Orientador: José Alfredo Covolan Ulson / Banca: Rogério Andrade Faluzino / Banca: André Luiz Andreoli / Resumo: Os sistemas de proteção, medição e controle das concessionárias de energia elétrica utilizam transdutores eletromagnéticos de tensão e corrente para adequar as grandezas elétrica de interesse em níveis aceitáveis e necessários para relés de proteção e medidores de energia em geral. A não linearidade da corrente e a presença de frequências da fundamental provenientes de transitórios motivaram esse estudo, o qual buscou o entendimento e modelagem da função de transferência entre as correntes secundárias e primárias. Partindo do levantamento de dados em ensaios de laboratório de um transformador de corrente determinou-se a matriz admitância proposta, como modelo, em função da frequência e em seguida a função de transferência também como função da frequência utilizando o Algoritmo "Vector Fitting". Como resultado obteve-se uma função analítica que foi utilizada na estimação de correntes secundárias quando da aplicação de correntes primárias com frequências fundamental e múltiplas. O trablaho teve um resultado positivo em relação ao seu objetivo promovendo o levantamento do comportamento da relação entre as correntes primária e secundária e mostrando um método factível para a modelagem da resposta dos transformadores de corrente como função de frequência / Abstract: Protection systems, measurements and control of electric utilitiesuse electromagnetic transducers for voltage and current to match the electrical quantities at acceptable levels of interest and necessary for protection relays and power meters in general. The nonlinearity of the current and the presence of frequencies different from fundamental one arising from electrical transients motivated this study which sought the understanding and modeling of the transfer function between the primary and secondary currents. Based on the survey data in laboratory testing for a current transformer, admittance matrix model proposed as a function of frequency was determined, and then the transfer function also a function of frequency using Algorithm "Vector Fitting". As a result there was obtained and analytic function that was used in the estimation of secondary currents when applying primary currents at fundamental and multiple frequencies. The work had had a positive result in relation to its objective by promoting the survey of the behavior of the relationship between the primary and secondary currents and showing a feasible approach for modeling the response of Current Transformers as a function of frequency / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000741718.pdf: 1195293 bytes, checksum: 25768d5d0666ab49aa2c8ffee3482075 (MD5) / Os sistemas de proteção, medição e controle das concessionárias de energia elétrica utilizam transdutores eletromagnéticos de tensão e corrente para adequar as grandezas elétrica de interesse em níveis aceitáveis e necessários para relés de proteção e medidores de energia em geral. A não linearidade da corrente e a presença de frequências da fundamental provenientes de transitórios motivaram esse estudo, o qual buscou o entendimento e modelagem da função de transferência entre as correntes secundárias e primárias. Partindo do levantamento de dados em ensaios de laboratório de um transformador de corrente determinou-se a matriz admitância proposta, como modelo, em função da frequência e em seguida a função de transferência também como função da frequência utilizando o Algoritmo Vector Fitting. Como resultado obteve-se uma função analítica que foi utilizada na estimação de correntes secundárias quando da aplicação de correntes primárias com frequências fundamental e múltiplas. O trablaho teve um resultado positivo em relação ao seu objetivo promovendo o levantamento do comportamento da relação entre as correntes primária e secundária e mostrando um método factível para a modelagem da resposta dos transformadores de corrente como função de frequência / Protection systems, measurements and control of electric utilitiesuse electromagnetic transducers for voltage and current to match the electrical quantities at acceptable levels of interest and necessary for protection relays and power meters in general. The nonlinearity of the current and the presence of frequencies different from fundamental one arising from electrical transients motivated this study which sought the understanding and modeling of the transfer function between the primary and secondary currents. Based on the survey data in laboratory testing for a current transformer, admittance matrix model proposed as a function of frequency was determined, and then the transfer function also a function of frequency using Algorithm Vector Fitting. As a result there was obtained and analytic function that was used in the estimation of secondary currents when applying primary currents at fundamental and multiple frequencies. The work had had a positive result in relation to its objective by promoting the survey of the behavior of the relationship between the primary and secondary currents and showing a feasible approach for modeling the response of Current Transformers as a function of frequency

As necessity for improvement in system operation demands the implementation of distribution automation, design of the protection system becomes more involved. Several goals of distribution automation -- improved customer reliability, reduced systems losses, and balancing of substation loading -- are dependent on the ability to perform automatic circuit reconfigurations. A prerequisite for implementing automatic circuit reconfiguration is that the protection system design must operate properly for all configurations. An integrated expert system for the protection system design of interconnected distribution circuits has been developed using the DANE engineering workstation. The expert system incorporates the basic requirements and guidelines as specified by IEEE for protection system design. The expert system uses a relational database management system, integrates system data, and provides a graphical user interface. The expert system incorporates both procedural and declarative, or query, operating modes. Rules dealing with the coordination, placement and selection of protective devices are presented that are used to dynamically, incorporate expert knowledge into the knowledge base. The protection system designer controls which rules are implemented in the design. An example protection system design is presented using the integrated expert system developed for DANE. The example problem consists of three interconnected distribution circuits. Dynamic knowledge, created by the expert system from the rules and system data, is used in the design. System data is presented pertaining to the circuits along with the created dynamic knowledge. The implemented rules dealing with the coordination, placement and selection of protective devices are presented, along with all associated parameter values. The final protection system design and results are presented in a research report. / Ph. D.

This work concerns the addition of the few critical elements of a protection system to the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). The EMTP is one of the most widely used programs for the simulation of transients in power systems. The EMTP contains models for almost every major power system component. A protection system consists of instrument transformers, relays, and circuit breakers. Models for current transformers and capacitor voltage transformers are developed, validated, and incorporated in EPRI/DCG EMTP Version 2.0. The user can define the values of the current transformer and capacitor voltage transformer parameters. Total Fortran capability has been added to EMTP; new subroutines and an inbuilt structure to allow the linking of user defined Fortran subroutines with the main EMTP are explained. This capability is necessary to simulate computer relay algorithms. The outputs of the algorithms can be passed to the EMTP, which enables the study of the dynamic interaction between the power system and the protection system. Models of specific relays for line protection (SLY12C) and transformer differential protection (BDD15B) are also available. The relay models can be used with different settings. These new features in EMTP together constitute the critical elements of a protection system. Thus, it is now possible to simulate the dynamic interactions between a power system and a protection system. / Ph. D.