Este trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar os resultados da simetria entre o intelectual exposto por Edward Said na obra Memórias do Cárcere de Graciliano Ramos. O papel do intelectual na sociedade sempre foi alvo de questionamentos e Edward Said apresentou um modelo moderno e engajado dessa classe, que tem como missão principal representar os mais oprimidos. A importância deste trabalho se dá pela tentativa de encontrar e descrever a correspondência que existe entre as ideias de Edward Said e a conduta de Graciliano Ramos no período em que esteve preso e após a prisão também. O objetivo é traçar e entender quem é a figura que Said marca como intelectual engajado e moderno capaz de compreender os problemas sociais e, por meio de suas ideias, tentar amenizá-los, destacando as reais dificuldades que atingem as sociedades carentes. Além disso, por meio do entendimento do indivíduo exposto como intelectual por Said, apresentar os comportamentos de Graciliano Ramos em Memórias do Cárcere que os liga a esse intelectual. A hipótese é que, mesmo em situações diferentes, Edward Said e Graciliano Ramos apresentam pontos em comum e, a partir de suas ideias, conseguem dar voz aos que lhe cercam de alguma forma, mantendo seus princípios e não se deixando influenciar por fatores que não correspondem a seus ideais. / This study aims to present the results of symmetry between the intellectual exposed by Edward Said in the work Memories of prison by Graciliano Ramos. The role of the intellectual in society has always been open to question and Edward Said presented a modern model and engaged of this class, whose main mission is to represent the most oppressed. The significance of this study is by trying to find and describe the harmony that exists between the ideas of Edward Said and the conduct of Graciliano Ramos in the period when he was arrested and after arrest as well. The objective is to outline and understand who is the figure that Said mark as engaged intellectual and modern able to understand social problems and, through their ideas, trying to ease them, highlighting the real difficulties that affect the poor societies. In addition, through understanding of the exposed individual as an intellectual by Said, present the behaviors of Graciliano Ramos in Memories of prison that connects them to this intellectual. The hypothesis is that, even in different situations, Edward Said and Graciliano Ramos have points in common and, from their ideas, can give voice to those around their in any way, maintaining their principles and not letting influenced by factors that do not correspond to their ideals.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar os resultados da simetria entre o intelectual exposto por Edward Said na obra Memórias do Cárcere de Graciliano Ramos. O papel do intelectual na sociedade sempre foi alvo de questionamentos e Edward Said apresentou um modelo moderno e engajado dessa classe, que tem como missão principal representar os mais oprimidos. A importância deste trabalho se dá pela tentativa de encontrar e descrever a correspondência que existe entre as ideias de Edward Said e a conduta de Graciliano Ramos no período em que esteve preso e após a prisão também. O objetivo é traçar e entender quem é a figura que Said marca como intelectual engajado e moderno capaz de compreender os problemas sociais e, por meio de suas ideias, tentar amenizá-los, destacando as reais dificuldades que atingem as sociedades carentes. Além disso, por meio do entendimento do indivíduo exposto como intelectual por Said, apresentar os comportamentos de Graciliano Ramos em Memórias do Cárcere que os liga a esse intelectual. A hipótese é que, mesmo em situações diferentes, Edward Said e Graciliano Ramos apresentam pontos em comum e, a partir de suas ideias, conseguem dar voz aos que lhe cercam de alguma forma, mantendo seus princípios e não se deixando influenciar por fatores que não correspondem a seus ideais. / This study aims to present the results of symmetry between the intellectual exposed by Edward Said in the work Memories of prison by Graciliano Ramos. The role of the intellectual in society has always been open to question and Edward Said presented a modern model and engaged of this class, whose main mission is to represent the most oppressed. The significance of this study is by trying to find and describe the harmony that exists between the ideas of Edward Said and the conduct of Graciliano Ramos in the period when he was arrested and after arrest as well. The objective is to outline and understand who is the figure that Said mark as engaged intellectual and modern able to understand social problems and, through their ideas, trying to ease them, highlighting the real difficulties that affect the poor societies. In addition, through understanding of the exposed individual as an intellectual by Said, present the behaviors of Graciliano Ramos in Memories of prison that connects them to this intellectual. The hypothesis is that, even in different situations, Edward Said and Graciliano Ramos have points in common and, from their ideas, can give voice to those around their in any way, maintaining their principles and not letting influenced by factors that do not correspond to their ideals.

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The Israel-Palestine conflict has lasted for 60 years. Within these years, there are five main wars between the Jews and Arabs, and two Palestinian intifada. The Oslo Accord in 1993 once built up the hope of peace, but ended in failure. Palestinians still live under Israeli occupation, stay abroad as refugees, or live in Israel as second-class citizens. ¡@¡@For Edward Said, the question of Palestine is definitely not a conflict between civilizations, it is one between the colonists and the colonized. Said puts great emphasis on the causality of the building of Israel and the Palestinian dispossession; also, he thinks that the identity is not discovered but established. He tried to break the myth of dualism in the Israel-Palestine conflict situation, opposed the kind of ideology of difference which leads to domination, and find the real problem of this long-lasting conflict.

Scholarship on Gustav Mahler’s (1860–1911) late works is often overshadowed by the events of 1907: the death of his daughter, his resignation from the Vienna Court Opera, and the diagnosis of his heart condition. The subjective juxtaposition of this biographical detail on his last works—Das Lied von der Erde (1908), the Ninth Symphony (1909), and the Tenth Symphony (1910, unfinished)—has provoked the application of themes of death, transcendence, and farewell as extra-musical elements to his music. While scholars such as Vera Micznik, Henry-Louis de La Grange, and Stephen Hefling have called the acceptance of this program into question, there has yet to be a more objective analysis of Mahler’s last works via the lens of late style theory. This thesis explores two of Mahler’s last works, Das Lied and the Ninth, through the application of Edward Said’s theory of late style. Rather than approaching death with harmony, resolution, and transfiguration, the late artist in Said’s theory evokes “intransigence, difficulty, and unresolved contradiction”. Instead of a psychological or biographical interpretation of late style, Said’s theory focuses on irreconcilable characteristics that set the artist apart from the age in an anachronistic way. Following his more objective approach of interpreting late style, this thesis relies on the musical elements that characterize Mahler’s late style, categorized as anachronism, disintegration, and evasion of closure. Through the discourse of Said’s late style theory, this thesis reveals alternative means of interpreting Mahler’s late style that avoids the myth of the artist transfigured by death.

L’exil est un fait d’actualité qui concerne un grand nombre d’individus, il est aussi un sujet littéraire fréquent, car plusieurs auteurs l’ont vécu que ce soit par choix ou par obligation. Nous avons choisi dans cette thèse d’explorer l’enjeu de la question de l’exil dans la construction de la posture d’auteur chez Edward Said qui a fait de l’exil le thème central de sa réflexion et de son écriture. L’exil est pour Said une expérience qui mène à une condition interculturelle complexe avec une composante psychologique et une nostalgie qui génèrent une écriture tournée essentiellement vers l’élucidation des origines et la création d’un lieu d’habitat. Toutefois l’exil est un lieu de création et d’ouverture au monde qui permet d’appartenir à plusieurs univers sans être totalement d’aucun et de se positionner en « outsider ». Notre corpus d’étude est constitué, notamment de 46 essais et articles rédigés par Said entre 1965 et 2000, réunis dans son recueil Réflexions sur l’exil et autres essais. Nous avons choisi l’approche méthodologique qui considère la posture d’auteur comme un outil d’analyse permettant un double terrain d’observation : un terrain interne, avec la constitution de l’image de l’énonciateur dans le texte, et un terrain externe sur la présentation de soi qu’incarne l’auteur dans son rôle public. L’expérience de l’exil vécue et présente dans le discours et la pensée de Said l’a conduit à composer son identité auctoriale, à configurer son image d’auteur et enfin à construire sa posture d’auteur et sa singularité intellectuelle exilique. Sa posture d’auteur se définie en une multitude de postures : la posture critique et autocritique où Said s’interroge en essayiste sur lui-même et interprète son environnement sociologique, politique et culturel ; la posture humaniste où l’homme est au centre de son discours, il l’appelle à l’esprit critique et à la recherche de la vérité ; la posture anticoloniale où il défend les peuples opprimés et pourfend le colonialisme. Les postures de Said, qu’il nous a présentées et que nous avons perçues, ne sont ni contradictoires ni incohérentes, elles sont imprégnées de son statut d’exilé. / Exile is an event in which large number of individual are concerned, it is also a frequent literary subjects for several authors that lived in exile whether forced or by choice. We chose in this thesis to explore the issue of exile in the creation of the author posture, Edward Said who made exile the central theme of his reflection and writing. Exile for Said was an experience, which led him to a complex intercultural reflection, psychological and nostalgic components that was reflected on his writing and was the origin of the creation of his place in the surrounding world. However, exile creates an opening to the world and allows him to belong to several universes without being totally of any, nor feels as an “outsider” to any. Our body of study consisted particularly of 46 essays and articles that were drafted by Said between 1965 and 2000 were gathered in the collection and essays of Reflections on the exile”. We chose the methodological approach which considered the author posture as a tool of analysis allowing a double observations: an internal ground with the constitution of the image of the enunciator in the text, and an external ground on the presentation of the one whom embodies the author in his public role. The real-life and present experience of the exile in the speeches and the thoughts of Said led him to compose his auctorial identity and to configure his own image and finally to build his author posture and its intellectual exilic particularity. His author’s posture is defined in a multitude of postures: the critical posture and self-criticism where Said wonders his essay son himself and interprets his sociological, political and cultural environment; the humanistic posture where the man is in the center of his speech, he calls him the critical mind and in search of the truth; the anticolonial posture where he defend the oppressed people and assails the colonialism. The postures of Said, which he presented us and which we perceived, are neither contradictory nor inconsistent; they are filled with his exile status.

This project explores how cosmopolitan personas rhetorically negotiate the space between local and global, discursively tying people to the national as well as to the global or transnational. It examines the possible co-existence of cosmopolitanism and nationalism while identifying how each is articulated in response to the other. As global networks become increasingly complex, rethinking borders and how they are articulated is essential. Can a quintessential cosmopolitan also be a public nationalist? Are cosmopolitan discourses compromised by their presumed lack of attachment to the local? To what extent and with what success are cosmopolitanism and nationalism siultaneously articulated? In order to study these and other questions, I analyze the public personas crafted by cosmopolitan figures Vaclav Havel, Jimmy Carter, and Edward Said. By illuminating how they negotiate that ambiguous space between locale and its absence, a project attentive to the rhetorical possibilities of discursive connection in a world increasingly devoid of shared loyalties and histories enables a fuller understanding of the possibilites of intercultural contact in a globalizing world.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom textanalys granska ett antal läroböcker i Engelska A för gymnasiet, utgivna i Sverige under tiden 1995-2003, för att därigenom utforska i vilken mån ett interkulturellt synsätt kommer till uttryck i dessa läroböcker. Slutsatserna som dras utifrån studien visar att ett interkulturellt synsätt betonar ett dynamiskt möte, där mötet leder till en djupare förståelse av sig själv och andra. För att mötet skall vara framgångsrikt förordas en plats utanför den egna och den andres kultur, vilken möjliggör ett utvidgande av den egna horisonten. Vidare visar textanalysen av läroböckerna att en vanligt förekommande skildring av kulturer i den övriga världen, är konstruktionen av ”de andra”, som skiljer sig mot hur den engelsktalande vita kulturen skildras som ”oss”. Den dolda värdering som konstruerar västvärlden till ”oss” och den övriga världen till ”dem”, är värderingar som inte medverkar till ett interkulturellt synsätt. De texter i läroböckerna som understödjer konstruktionen av ”de andra”, motverkar ett interkulturellt synsätt. Här skall också nämnas att ett icke omnämnande av andra kulturer än den vita västerländska och därutöver ett omnämnande av dessa i relation till problem och rasism, inte heller kan ses som medverkande till ett interkulturellt synsätt. Dock finns därutöver några texter i läroböckerna som nyanserat beskriver det mänskliga ”oss” och inte betonar ”vi och de andra”, och dessa kan sägas medverka till ett interkulturellt synsätt.

In this thesis, I explore the journey between my worlds, the North and the South, examining the politics and poetics of diaspora. In this process I’ve assembled an archive of memory that has been complied over many years. This archive is a collection of memories and artefacts, of items that I still keep as well as items that were left behind a long time ago, and whose imprints are still very much alive in me. Furthermore, this thesis deals with art in Chile that arose out of the tumultuous period of unrest and unbalance following the rise of the dictatorship in 1973. In this thesis, I deal with artists such as Alfredo Jaar, Lotty Rosenfeld, and Eugenio Dittborn, among others. The work of these artists during this artistic period of resistance is constantly imprinted with signs and codes, as well as staunchness and obliqueness, marking a pivotal role in the continued resistance to the oppressors. Likewise, throughout this thesis I examine the ideas and the prevalently latent shift or “in-betweeness” that exists in the narrative of diaspora and in my own narrative as well. Here, I examine the works of artists, cultural theorists and writers including Stuart Hall, Edward Said, Nelly Richard, James Luna, and Salman Rushdie (among others) to reflect on how their work has influenced, shaped and directed my study of Diaspora, and to a greater extent, my understanding of the politics of it. Likewise, throughout his thesis I work to understand of the heterogeneous yet situated bodies of knowledge and experience that make up the contemporary cultural archive of diaspora. This includes various definitions of diaspora that both interrupt the text as well as enrich it.

No description available.