Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Marion Island is situated approximately 2600 km southeast of Cape Town and is the larger of the two islands that comprise the Prince Edward Island group. During past glaciation events, Marion was partially covered by ice with fauna and flora confined to isolated refugia across the island. As a result of these long-term isolation events, it is postulated that species predating these glaciation events might show geographic partitioning of genetic variation. Subsequently, the majority of Southern Oceanic islands have a history of sealing activities with vessels frequenting various islands in their hunt for seals. These combined visits to several islands could have facilitated the introduction of alien species, or the reintroduction of species already present on islands. These incidents, combined with more recent scientific voyages, have led to the establishment of several exotic species on Marion Island. Two indigenous Collembola species (Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem, 1901) and Tullbergia bisetosa (Börner, 1903)) were chosen as model species to investigate the possible effects of glaciation on the spatial distribution of genetic variation on indigenous species. Given the negative impact that alien taxa have on indigenous species and ecosystems, the phylogeographic population structure of the recently introduced Isotomurus cf. palustris (Müller, 1876) was determined and compared to those described for the two indigenous species. To address these questions, two mitochondrial DNA genes were targeted: cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII). These genes were sequenced (GENBANK accession numbers DQ147289-DQ147558) and analysed using, amongst others, AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance), SAMOVA (Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance) and NCA (Nested Clade Analysis). As expected, the two indigenous species showed distinct signs of population expansion, whilst the recently introduced species exhibits little genetic variance across its range. The life histories of species have an influence on their resultant genetic signature; therefore life history parameters were incorporated to explain differences in the phylogeographic patterns observed for these three species. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Marion Eiland is die groter van twee eilande wat die Prins Edward eilandgroep vorm, ongeveer 2600 km suid-oos vanaf Kaapstad. Gedurende glasiasie episodes in die verlede, was Marion gedeeltelik met ys bedek en fauna en flora was geisoleer in klein gedeeltes van die eiland wat beskut was. As gevolg van hierdie langtermyn isolasie word daar voorgestel dat spesies wat op die eiland was voor hierdie gebeurtenisse plaasgevind het, ‘n geografiese verdeling van genetiese variasie sal toon. Sedertdien het die meerderheid van die eilande in die Suidelike Oseaan ook ‘n geskiedenis van skepe wat op een of meer van die eilande aangedoen het in die jag op robbe. Hierdie besoeke deur die robjagters aan die eilande het meegebring dat daar eksotiese spesies op die eiland aangekom het of dat spesies wat reeds op die eiland voorgekom het, opnuut daar geland het. Hierdie, tesame met die onlangse wetenskaplike reise na Marion Eiland, het daartoe gelei dat baie eksotiese spesies ingevoer is na die eiland. Twee inheemse spesies, naamlik Cryptopygus antarcticus (Willem, 1901) en Tullbergia bisetosa (Börner, 1903) is gekies om as model spesies te dien om die moontlike gevolge van glasiasie op die geografiese verspreiding van genetiese variasie te toets. In ag geneem die moontlike negatiewe impak wat eksotiese spesies op die inheemse spesies mag hê, is die filogeografie van ‘n uitheemse spesie, Isotomurus cf. palustris (Müller, 1876) ook bepaal en vergelyk met díe van die bogenoemde inheemse spesies. Dit is gedoen deur twee gene, sitokroom oksidase I (COI) en sitokroom oksidase II (COII) te analiseer. Hierdie gene se basispaarvolgordes is bepaal (GENBANK toetreenommers DQ147289-DQ147558), en hulle is ge-analiseer deur gebruik te maak van AMOVA (Analise van Molekulêre Variasie), SAMOVA (Ruimtelike Analises van Molekulêre Variasie) en NCA (geseteldegroepsanalises). Net soos verwag, het die twee inheemse spesies albei duidelike tekens getoon van ‘n bevolkingstoename terwyl die uitheemse spesie amper geen variasie oor sy verspreidingsgebied getoon het nie. Die lewensstyle van spesies het ‘n beduidende invloed op hulle genetiese bevolkingstruktuur. As sulks is díe in ag geneem om die verskille tussen hulle genetiese strukture te verduidelik.

No description available.

Throughout his Preparatory Meditations, Edward Taylor used many images to deprecate himself. These images reflected his Puritan religious beliefs rather than an extremely low self-image. The themes of his poetry were taken from the Bible, but they reflected the many duties which befell him in conjunction with his ministry at Westfield. By using images which were most familiar to him and the rhetorical devices of the seventeenth century, Taylor sought to seek God's forgiveness by doing His will--confessing personal guilt, asking for forgiveness, and praising God's mercy. Because the meditations were directed only to God, Taylor never sought to publish them. Like the child he so desperately wanted to be looked upon as, he sought only his father's favor.

No description available.

This thesis attempts to examine some of Mqhayi' s literary works to establish their merit in terms of the images that are realised. In the main this necessitates the evaluation of the literary and linguistic qualities of his contributions which include essays and lectures, poetry and the translation of UAdonisi waseNtlango. This thesis further analyses and interprets Mqhayi 's thoughts and ideas regarding politics, economy and religion. Mqhayi gives these a universal image which prevents the critic from viewing him only in an African sense. From this study, specific subjects such as ubuntu, education, Christianity, culture and nation building emerge as the cornerstones of his literary intentions. The thesis also analyses images which are portrayed through skilful use of language and literary devices to determine their relevance in the present South African situation. Mqhayi shows tremendous foresight by interpreting a present situation to determine the future. Some of his predictions which manifest themselves in no uncertain terms at the present moment arc given attention in this study. Mqhayi uses his imbongi poetic licence to criticise and resolve without alienating his people against what he perceives to be wrong in society relating to culture, modern education, politics, economics and Christianity. In his opinion western values should not replace traditional Xhosa values, but a situation of compromise should be created which would result in a reconciliation of traditions. In the analysis and interpretation of his views it becomes clear that his focus and emphasis is on similarities which by far oumumber differences as a yardstick for better understanding. His translations from English literature and especially from Afrikaans (UAdonisi waseNtlanga) which he learned through self-tuition show a concerted attempt to bridge cultural and ideological divisions. In the final analysis the study of Mqhayi, other than revealing his exceptional literary ability establishes his supreme belief mirrored in his essays and poetry, that blacks and whites of this country should seek a radical break vvith the past and embrace the future as a people. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Climate sets range limits in many taxa, and as climate changes, the ranges that plants and animals occupy are altered. The responses of species to climate change involve either migration or local adaptation. An investigation of the local physiological adaptation shown by indigenous and alien arthropods to temperature acclimation formed the primary focus of this study. Increased environmental temperatures favour the establishment of alien species on Southern Ocean Islands. The first records of Porce/lio scaber Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda, Porcellionidae) and an Aphidius wasp species from Marion Island were documented here. The alien wasp was discovered in 2003 and had a current known distribution along the east coast of Marion Island. Both isopods and wasps were reproducing successfully on Marion Island. The wasp species is an aphid parasitoid and had been found mummifying the alien aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. These introductions highlighted the ongoing conflict between use and conservation on the Southern Ocean Islands. Despite considerable work on the upper and lower lethal limits of insects, several major taxa have received little attention. Here this issue was addressed and the lower and upper thermal tolerances and cold hardiness strategy of Antarciopsocus jeanneli Badonnel (Psocoptera: Elipsocidae) from sub-Antarctic Marion Island was investigated. A. jeanneli is freeze intolerant, and more specifically, moderately chill tolerant. Field fresh A. jeanne li had a mean supercooling point (SCP) of -11.1oC, whereas LTSO was -7.7°C, indicating pre-freeze mortality. A. jeanneli responded to acclimation: mean SCP increased from -IS.8°C at a treatment temperature ofO°C, to -7.3°C at ISOC. Investigations of the responses to acclimation of upper and lower lethal limits and limits to activity in insects have focussed primarily on Drosophila. Halmaeusa atriceps (Staphylinidae) was examined for thermal tolerance responses to acclimation, and seasonal acclimatization. In summer and winter, lower lethal temperatures of adults and larvae were c. -7.6 ± 0.03 and -11.1 ± 0.06 °C, respectively. Supercooling points (SCPs) were more variable, with winter SCPs of -S.4 ± 0.4 °C in larvae and -6.3 ± 0.8 °C in adults. The species appeared to be chill susceptible in summer and moderately freeze tolerant in winter, thus showing seasonal acclimatization. Critical thermal minima varied between -3.6 ± 0.2 and -0.6 ± 0.2 °C in larvae, and from -4.1 ± 0.1 to -0.8 ± 0.2 °C in adults. These findings were in keeping with the general pattern found in insects, although this species differed in several respects from others found on Marion Island. In this study the differential responses of indigenous and invasive springtails to temperature were explicitly examined in the context of the beneficial acclimation hypothesis (BAH) and its alternatives. In particular, the thermal acclimation responses of desiccation resistance, supercooling ability, lower and upper thermal limits were compared. Invasive springtails (Pogonognathellus jlavescens, Isotomurus palustris and Ceratophysella denticulata) did not display greater phenotypic flexibility than indigenous springtails (Cryptopygus antarcticus and Tullbergia bisetosa), but did perform better under high temperature conditions. Indigenous species, however, performed better under low temperature conditions. In most cases the BAH was not supported, or could not be distinguished from its alternatives. The prediction that invasive species will outperform indigenous species as climates on Southern Ocean Islands warm was supported. Because temperature plays such a large role in the distribution, abundance and physiological tolerances of invertebrates, microhabitat temperatures along an altitudinal gradient (0 to 800 m above sea level (asi)) were investigated over a two-year period on Marion Island. Mean microhabitat temperatures were comparable to those from previous studies for Southern Ocean Islands, and declined with increasing altitude. The 800 m asl site had the most severe microclimate (highest absolute maximum, lowest absolute minimum and the highest frequency of freeze-thaw cycles). Year one was substantially colder than year two, indicating that interannual variation in microclimate conditions could be responsible for substantial mortality amongst. invertebrate populations. Indeed, indigenous species were best able to tolerate the high incidence of low temperatures at high altitudes, whereas alien species appeared to be confined to lower altitudinal sites on Marion Island, possibly as a consequence of extreme low temperatures at higher altitudes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klimaat is een van die grootste faktore wat die verpreiding en digthede van dier en plantspesies bepaal. Soos wat klimaatsverandering plaasvind, kan spesies migreer om stresvolle klimaatstoestande te vermy, of hulle kan aanpas by plaaslike omstandighede. Dit is die laasgenoemde opsie wat in hierdie tesis ondersoek was. Die opsporing van Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda Porcellionidae) en 'n Aphidius wesp van Marion Eiland word hier aangeteken. Die huidige verspreiding van houtluise in die omgewing van die Navorsingstasie dui daarop dat hulle die eiland waarskynlik vanaf Kaapstad in bou-materiaal bereik het. Die wesp is gedurende 2003 ontdek en is tans versprei langs die oostelike kuslyn van Marion Eiland. Beide hierdie spesies plant suksesvol voort op Marion Eiland. Die wesp spesie parasiteer die uitheemse plantluis Rhopalosiphum padi. Uitheemse muise en die inheemse kleinskedebek weier tot dusver om P. scaber te eet. Die ontdekking van twee nuwe uitheemse spesies dui weereens op die konflik tussen bewaring en benutting van die Suidsee Eilande. Ten spyte daarvan dat aansienlike aandag gewy is aan die hoë- en lae temperatuur toleransies van insekte, is daar talle taksa wat selde nagevors word. Dié toleransies is dus nagevors vir die boekluis Antarctopsocus jeanneli Badennel (Psocoptera: Elipsocidae) van Marion Eiland. Die spesie is vries vermydend, en meer spesifiek, matig verkoelingsbestand. Veldvars A. jeanneli het 'n gemiddelde superverkoelingspunt van - 11.1 °C gehad, en letale temperature (LTSO) van -7.7 °C, wat aandui dat individue vrek voordat hulle vnes, Hierdie spesie reageer op akklimasie: gemiddelde superverkoelingspunt het toegeneem van -15.8 °C na akklimasie by 0 °C tot -7.3 °C na akklimasie by 15 oe. Die effek van akklimasie op temperatuur toleransie in insekte het dusver meestalop Drosophila gefokus. Hier vors ons die effek van akklimasie op die temperatuur toleransie van Halmaeusa atriceps (Styphylynidae) na. In die somer en winter was die lae letale temperature van kewers en larwes onderskeidelik -7.6 ± 0.03 en -11.1 ± 0.06 °C. Superverkoelingspunte (SVP) het meer gevarieer, met SVP van -5.4 ± 0.4 °C in larwes en -6.3 ± 0.8 oe in kewers. Die spesie IS verkoelingsvatbaar in die somer en matig vriesbestand in die winter, wat dui op akklimatisasie in hierdie spesie. Kritiese termale minima het tussen -3.6 ± 0.2 en -0.6 ± 0.2 oe in larwes, en tussen -4.1 ± 0.1 tot -0.8 ± 0.2 oe in kewers gewissel. Hierdie spesie blyk dieselfde fisiologiese tendense wat in insekte te vinde is uit te beeld, maar verskil in verskeie opsigte van ander insekte op Marion Eiland. Hierdie studie het ook die verskillende reaksies van inheemse en uitheemse springsterte met betrekking tot temperatuur akklimasie bestudeer. Die voordelige-akklimasie hipotese en sy alternatiewe hipoteses is in terme van akklimasiereaksies tot desikkasie weerstand, superverkoeling en lae- en hoë temperatuur bestandheid in Marion Eiland springsterte getoets. Die uitheemse springsterte (Pogonognathellus jlavescens, Isotomurus cf palustris en Ceratophysella denticulata) het nie beter fenotipiese plastisiteit getoon as die inheemse spesies (Cryptopygus antarcticus en Tullbergia bisetosa) nie. Die inheemse spesies het egter beter gevaar onder lae-temperatuur toestande. Die voordeligeakklimasie hipotese ontvang nie veelondersteuning in die huidige studie nie, maar kon in sommige gevalle nie van die alternatiewe hipoteses onderskei word nie. Klimaatsverandering mag uitheemse spesies bevoordeel. Die rol wat temperatuur in die verspreiding en fisiologiese toleransies van invertebrate speel word lank reeds waardeer. Daarom vors hierdie studie die mikrohabitat temperature teen 'n gradient tussen seespieël en 800 m bo seespieël (m bs) oor 'n tydperk van twee jaar op Marion Eiland na. Gemiddelde temperature is vergelykbaar met die van vorige studies op Marion Eiland, en neem af soos wat hoogte bo seespieël toeneem. Die 800 m bs studie-gebied het die mees stresvolle mikrohabitat-toestande ondervind (die hoogste absolute maksimum, laagste absolute minimum temperature, en die meeste vries-ontdooi siklusse). Inheemse spesies op Marion Eiland toon hoër.toleransies tot lae temperature as uiheemse spesies, laasgenoemde kom slegs voor by laer hoogtes bo seespieël, waar ekstreme ternperatuur-toestande dalk minder volop is. Klimaatsverwarming mag egter tot 'n toename in ekstreme weerstoestande lei op Marion Eiland, wat aansienlike mortaliteit in invertebraat populasies kan veroorsaak.

Songs of Dusk and Renewal sets two poems from Alfred Edward Housman’s A Shropshire Lad (1896) for baritone voice and orchestra, with the intent to demonstrate the timeless significance of the text. Housman’s collection, largely explored by English composers in the first half of the twentieth century, remains a valid source for composers, yet the writings are seldom observed in recent music. In the present work, poems IV (“Reveille”) and XLVI (“Bring, in this timeless grave to throw”) are reconciled musically through deep constructs and surface attraction, while being informed by critical and historical perspectives. / text

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This dissertation examines the photographs created by Edward Weston during his travels through the United States in 1941 and intended for a luxury reprint of Walt Whitman's Leaves ofGrass published by the Limited Editions Club in 1942. By contrasting the hundreds of photographs Weston made now residing in archives and collections with the forty-nine images ultimately selected and arranged by the Club's director, George Macy, I argue that Weston's larger, more complex and diverse version of America more closely resembled Whitman's text than his publisher's limited selection. Moreover, this under-examined body of work promotes a new understanding of Weston's late oeuvre; inspired by cross-country travel, Whitman's poetry, and other artists, Weston tackled new subject matter, experimented with different styles, and synthesized artistic and documentary modes in his photographs. Chapter I introduces the commission, the role of Weston's wife Charis Wilson in the project, the timely choice in 1941 of pairing Whitman and Weston, both of whom challenged boundaries of their respective media, and the outcome of the book's design. Chapter 2 turns to an analysis of the sequence of the first ten images as representative of Macy's caption-driven approach to the book, which generally discouraged the probing of close relationships among images. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the images themselves paired with close readings of select poems in order to establish the parallels in sensibility of the two artists. Chapters 3 through 5 broaden the discussion by including Weston's unpublished images from the 1941 trip. Focusing on Weston's portraits, Chapter 3 discusses Weston's diverse sitters-African and Native Americans and womensometimes selected while researching ethnography. Chapter 4 focuses on landscapesindustrial, urban, desert, and rural-in which he engaged with popular American imagery and created art and documentary images. Chapter 5 analyzes Weston's photographs of plantation ruins and cemeteries in Louisiana, and folk art and customs for which he recorded examples of American ethnography. Through examination of these images, a new picture of Weston emerges as not only a modernist art photographer, but also a photographer with deep interests in American people, landscape, and culture. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-111). / This thesis is developed as a critical study of the representations of the Cairene house in the contexts of colonial and post-colonial times. Based on the observation that the introverted image of the house remains constant over the two eras, it explores the underlying cultural agendas with relation to the issue of gender segregation in the house. The two canonical representations of the house in their respective times; by Edward W. Lane in mid 19th century and by Hassan Fathy in mid and late 20th century, defined the Cairene house with constant thematic focus on its introverted character. This inwardness is inextricably related with the social practice of separation of genders in the Cairene society which was addressed in both representations in varying degrees. In colonial representation, the focus on the introverted character of the Cairene house became a venue for commenting on the social practice of subjugating woman in the Cairene society. Certain selected type of urban residences affirmed the colonial thesis of segregation of woman in the house. Thus the representation showed an overt emphasis on harem quarter and its associated architectural and spatial elements. The harem was highlighted to assert the difference between the social norms of the colonized and the colonizing cultures. The Middle Eastern society was thus categorically reduced to a segregative and inferior Other which in reciprocity defined the liberal and superior identity of the colonizing West. The post-colonial representation perpetuated the same introverted image of the Cairene house to establish an Arab identity. This identity is anti-western, which looked for its precedents in examples considered uncontaminated by the western Influence. Climatic and social rationalization established the same interiority as appropriate and contextual. In this reversal of connotation, segregation became privacy. The anti-colonial rhetoric of identity of the self is both a reaction to and a derivation from the colonial representation of the Other. The post-colonial search for identity paradoxically ends up in replicating the colonial image of the Cairene house. The post-colonial representation of the Cairene house exploits the traditional and segregated role of woman in the domestic space in establishing an anti-western identity. This speaks of an internal male-female power hierarchy, as Asish Nandy observes, " ... the internal colonialism in turn uses the fact of external threat to legitimize and perpetuate itself." Caught in the politics of identity, the representations of the Cairene house affirmed the secluded existence of woman in the society. / by Asiya Chowdhury. / M.S.

Book Summary: Canada's Prince Edward Island is home to one of the oldest and most vibrant fiddling traditions in North America. First established by Scottish immigrants in the late eighteenth century, it incorporated the influence of a later wave of Irish immigrants as well as the unique rhythmic sensibilities of the Acadian French, the Island's first European inhabitants. In "Couldn't Have a Wedding without the Fiddler," renowned musician and folklorist Ken Perlman combines oral history, ethnography, and musical insight to present a captivating portrait of Prince Edward Island fiddling and its longstanding importance to community life. The book draws heavily on interviews conducted with 150 fiddlers and other Islanders, whose memories colorfully brings to life a time not so very long ago when virtually any occasion - wedding, harvest, house warming, holiday, or the need to raise money for local institutions such as schools and church - was sufficient excuse to hold a dance. And in those days, you simply couldn't have a dance without the fiddler!Perlman explores how fiddling skills and traditions were learned and passed down through the generations and how individual fiddlers honed their distinctive playing styles. He also examines the Island's history and material culture, fiddlers' values and attitudes, the role of radio and recordings, the fiddler's repertoire, fiddling contests, and the ebb and flow of the fiddling tradition, including efforts over the last few decades to keep the music alive in the face of modernization and the passing of old-timers. Rounding out the book is a rich array of photographs, musical examples, dance diagrams, and a discography. The inaugural volume in the Charles K. Wolfe American Music Series, Couldn't Have a Wedding without the Fiddler is, in the words of series editor Ted Olson, "clearly among the more significant studies of a local North American music tradition to be published in recent years."