação a possibilidade de pesquisas e participação em cursos de formação, na troca de instituições e disciplinas constantes, entre outras, o que pode conduzir a lacunas na construção da profissionalidade docente e na profissionalização desse docente. Evidenciamos em nossa análise a transitoriedade da condição de professores colaboradores, diante da preocupação em se tornar efetivo, manifestada por todos os entrevistados. Deste modo, observamos de maneira recorrente que os docentes consideram sua permanência como professores colaboradores como uma situação provisória, razão pela qual inferimos não haver, por parte deles, uma reflexão maior sobre esta problemática. Assim, retomamos nossa tese inicial, em que pressupomos que a condição de trabalho pode afetar a profissionalidade e a profissionalização do professor. Julgamos ter elementos suficientes para confirmar esta ideia, sobretudo quando percebemos que a condição de trabalho docente se constrói, em grande parte, a partir da ideia de mudança e o professor iniciante precisa se firmar, na profissão, sobre fios tênues que vão se tecendo sobre as inconstantes demandas de sua profissão. Conforme já anunciamos, isto pode interferir na constituição da profissionalidade docente, sobretudo se considerarmos os obscuros propósitos das políticas voltadas à carreira docente, assim como as etapas da caminhada profissional dos professores regidos pelos contratos temporários

Postsecondary teaching and learning must be reoriented to equip learners with the knowledge, skills, and values they will need for creating a more sustainable world. This action research study examined the effects of implementing the Bums model of sustainability pedagogy in university courses taught by the researcher. This model is comprised of five key dimensions: (1 )Content; (2)Perspectives; (3)Process; (4)Context; and (5)Design. The Burns model of sustainability pedagogy seeks to: (1) increase learners' systemic understanding of complex sustainability issues (Content); (2) provide learners with opportunities to think critically about dominant paradigms, practices and power relationships and consider complex ecological and social issues from diverse perspectives (Perspectives); (3) enhance learners' civic responsibility and intentions to work toward sustainability through active participation and experience (Process); (4) increase learners' understanding of and connection with the geographical place and the community in which they live (Context); and (5) utilize an ecological course design to create transformative learning (Design). This pedagogical model reflects education as sustainability, a transformative learning process through which learners' values and perspectives change so that they are able to embrace sustainability and take action for change. Findings revealed that through the use of sustainability themes, students came to understand sustainability Content concretely, personally, and multidimensionally. Students understood multiple Perspectives and power relationships through experiential learning, through relationships with one another, by hopeful examples, and by learning to think critically. Due to a participatory and experiential learning Process, students expressed intentions to buy locally and to act directly for sustainable change. Through a focus on Context, students experienced stronger connections to their local community. A self-reflective teaching process and relational learning was important to the Design of a transformational learning process. The results show that the Burns model of sustainability pedagogy can be adapted to university courses in various disciplines. This study contributes to the field of sustainability education by providing an example ofan effective model for teaching sustainability at the university level. In order to prepare diverse learners for leadership roles in a sustainable world, attention must be focused on integrating transformative sustainability pedagogy throughout postsecondary education.

Online learning is a rapidly growing phenomenon in post-secondary education. Institutions of higher learning have embraced online learning for its perceived merits, but without the consideration of how instructors deal with this different learning medium. Little is known of the extent to which different disciplines are suited to the online medium; this is pertinent to disciplines that rely on spontaneous in-person discussion. Furthermore, as colleges continue to invest heavily in online learning, instructors who only possess face-to-face teaching experience may begin teaching online. This poses a pedagogical challenge for instructors who are unfamiliar with the medium. This qualitative, in-depth interview study with ten social science instructors elucidates the process of transition from face-to-face teaching to online teaching. Through grounded analysis, a few key themes emerged. Respondents explain that teaching in the online classroom is qualitatively different from teaching in-person. The asynchronisity of the online classroom - which means students do not "meet", discuss, or learn at the same time - is a subtle yet significant difference between the two mediums. The asynchronous classroom means instructors relinquish control of when and where students will engage in study and discussion, and this requires students to have especially high self-regulatory skills. Respondents also explained that their online courses were several times larger than their in-person ones, with some courses allowing over twice as many students as an in-person course. Consequently, instructors must find new ways to approach teaching in the online medium. This pitfall of relying on old, obsolete methods in the online medium can be avoided if instructors are provided with the peer and pedagogical support of their professional peers, and access to teaching assistants to manage the greater time commitment of teaching online. In order to have a positive experience, online teachers must be willing to take on an intellectual challenge that may defy how they perceive themselves and their role in higher education. If instructors are open to a new intellectual challenge and possess the proper resources, they will become committed to teaching online and perceive the advantages of the medium to outweigh the disadvantages.

Text in English / The primary aim of this study is to explore and describe experiences of peer helpers at an Open Distance Learning institution since the start of their joining the Unisa Peer Help Volunteer Programme. This study was conducted with the intention of granting the peer helpers an opportunity to reflect on their individual experiences and in so doing in laying the foundation for future studies, intended to steer the Unisa peer help volunteer programme to new frontiers, while simultaneously highlighting the contribution that has been made by the Unisa Peer Help Voluntary Programme. An intrinsic case study design has been utilised in order to gain comprehensive insight into peer helpers’ experiences. A sample of seven peer helpers were interviewed using the semi-structured interview technique. The main findings from this study can be categorised into four distinctive themes namely: (a) the peer helpers’ goals for joining the Unisa Peer Help Volunteer Programme; (b) construction of roles as peer helpers at an open distance learning institution; (c) positive experiences of participating in the Unisa peer help volunteer programme; and (d) the negative experiences of participating in the Unisa Peer Help Volunteer Programme. The findings have painted a positive picture of how the Unisa peer help volunteer programme has contributed in shaping the lives of the peer helpers. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology (Research Consultation))

The major goal of the Bachelor of Adult Education degree is to equip officers with the prerequisite skills, knowledge and attitudes to design and deliver programmed instruction to different categories of learners as well as to equip them with skills to conduct research in the field of adult education practice. The present study undertakes to investigate the reasons for lack of patronage for the adult education degree at Zimbabwe Staff College (ZSC) by exploring the quality of the adult education degree programme in terms of its effectiveness, relevance, value and its ability to enhance the quality of life. An adult education degree programme should reflect the sociocultural realities and experiences of adult learners. Participatory approaches should inform the development and implementation of curriculum. The aim of the study is to inform decisionmaking aimed at programme improvement. Effectiveness entails adequacy and appropriateness of teaching methods and support services. Relevance is ensured by considering the policy framework, curriculum provision, learners‟ needs and non–participation in the programme. Value constitutes the ability to improve the economic, professional, social and political aspects of life. Using the qualitative case study design, seven students and two administrators were selected using purposeful sampling, which is informed by the non-probability theory of sampling, to participate in individual and focus group interviews, which were subsequently conducted and generated data for analysis. Available relevant documents were analysed. The major finding revealed that a lack of recognition of the adult education programme by superiors at ZSC was the major obstacle to participation. Lack of recognition was found to be attributable to the absence of any national lifelong learning policy, ZSC policy framework, institutional structural conditions, and non–participatory curriculum development process and also to other associated barriers. The non-existence of the national and local policies on adult education was found to be negatively affecting not only participation but also the quality of the content provision because a lifelong learning policy framework is supposed to be informing design and practice. Recommendations focus on revision of the policy framework and the way the policies are implemented at national and local levels. A review of the implementation of policy is imperative if the restrictions responsible for the invisibility of adult education in the country and adult education programmes at ZCS are to be removed. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Text in English / The primary aim of this study is to explore and describe experiences of peer helpers at an Open Distance Learning institution since the start of their joining the Unisa Peer Help Volunteer Programme. This study was conducted with the intention of granting the peer helpers an opportunity to reflect on their individual experiences and in so doing in laying the foundation for future studies, intended to steer the Unisa peer help volunteer programme to new frontiers, while simultaneously highlighting the contribution that has been made by the Unisa Peer Help Voluntary Programme. An intrinsic case study design has been utilised in order to gain comprehensive insight into peer helpers’ experiences. A sample of seven peer helpers were interviewed using the semi-structured interview technique. The main findings from this study can be categorised into four distinctive themes namely: (a) the peer helpers’ goals for joining the Unisa Peer Help Volunteer Programme; (b) construction of roles as peer helpers at an open distance learning institution; (c) positive experiences of participating in the Unisa peer help volunteer programme; and (d) the negative experiences of participating in the Unisa Peer Help Volunteer Programme. The findings have painted a positive picture of how the Unisa peer help volunteer programme has contributed in shaping the lives of the peer helpers. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology (Research Consultation))

The major goal of the Bachelor of Adult Education degree is to equip officers with the prerequisite skills, knowledge and attitudes to design and deliver programmed instruction to different categories of learners as well as to equip them with skills to conduct research in the field of adult education practice. The present study undertakes to investigate the reasons for lack of patronage for the adult education degree at Zimbabwe Staff College (ZSC) by exploring the quality of the adult education degree programme in terms of its effectiveness, relevance, value and its ability to enhance the quality of life. An adult education degree programme should reflect the sociocultural realities and experiences of adult learners. Participatory approaches should inform the development and implementation of curriculum. The aim of the study is to inform decisionmaking aimed at programme improvement. Effectiveness entails adequacy and appropriateness of teaching methods and support services. Relevance is ensured by considering the policy framework, curriculum provision, learners‟ needs and non–participation in the programme. Value constitutes the ability to improve the economic, professional, social and political aspects of life. Using the qualitative case study design, seven students and two administrators were selected using purposeful sampling, which is informed by the non-probability theory of sampling, to participate in individual and focus group interviews, which were subsequently conducted and generated data for analysis. Available relevant documents were analysed. The major finding revealed that a lack of recognition of the adult education programme by superiors at ZSC was the major obstacle to participation. Lack of recognition was found to be attributable to the absence of any national lifelong learning policy, ZSC policy framework, institutional structural conditions, and non–participatory curriculum development process and also to other associated barriers. The non-existence of the national and local policies on adult education was found to be negatively affecting not only participation but also the quality of the content provision because a lifelong learning policy framework is supposed to be informing design and practice. Recommendations focus on revision of the policy framework and the way the policies are implemented at national and local levels. A review of the implementation of policy is imperative if the restrictions responsible for the invisibility of adult education in the country and adult education programmes at ZCS are to be removed. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

This is a phenomenographic study, of which the aim was to explore the variation of experiences, needs, views and understandings through a phenomenographic study of academics who were enrolled in the MEd in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) at Unisa during 2012-2015. The MEd in ODL is a dual university programme between University of South Africa (Unisa) and University of Maryland University College (UMUC). The research question was around issues which Unisa academic staff members experienced during the course of their enrolment for the MEd in ODL. Relevant scholarly literature on online learning, theories for online learning, and previous research on online learning, was surveyed in this regard. Variation theory which framed the study through a phenomenographic research lens was described. Interviews were conducted with seven participants from the students on the MEd in ODL programme. Postings on MyUnisa Discussion Forum which were treated as data were analysed in relation to the aspects raised in the interviews. The findings revealed students’ varied online experiences in the three main aspects namely, experience and understanding, understanding the object of learning and learning objects. Important recommendations made, were based on the findings. In conclusion, the findings exhibited students’ varied experiences about issues which they battle with in the MEd in ODL programme, of which Unisa should take into consideration as they further enrol students in the programme. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Open and Distance Learning)