Honours Degree / James April, [hereafter referred to as April] was a member of the ANC's military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe [otherwise referred to as MK. What might have seemed unusual to the court that day, and to many onlookers, was the fact that he was a "Cape Coloured" man espousing his allegiance to the ANC and praising it as" ... the spirit of the African people". April and Basil February Chis close friend and comrade] were among the first non-African people to join MK thereby recognising the common destiny of all black people. In part,to tell April's [and Basil February's] story is to explore from an individual perspective the capacity and ability of people to overcome their socialisation, and to rise above conformity and social restrictions. Most of all, April's story is of an activist whose political involvement led him to realise the inevitability and necessity of armed struggle. Furthermore, it is the story of the commitment of his life to this very armed struggle.

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This study was written in the belief that FitzGerald did not so much translate a poem as invent a persona based on the Persian astronomer and mathematician (but not poet) Omar Khayyám. This 'invention' opened two different lines of interpretation and scholarship, each forming its own idea of a 'real' Omar based on FitzGerald's invention. One line sees Omar as a hedonist and nihilist; the other as a mystic or Sufi. My argument first is that the historical Omar was neither the former nor the latter; second, FitzGerald's Rubáiyát is a 'Victorian' product even if the raw material of the poem belongs to the eleventh-century Persia. ¶ The Introduction tries to find a place for the Rubáiyát in the English nineteenth-century era. ¶ Chapter One sets FitzGerald's Rubáiyát in perspective. First, it surveys the general background and context to the lives and careers of Edward FitzGerald and Omar Khayyám in order to show how FitzGerald's life was affected by some of the main concerns of the period; and that Omar was neither a hedonist nor a mystic; Secondly, it surveys four major critical studies which have generated different approaches to and emphases in the study and the translation of the rubáiyát attributed to Omar Khayyám. ¶ Chapter Two reviews some examples of Persian language and literature as they were perceived by British readers and authors and shows the reception of Persian poetry in general up to and including the Victorian period. Then it traces FitzGerald's progress with Persian literature, showing how the other Persian poets he read influenced his understanding or 'creation' of the Rubáiyát, and how he discarded the great Persian poets but retained Omar Khayyám as 'his property.' ¶ Chapter Three traces FitzGerald's career as a translator and attempts to give general characteristics of Victorian poetry to show how FitzGerald's version can be seen a Victorian product. Study of the poetry of the period shows the heterogeneity of Victorian poetry and FitzGerald's poem is another example of this multiplicity. The Rubáiyát should be read as a revolt against general Victorian values: optimism, earnestness, Puritanism, and science development. ¶ Chapter Four accounts for the initial neglect of the poem and then for the popular reception of the Rubáiyát by the Pre-Raphaelites and shows aspects in particular appealed to his contemporaries (like R. Browning) which, in turn, is a way of measuring the success of FitzGerald's 'Victorian' invention.

During the depression era, millions of Americans listened to the weekly radio addresses given by Father Charles Edward Coughlin. He devoted his career to speaking out against the evils of America and felt it his duty to warn Americans against the perpetrators of this evil. But after 1934, the tone of his messages became anti-Semitic and his following decreased. His hatred of Jews escalated and in 1942, he was permanently removed from the air waves. A literature review will examine the nature of American anti-Semitism up to 1934 through literature, periodicals and newspapers. The literature review will also identify the key anti-Semitic terminology that Father Coughlin used in his sermons. The analysis and interpretation will show how stylistic tokens of anti-Semitic rhetoric pervaded Father Coughlin's sermons from the beginning of his career, which led to his downfall as a demagogic orator. / Graduation date: 1994

Denna uppsats syftar till att utreda, precisera och analysera innehållet i den förhållandevis okända kontraktstypen outsourcingavtal. Det faktum att outsourcing idag är en vanligt förekommande transaktion gör det både möjligt och angeläget att fånga de gemensamma dragen i outsourcingavtal. Undersökningar visar också att långt ifrån alla som begagnar sig av outsourcing är nöjda med det avtal som reglerar deras affär. Den rättsvetenskapliga ansatsen är därför att belysa denna avtalstyp på samma sätt som mer konventionella avtalstyper, som exempelvis köpavtal, entreprenadavtal och hyresavtal men också mer moderna avtalstyper som franchising och leasing, har behandlats inom doktrinen.

This project explores how cosmopolitan personas rhetorically negotiate the space between local and global, discursively tying people to the national as well as to the global or transnational. It examines the possible co-existence of cosmopolitanism and nationalism while identifying how each is articulated in response to the other. As global networks become increasingly complex, rethinking borders and how they are articulated is essential. Can a quintessential cosmopolitan also be a public nationalist? Are cosmopolitan discourses compromised by their presumed lack of attachment to the local? To what extent and with what success are cosmopolitanism and nationalism siultaneously articulated? In order to study these and other questions, I analyze the public personas crafted by cosmopolitan figures Vaclav Havel, Jimmy Carter, and Edward Said. By illuminating how they negotiate that ambiguous space between locale and its absence, a project attentive to the rhetorical possibilities of discursive connection in a world increasingly devoid of shared loyalties and histories enables a fuller understanding of the possibilites of intercultural contact in a globalizing world.

The essay presents the scholarly controversy over the correct attribution of the works by “Shakespeare”. The main alternative author is Edward de Vere, 17th earl of Oxford. 16th century conventions allowed noblemen to write poetry or drama only for private circulation. To appear in print, such works had to be anonymous or under pseudonym. Overtly writing for public theatre, a profitable business, would have been a degrading conduct. Oxford’s contemporary fame as an author is little matched by known works. Great gaps in relevant sources indicate that documents concerning not only his person and authorship but also the life of Shakspere from Stratford, the alleged author, have been deliberately eliminated in order to transfer the authorship, for which the political authority of the Elizabethan and Jacobean autocratic society had motive and resources enough. A restored identity would imply radical redating of plays and poems.                       To what extent literature is autobiographical, or was in that age, and whether restoring a lost identity from written works is legitimate at all, are basic issues of the debate, always implying tradition without real proof versus circumstantial evidence. As such arguments are incompatible, both sides have incessantly missed their targets. The historical conditions for the sequence of events that created the fiction, and its main steps, are related. Oxford will be in focus, since most old and new evidence for making a case has reference to him. The views of the two parties on different points are presented by continual quoting from representative recent works by Shakespeare scholars, where the often scornful tone of the debate still echoes. It is claimed that the urge for concrete results will make the opinion veer to the side that proves productive and eventually can create a new coherent picture, but better communication between the parties’ scholars is called for. / Literary Degree Project

Denna kandidatuppsats utgör en komparativ studie av två vampyrkaraktärer, greve Dracula och Edward Cullen, utifrån Bram Stokers Dracula (1993) och Stephenie Meyers första roman i Twilightsagan, Twilight (2007). Jag vill försöka klargöra förändringar i skildringarna av vampyrkaraktärerna genom att jämföra hur dem skildras när det gäller utseende, liv samt beteende och handling och därefter finna likheter och skillnader vampyrkaraktärerna emellan utifrån dessa aspekter. Den komparativa studien bygger huvudsakligen på närläsning av romanerna eftersom jag endast ägnar mig åt att studera hur vampyrkaraktärerna skildras. Resultatet visar att det finns såväl likheter som skillnader när det gäller skildringarna av greve Dracula och Edward. Skildringarna av Dracula som en monstervampyr har förändrats, gått förlorade och likaledes bevarats när det gäller skildringarna av Edward som humanvampyr.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom textanalys granska ett antal läroböcker i Engelska A för gymnasiet, utgivna i Sverige under tiden 1995-2003, för att därigenom utforska i vilken mån ett interkulturellt synsätt kommer till uttryck i dessa läroböcker. Slutsatserna som dras utifrån studien visar att ett interkulturellt synsätt betonar ett dynamiskt möte, där mötet leder till en djupare förståelse av sig själv och andra. För att mötet skall vara framgångsrikt förordas en plats utanför den egna och den andres kultur, vilken möjliggör ett utvidgande av den egna horisonten. Vidare visar textanalysen av läroböckerna att en vanligt förekommande skildring av kulturer i den övriga världen, är konstruktionen av ”de andra”, som skiljer sig mot hur den engelsktalande vita kulturen skildras som ”oss”. Den dolda värdering som konstruerar västvärlden till ”oss” och den övriga världen till ”dem”, är värderingar som inte medverkar till ett interkulturellt synsätt. De texter i läroböckerna som understödjer konstruktionen av ”de andra”, motverkar ett interkulturellt synsätt. Här skall också nämnas att ett icke omnämnande av andra kulturer än den vita västerländska och därutöver ett omnämnande av dessa i relation till problem och rasism, inte heller kan ses som medverkande till ett interkulturellt synsätt. Dock finns därutöver några texter i läroböckerna som nyanserat beskriver det mänskliga ”oss” och inte betonar ”vi och de andra”, och dessa kan sägas medverka till ett interkulturellt synsätt.

Dominick Argento (1927-) is one of America¡¦s most distinguished contemporary composers. He composed ten song cycles. Songs about Spring is his first vocal work which composed in 1950 and 1955. This song cycle contains five songs. Argento selected five poems about spring season from American poem Edward Estlin Cummings¡¦ collections of poem, and named the song cycle as Songs about Spring. The study of the lecture recital document contains five main sections: the biography about Argento, the characteristics of Argento¡¦s art songs, a brief introduction of poet Edward Estlin Cummings, the compositional background of Songs about Spring, and a performance analysis of Songs about Spring. The purpose of this study is to explore how Argento made use of music device to express variable sentences, telescoped words, harmony of sound and poem¡¦s frame of mind from Edward Estlin Cummings¡¦s poem, and expects to reinforcing profundity in performance.