A Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP) e o Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC) estão realizando um projeto conjunto visando o desenvolvimento de um implante Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV). Esta dissertação é parte do desenvolvimento de um VAD implantável em que o rotor da bomba é suspenso por uma suspensão magnética com um grau de liberdade (1-DOF). A suspensão magnética aqui utilizada apresenta o controle ativo somente na direção axial do rotor. Este mancal magnético foi apresentado por Silva e Horikawa (2000) no qual o controle ativo é executado apenas na direção axial do rotor. Neste trabalho o mancal magnético será referenciado como MMA-EPUSP. O motor de corrente contínua sem escovas (BLDC) foi selecionado pelo mesmo motivo que o mancal magnético: o motor não pode ter nenhum contato com o rotor, minimizando os problemas de danos aos componentes do sangue. Entretanto, o acionamento do motor através de forças magnéticas pode interferir na suspensão magnética. Como a estabilidade da suspensão magnética é garantida pela rigidez axial, é razoável presumir que a interação magnética entre o mancal magnético e o motor elétrico pode interferir na suspensão magnética. Este estudo analisa experimentalmente o motor BLDC com rotor apoiado pelo MMA-EPUSP, para identificar o comportamento desse conjunto utilizando duas configurações distintas de motor com fluxo magnético: radial e axial. A análise inclui: (i) projeto, construção e teste de um motor BLDC axial e um radial; (ii) projeto, construção e teste do MMA- EPUSP e do rotor para ser acionado pelos motores BLDC; (iii) estimativa do comportamento dos motores BLDC utilizando análise MEF; e (iv) execução dos testes experimentais para identificar como cada opção de montagem do motor interage com o MMA-EPUSP. A análise MEF corrobora com a recomendação do motor BLDC de fluxo magnético radial como a melhor opção de motorização para o DAV com o MMA-EPUSP, já que este motor não induz nenhuma força magnética axial que precise ser compensada pela suspensão magnética. Entretanto, o projeto do DAV pode ser mais complexo devido à interferência mecânica entre a saída do sangue do DAV e o estator do motor. Já a força magnética axial induzida pelo motor BLDC de fluxo axial é suficientemente forte para desestabilizar o MMA-EPUSP, demandando uma alta corrente do controle de posição do rotor. Os dados indicam que o projeto do controlador atual não conseguirá garantir a estabilidade do mancal magnético com este tipo de motor a altas velocidades. Neste caso, estudos adicionais são recomendados para avaliar a estabilidade dinâmica do rotor com MMA-EPUSP com o rotor imerso em sangue, já que um ambiente líquido poderá absorver a energia das oscilações e minimizar as restrições associadas à instabilidade da suspensão magnética a velocidades inferiores a 5000 RPM. / The Escola Politécnica of São Paulo University (EPUSP) and the Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology (IDPC) is conducting a joint project aiming the development of an implantable Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). This study is part of the development of an implantasuporte@poli.usp.brble VAD in which the pump rotor is suspended by single degree of freedom (1-DOF) magnetic suspension. The magnetic suspension here utilized presents active control only in the rotor axial direction. This magnetic bearing had been presented by Silva and Horikawa (2000) in which the active control is executed only in the axial direction of a rotor. In this work this Axial Magnetic Bearing is referred as AMB-EPUSP. The brushless direct current (BLDC) motor has been elected due to the same reason why a magnetic bearing: the motor should not contact the rotor, minimizing problems of damage to the blood components. However, the driving of the rotor by magnetic forces may interfere in the magnetic suspension. As the stability of this magnetic suspension has been established by the axial stiffness, it is reasonable to expect that the magnetic interaction between the magnetic bearing and the used electric motor may interfere in the magnetic suspension. This study analyzes experimentally the BLDC motor, which rotor is supported by the AMB- EPUSP, to identify the behavior of this set using two distinct magnetic flux motor configurations: axial and radial. The analysis includes: (i) design, construction and testing of the axial and the radial BLDC motors; (ii) design, construction and testing of AMB-EPUSP and the rotor to be driven be both BLDC motors; (iii) estimate the BLDC motors behavior using FEM analysis; and (iv) experimental tests execution to identify how each motor assemble option interact with the AMB- EPUSP. The FEM analysis corroborates on the recommendation of the radial magnetic flux BLDC motor option as the best choice to drive the VAD with AMB- EPUSP, since this motor does not generate any axial magnetic force to be compensated by the magnetic suspension. However, a more complex VAD design may be required due to the mechanical interference between the VAD outlet and the motors winding. The axial force generated by the axial magnetic flux BLDC motor option, induces a strong instability on the AMB-EPUSP, demanding high current to control the rotor position. The data indicates the current controller design will not be able to guarantee the magnetic bearing stability with this motor on higher velocities. On any case, additional study is recommend to evaluate the rotordynamic rotor dynamic instability of the AMB- EPUSP with the rotor surrounded by blood, since the liquid environment should absorb the oscillation energy and minimize the restriction due to the magnetic suspension instability on speed below 5000 RPM.

The main types of faults studied in the literature are commonly categorized as electrical faults and mechanical faults. In addition to well known faults, the performance of a diagnostic algorithm and its operational reliability in harsh environments has been another concern. In this work, the reliability of an electric motor diagnosis signal processing algorithm itself is studied in detail under harsh industrial conditions. Reliability and robustness of the diagnosis has especially been investigated under 1) potential motor feedback error; 2) noise interference to a diagnosis-relevant system; 3) ease of implementation; and 4) universal application of diagnostic scheme in industry. Low cost and flexible implementation strategies are also presented. 1) Signature-based diagnosis has been performed utilizing the speed feedback information which is used to determine fault characteristic frequency. Therefore, feedback information is required to maintain high accuracy for precise diagnosis which, in fact, is not the case in a practical industrial environment due to industrial noise interferences. In this dissertation, the performance under feedback error is analyzed in detail and error compensation algorithms are proposed. 2) Fault signatures are commonly small where the amplitude is continuously being interfered with motor noise. Even though a decision is based on the signature, the detection error will not be negligible if the signature amplitude is within or close to the noise floor because the boundary noise level non-linearly varies and, hence, is quite ambiguous. In this dissertation, the effect of noise interference is analyzed in detail and a threshold design strategy is presented to discriminate potential noise content in diagnosis. 3) The compensating procedure of speed feedback errors and electrical machine current noise, characteristics which are basically non-stationary random variables, requires an exhaustive tracking effort. In this dissertation, the effective diagnosis implementation strategy is precisely presented for digital signal processor (DSP) system application. 4) Most of the diagnosis algorithms in the literature are developed assuming specific detection conditions which makes application difficult for universal diagnosis purposes. In this dissertation, by assuming a sinusoidal fault signal and its Gaussian noise contents, a general diagnosis algorithm is derived which can be applied to any diagnostic scheme as a basic tool.

Diesel engines are commonly used in construction machines, for example excavators. In a diesel engine, the combustion of diesel is a process with a considerable environmental impact, with high amounts of emitted greenhouse gases. The bachelor thesis creates a model that investigates the potential of decreasing the environmental impact when replacing diesel engines with electric motors in the construction phase of the construction process of buildings. The model was made in three steps. In the first step the electric motors’ energy consumption were compared with the diesel engines’ energy consumption. Secondly, the results of the comparison were contrasted against the results of an implemented example as to determine the relevancy of the model. Finally, the carbon dioxide equivalent values of the diesel engines and the electric motors were calculated and compared. The result shows that there is a big potential of decreasing the environmental impact. The reduction is in the order of 63%-99% and it is shown that the share of renewable energy sources in the electricity mix is vital as to make the potential as large as possible.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 hasegawa_mm_dr_botfca.pdf: 930492 bytes, checksum: da61055bf58a17cafc8ab5300d3e1e57 (MD5) / O presente trabalho objetiva a elaboração de um modelo matemático que, através da obtenção de parâmetros elétricos de um motor em regime de trabalho, analise a possibilidade de substituição do mesmo por um de menor potência, obtendo-se economia de energia. Elaborou-se um programa computacional, que proporciona análise da eficiência energética no uso de máquinas elétricas em uma agroindústria canavieira. A linguagem computacional Visual Basic da Microsoft, foi utilizada na elaboração de dois processos para obtenção de modelos matemáticos. Um dos métodos utiliza valores obtidos em catálogos, tais como, rendimento e fator de potência para as condições de 50%, 70% e 100% da potência nominal, que foi denominado Método Porcentagens das Cargas. Através desses valores foram possíveis obter as equações das curvas características dos motores para as condições de cargas mencionadas. O outro método utiliza um programa computacional específico para aquisição de coordenadas reais de imagens digitais, ou seja, obtenção das coordenadas das curvas características dos motores, que foi denominado Método Imagens Digitais. Ambos permitirão obter a regressão das curvas características que servirão para o desenvolvimento do programa de análise do motor. Os dados de entrada são os valores de potência nominal, número de pólos, tensão, rotação nominal e corrente de operação do motor em análise que processados, calculam os valores da potência utilizada, fator de potência, rendimento, rotação, escorregamento e fator de utilização. Caso o fator de utilização seja inferior a 70%, o programa recomenda a troca do motor, simulando seu funcionamento de maneira otimizada para as novas condições de potência. Serão calculados então: corrente de operação, potência nominal, potência utilizada, fator de potência, rendimento, rotação, escorregamento... . / This work has as main purpose the development of a mathematical model which, through the use of electrical parameter of a motor in working process, analyzes the possibility of replacement of the same one by another with lower power in order to save more energy. A computer program has been elaborated and provides the energetic efficiency of the electric machines in a sugar cane agricultural industry. The computer language Visual Basic of Microsoft has been used in two processes in order to get the mathematical model. One of the methods use values obtained in catalogs such as power output and factors to the conditions of 50%, 70% and 100% of the nominal power that was named Percentage of Charge Method. Through these values to get the equation of characteristic curves of the motors above mentioned. The other method uses a specific computer program by receiving real coordinate of digital images that was named Digital Image Method. Both processes will allow to acquire the regression of characteristic curves that will be useful to develop the program of motor analysis. The entrance data are the nominal power, quantity of poles, tension, nominal rotation e motor operation current in analysis once developed, calculate the value of the power used, power factor, output, rotation, slipping and utilization factor. But in case the utilization factor is less than 70% the plan advises to change motor, simulating its functioning in a optimized way to the new power condition. Then will be evaluate the operation current, nominal power, used power, power factor. It has been taken as a model a motor simulator with 29.6 hp power, tension 440 V, 60 Hz, 4 poles and current operation 16 A, the program shows that the motor is superdimentioned and performs the two methods described as follows... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

abstract: This dissertation presents innovative techniques to develop performance-based models and complete transient models of induction motor drive systems with vector controls in electro-magnetic transient (EMT) and positive sequence transient stability (PSTS) simulation programs. The performance-based model is implemented by obtaining the characteristic transfer functions of perturbed active and reactive power consumptions with respect to frequency and voltage perturbations. This level of linearized performance-based model is suitable for the investigation of the damping of small-magnitude low-frequency oscillations. The complete transient model is proposed by decomposing the motor, converter and control models into d-q axes components and developing a compatible electrical interface to the positive-sequence network in the PSTS simulators. The complete transient drive model is primarily used to examine the system response subject to transient voltage depression considering increasing penetration of converter-driven motor loads. For developing the performance-based model, modulations are performed on the supply side of the full drive system to procure magnitude and phase responses of active and reactive powers with respect to the supply voltage and frequency for a range of discrete frequency points. The prediction error minimization (PEM) technique is utilized to generate the curve-fitted transfer functions and corresponding bode plots. For developing the complete drive model in the PSTS simulation program, a positive-sequence voltage source is defined properly as the interface of the model to the external system. The dc-link of the drive converter is implemented by employing the average model of the PWM converter, and is utilized to integrate the line-side rectifier and machine-side inverter. Numerical simulation is then conducted on sample test systems, synthesized with suitable characteristics to examine performance of the developed models. The simulation results reveal that with growing amount of drive loads being distributed in the system, the small-signal stability of the system is improved in terms of the desirable damping effects on the low-frequency system oscillations of voltage and frequency. The transient stability of the system is also enhanced with regard to the stable active power and reactive power controls of the loads, and the appropriate VAr support capability provided by the drive loads during a contingency. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2016

A Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP) e o Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC) estão realizando um projeto conjunto visando o desenvolvimento de um implante Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV). Esta dissertação é parte do desenvolvimento de um VAD implantável em que o rotor da bomba é suspenso por uma suspensão magnética com um grau de liberdade (1-DOF). A suspensão magnética aqui utilizada apresenta o controle ativo somente na direção axial do rotor. Este mancal magnético foi apresentado por Silva e Horikawa (2000) no qual o controle ativo é executado apenas na direção axial do rotor. Neste trabalho o mancal magnético será referenciado como MMA-EPUSP. O motor de corrente contínua sem escovas (BLDC) foi selecionado pelo mesmo motivo que o mancal magnético: o motor não pode ter nenhum contato com o rotor, minimizando os problemas de danos aos componentes do sangue. Entretanto, o acionamento do motor através de forças magnéticas pode interferir na suspensão magnética. Como a estabilidade da suspensão magnética é garantida pela rigidez axial, é razoável presumir que a interação magnética entre o mancal magnético e o motor elétrico pode interferir na suspensão magnética. Este estudo analisa experimentalmente o motor BLDC com rotor apoiado pelo MMA-EPUSP, para identificar o comportamento desse conjunto utilizando duas configurações distintas de motor com fluxo magnético: radial e axial. A análise inclui: (i) projeto, construção e teste de um motor BLDC axial e um radial; (ii) projeto, construção e teste do MMA- EPUSP e do rotor para ser acionado pelos motores BLDC; (iii) estimativa do comportamento dos motores BLDC utilizando análise MEF; e (iv) execução dos testes experimentais para identificar como cada opção de montagem do motor interage com o MMA-EPUSP. A análise MEF corrobora com a recomendação do motor BLDC de fluxo magnético radial como a melhor opção de motorização para o DAV com o MMA-EPUSP, já que este motor não induz nenhuma força magnética axial que precise ser compensada pela suspensão magnética. Entretanto, o projeto do DAV pode ser mais complexo devido à interferência mecânica entre a saída do sangue do DAV e o estator do motor. Já a força magnética axial induzida pelo motor BLDC de fluxo axial é suficientemente forte para desestabilizar o MMA-EPUSP, demandando uma alta corrente do controle de posição do rotor. Os dados indicam que o projeto do controlador atual não conseguirá garantir a estabilidade do mancal magnético com este tipo de motor a altas velocidades. Neste caso, estudos adicionais são recomendados para avaliar a estabilidade dinâmica do rotor com MMA-EPUSP com o rotor imerso em sangue, já que um ambiente líquido poderá absorver a energia das oscilações e minimizar as restrições associadas à instabilidade da suspensão magnética a velocidades inferiores a 5000 RPM. / The Escola Politécnica of São Paulo University (EPUSP) and the Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology (IDPC) is conducting a joint project aiming the development of an implantable Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). This study is part of the development of an implantasuporte@poli.usp.brble VAD in which the pump rotor is suspended by single degree of freedom (1-DOF) magnetic suspension. The magnetic suspension here utilized presents active control only in the rotor axial direction. This magnetic bearing had been presented by Silva and Horikawa (2000) in which the active control is executed only in the axial direction of a rotor. In this work this Axial Magnetic Bearing is referred as AMB-EPUSP. The brushless direct current (BLDC) motor has been elected due to the same reason why a magnetic bearing: the motor should not contact the rotor, minimizing problems of damage to the blood components. However, the driving of the rotor by magnetic forces may interfere in the magnetic suspension. As the stability of this magnetic suspension has been established by the axial stiffness, it is reasonable to expect that the magnetic interaction between the magnetic bearing and the used electric motor may interfere in the magnetic suspension. This study analyzes experimentally the BLDC motor, which rotor is supported by the AMB- EPUSP, to identify the behavior of this set using two distinct magnetic flux motor configurations: axial and radial. The analysis includes: (i) design, construction and testing of the axial and the radial BLDC motors; (ii) design, construction and testing of AMB-EPUSP and the rotor to be driven be both BLDC motors; (iii) estimate the BLDC motors behavior using FEM analysis; and (iv) experimental tests execution to identify how each motor assemble option interact with the AMB- EPUSP. The FEM analysis corroborates on the recommendation of the radial magnetic flux BLDC motor option as the best choice to drive the VAD with AMB- EPUSP, since this motor does not generate any axial magnetic force to be compensated by the magnetic suspension. However, a more complex VAD design may be required due to the mechanical interference between the VAD outlet and the motors winding. The axial force generated by the axial magnetic flux BLDC motor option, induces a strong instability on the AMB-EPUSP, demanding high current to control the rotor position. The data indicates the current controller design will not be able to guarantee the magnetic bearing stability with this motor on higher velocities. On any case, additional study is recommend to evaluate the rotordynamic rotor dynamic instability of the AMB- EPUSP with the rotor surrounded by blood, since the liquid environment should absorb the oscillation energy and minimize the restriction due to the magnetic suspension instability on speed below 5000 RPM.

The goal of this thesis was to evaluate sensors and motor speed control methods for BLDC/PMSM motors in Aerospace applications. The sensors and methods were evaluated by considering accuracy, robustness, cost, development gain and parameter sensitivity. The sensors and methods chosen to simulate were digital Hall sensors and sensorless control of BLDC motors. Using Matlab Simulink/Simscape some motor speed control methods and motor speed estimation methods were simulated using the Hall sensors and sensorless control as a basis. It was found that the sensorless control methods for BLDC motors couldn't estimate the speed accurately during dynamic loads and that the most robust and accurate solution based on the simulations was using the digital Hall sensors for both speed estimation and commutation and this was tested on a hardware setup.

Subject of this thesis is electric mountain bicycle design. The bike type is pedelec. It is designed with respect to target group which consist from hobby athletes and with consideration of Shimano motor location near bottom brackets.

This thesis characterizes the transient thermal response of a 12/16 External Rotor Switched Reluctance Machine (ERSRM) for an E-bike application. A method for calculating coil capacitance based on machine design parameters was introduced and implemented into a standard commercial Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN). A sizing criterion was proposed for the cuboid number in a physically accurate LPTN coil model design. This sizing criterion considers the change in model size with motor speed or forced convection. The LPTN with a more accurate calculation of capacitance within the coil and a known number of cuboids in the coil was validated with experimental results. An analytical proof was provided that a small number of capacitances is not sufficient to model a typical power-dense coil design. The validated model was used to study the impact of a more accurate capacitance calculation method on motor temperature. Both overload and rated operation were investigated. During overload conditions, it was found that the standard capacitance calculation from commercial software massively underestimated the heating rate and peak temperature of the coil hot spot, even with the same number of cuboids. The capacitance of the rest of the motor was able to be varied and investigated for its effects on cooldown dynamics. It was found that for short-time transients the coil could be assumed to act adiabatically in this operating range. Operating points across the operating envelope for the motor under study were mapped to determine the region where the adiabatic assumption could be made. It was shown that a transition occurred where the adiabatic assumption ceases to be valid. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis deals with the thermal modelling of electric machines for traction applications using lumped parameter thermal modelling. A novel approach is presented for calculating and distributing thermal capacitance in motor coils. A 12/16 External Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor is characterized based on its transient thermal response and the novel methods proposed are validated. The sizing of a coil-based thermal model is discussed and a criterion for physical validity proposed. The validated model is used in a sensitivity analysis of coil and motor capacitances. For severe overload conditions and short periods, a result is obtained showing the coil can be modelled as adiabatic. Finally, a rated load condition is tested, and a transition is suggested between overload conditions and non-overload conditions.

Aviation is one of the fastest growing methods of transportation, with passenger volumes expected to triple in the next twenty-five years. It is also contributing an ever increasing share of global emissions. One of the highly effective ways to reduce emissions in aerospace is through electrification. This is already underway with the development and adoption of More Electric Aircraft. A next step is the development of hybrid propulsion, or all electric aircraft, with electric propulsion systems. In order to achieve this goal, the power density of the electric drive is of critical importance. Axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines have been identified as one the highest power density machine types suitable for these electric drives. In this thesis, an axial flux permanent magnet machine is developed for an electric aircraft propulsion system. A review of electric machines in aerospace applications is conducted, followed by an overview of the design and simulation of axial flux machines, and a presentation of the machine under study. The primary objective of this thesis is to improve the stator design of the axial flux machine by reducing loss, weight, and volume. Magnetic materials are studied, and using grain oriented silicone steel for the stator teeth is shown to improve torque production of the machine. The wire, coil, and stator geometry are modified to reduce copper loss. A tightly spaced coil, axially centered on the tooth, with high aspect ratio wire and chamfered pole shoe is shown to reduce loss. Finally, a compact stator winding is proposed with coil terminations on the inner diameter of the stator. The proposed winding reduces the volume of the machine, as well as further reducing copper loss due to less wire utilized. These actions significantly improve the efficiency of the machine, while reducing weight and volume. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)