Rapidly changing business environment, increasing and fluctuating customer demand, the recent development and employment of technology are crucial reasons for companies to strive for better quality, shorter lead time and lower costs. The supplier evaluation and selection process is an increasingly important activity in the supply chain in order to enhance the company’s competitiveness by reducing the costs and simultaneously maintaining the same quality of products. The focus of this thesis is on the supplier evaluation and selection process for public procurement in Swedish electricity industry. Specifically, the work combines the literature and the empirical findings gathered from the case company Växjö Energy (VEAB) to develop a supplier evaluation and selection process for the public procurement in Swedish electricity industry. It was concluded that the supplier evaluation and selection process for public procurement has basically four steps. The steps are 1. Identifying the needs and the sourcing method; 2. Setting the pre-requirements; 3. Supplier evaluation and 4. Supplier selection. In addition, the developed supplier evaluation tool innovatively combines the advantages of the value-added model with the advantages of AHP model. Moreover, this developed supplier evaluation and selection process would help the public procurement departments in Swedish electricity industry to improve their current practices in selecting the suppliers by highlighting the important steps and developing the evaluation model in a way that enhance its credibility to provide a more precise and reliable results.

The dissertation was inspired by the need to develop a set of indicators that could serve as an instrument to foster a more sustainable path for the Brazilian electricity industry. As additional objectives, the research aimed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the countries assessed, and to extract lessons and recommendations for Brazil to prepare and carry out strategies to foster a sustainable future. The main question posed by the doctoral dissertation was what are the main aspects of a framework that can work as a strategic tool to identify pathways for a sustainable electric future for Brazil? The final indicator-based framework was based on a set of indicators whose aim was to identify a suitable combination of factors for the Brazilian electricity industry to move towards a more balanced energy future. The indicators proposed, all of which were directly related to electricity, were selected based on previous academic work, and were meant to cover the three main domains of sustainability today, namely the economic, social, and environmental domains. The choice of indicators that compose the framework reflects political, academic and market-based concerns involved in the achievement of a sustainable future for electricity. Historical sets of data for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 were used to compile the results of the final five indicators: a) access to electricity (IND1), b) electric power transmission and distribution losses (IND2), c) carbon dioxide emissions from electricity and heat production (IND3), d) renewable electricity output (IND4), and e) renewable generation capacity share (IND5). The results show the 111 countries analyzed for each indicator and as a group for the framework. A series of cross-reference analyses were also shown, positioning Brazil among the best and worst scores, among the Latin American countries and among the BRICS. The conclusions discuss the importance of indicators and how their choice, weight and combination can affect the overall position in a ranking and serve as a powerful tool for better informed decision-making. / A tese foi inspirada pela necessidade de desenvolver um conjunto de indicadores que podem servir como um instrumento para promover um caminho mais sustentável para o setor elétrico brasileiro. Como objetivos adicionais, a pesquisa buscou analisar pontos fortes e fracos dos países e extrair lições e recomendações para que o Brasil prepare e alcance estratégias que fomentem um futuro sustentável. A questão proposta pela tese foi quais os principais aspectos de um índice que poderiam servir como uma ferramenta estratégica para identificar caminhos para um futuro elétrico sustentável para o Brasil? O índice final baseou-se em um conjunto de indicadores cujo objetivo foi identificar uma combinação adequada de fatores para o setor elétrico brasileiro avançar para um futuro de energia mais equilibrado. Os indicadores propostos, todos diretamente relacionados com eletricidade, foram selecionados com base em trabalhos acadêmicos anteriores e foram feitos para cobrir os três principais pilares de sustentabilidade hoje, ou seja, as dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. A escolha dos indicadores que compõem o índice final reflete preocupações políticas, acadêmicas e de mercado que são inerentes ao alcance de um futuro sustentável e elétrico. Conjuntos de dados históricos para os anos de 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 e 2010 foram usados para compilar os resultados dos cinco indicadores finais: 1) acesso à eletricidade (IND1), 2) perdas na transmissão e na distribuição de energia elétrica (IND2), 3) emissões de dióxido de carbono relativos à geração de energia elétrica (IND3), 4) produção de eletricidade renovável (IND4), e 5) capacidade de geração renovável (IND5). Os resultados mostram os 111 países analisados para cada indicador e em grupo para o quadro final. Análises de referência cruzada também foram realizadas, posicionando o Brasil entre as melhores e as piores pontuações, entre os países da América Latina e entre os BRICS. As conclusões discutiram a importância dos indicadores e como sua escolha, peso e combinação podem afetar a posição geral no ranking e servir como uma ferramenta poderosa para tomadas de decisão mais bem informadas.

The dissertation was inspired by the need to develop a set of indicators that could serve as an instrument to foster a more sustainable path for the Brazilian electricity industry. As additional objectives, the research aimed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the countries assessed, and to extract lessons and recommendations for Brazil to prepare and carry out strategies to foster a sustainable future. The main question posed by the doctoral dissertation was what are the main aspects of a framework that can work as a strategic tool to identify pathways for a sustainable electric future for Brazil? The final indicator-based framework was based on a set of indicators whose aim was to identify a suitable combination of factors for the Brazilian electricity industry to move towards a more balanced energy future. The indicators proposed, all of which were directly related to electricity, were selected based on previous academic work, and were meant to cover the three main domains of sustainability today, namely the economic, social, and environmental domains. The choice of indicators that compose the framework reflects political, academic and market-based concerns involved in the achievement of a sustainable future for electricity. Historical sets of data for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 were used to compile the results of the final five indicators: a) access to electricity (IND1), b) electric power transmission and distribution losses (IND2), c) carbon dioxide emissions from electricity and heat production (IND3), d) renewable electricity output (IND4), and e) renewable generation capacity share (IND5). The results show the 111 countries analyzed for each indicator and as a group for the framework. A series of cross-reference analyses were also shown, positioning Brazil among the best and worst scores, among the Latin American countries and among the BRICS. The conclusions discuss the importance of indicators and how their choice, weight and combination can affect the overall position in a ranking and serve as a powerful tool for better informed decision-making. / A tese foi inspirada pela necessidade de desenvolver um conjunto de indicadores que podem servir como um instrumento para promover um caminho mais sustentável para o setor elétrico brasileiro. Como objetivos adicionais, a pesquisa buscou analisar pontos fortes e fracos dos países e extrair lições e recomendações para que o Brasil prepare e alcance estratégias que fomentem um futuro sustentável. A questão proposta pela tese foi quais os principais aspectos de um índice que poderiam servir como uma ferramenta estratégica para identificar caminhos para um futuro elétrico sustentável para o Brasil? O índice final baseou-se em um conjunto de indicadores cujo objetivo foi identificar uma combinação adequada de fatores para o setor elétrico brasileiro avançar para um futuro de energia mais equilibrado. Os indicadores propostos, todos diretamente relacionados com eletricidade, foram selecionados com base em trabalhos acadêmicos anteriores e foram feitos para cobrir os três principais pilares de sustentabilidade hoje, ou seja, as dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. A escolha dos indicadores que compõem o índice final reflete preocupações políticas, acadêmicas e de mercado que são inerentes ao alcance de um futuro sustentável e elétrico. Conjuntos de dados históricos para os anos de 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 e 2010 foram usados para compilar os resultados dos cinco indicadores finais: 1) acesso à eletricidade (IND1), 2) perdas na transmissão e na distribuição de energia elétrica (IND2), 3) emissões de dióxido de carbono relativos à geração de energia elétrica (IND3), 4) produção de eletricidade renovável (IND4), e 5) capacidade de geração renovável (IND5). Os resultados mostram os 111 países analisados para cada indicador e em grupo para o quadro final. Análises de referência cruzada também foram realizadas, posicionando o Brasil entre as melhores e as piores pontuações, entre os países da América Latina e entre os BRICS. As conclusões discutiram a importância dos indicadores e como sua escolha, peso e combinação podem afetar a posição geral no ranking e servir como uma ferramenta poderosa para tomadas de decisão mais bem informadas.

This doctoral thesis contains three essays on the economics of climate change and the electricity sector. The first essay deals with the subject of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic growth. The second essay addresses the issues of climate change policies, especially the role of the emergent innovative technologies, and the restructuring of the electricity sector. The third essay presents a model of transmission investments in electric power networks. Chapter One studies the impacts of climate change on economic growth in the world economies. The paper contains explicit formalization of the depletion process of exhaustible fossil fuels and the phase of technology substitution. The impacts of climate change on capital flows and welfare across countries are also investigated. The restructuring of the electricity sector is studied in Chapter Two. It also analyzes how climate change policies can benefit from emergent innovative technologies and how emergent innovative technologies can lower GHG emissions. It is shown that the price of electricity is strictly rising before emergent innovative firms with zero GHG emissions enter the market, but strictly declining as the entry begins. In Chapter Three, a model of electricity transmission investments from the perspective of the regulatory approach is formulated. The Mid-West region of Western Australia, a sub-system of the South West Interconnected System is considered. In contrast with most models in the literature that deal only with network deepening, this model deals with both network deepening and network widening. Moreover, unlike the conventional investment models which are static and deal only with the long run, this model is dynamic and focuses on the timing of the infrastructure investments. The paper is a study of an optimal transmission investment program which is part of the optimal investment program for an integrated model in which investments in transmission and investments in generation are made at the same time.

This doctoral thesis contains three essays on the economics of climate change and the electricity sector. The first essay deals with the subject of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic growth. The second essay addresses the issues of climate change policies, especially the role of the emergent innovative technologies, and the restructuring of the electricity sector. The third essay presents a model of transmission investments in electric power networks. Chapter One studies the impacts of climate change on economic growth in the world economies. The paper contains explicit formalization of the depletion process of exhaustible fossil fuels and the phase of technology substitution. The impacts of climate change on capital flows and welfare across countries are also investigated. The restructuring of the electricity sector is studied in Chapter Two. It also analyzes how climate change policies can benefit from emergent innovative technologies and how emergent innovative technologies can lower GHG emissions. It is shown that the price of electricity is strictly rising before emergent innovative firms with zero GHG emissions enter the market, but strictly declining as the entry begins. In Chapter Three, a model of electricity transmission investments from the perspective of the regulatory approach is formulated. The Mid-West region of Western Australia, a sub-system of the South West Interconnected System is considered. In contrast with most models in the literature that deal only with network deepening, this model deals with both network deepening and network widening. Moreover, unlike the conventional investment models which are static and deal only with the long run, this model is dynamic and focuses on the timing of the infrastructure investments. The paper is a study of an optimal transmission investment program which is part of the optimal investment program for an integrated model in which investments in transmission and investments in generation are made at the same time.

Deregulation of the electricity industry has altered the investment landscape for new resources. Multiple resource adequacy constructs are in use today around the world and represent diverging opinions of how much interaction regulators should have on the procurement of new resources. The report compares the resource adequacy constructs in Australia, Texas, California and the Northeast of the United States and discusses the future of resource adequacy. The report concludes that a hybridized construct that blends the high offer caps of energy-only markets, the prescriptive nature of resources in capacity markets and a strong price-responsive demand will likely be the future of resource adequacy. / text

This doctoral thesis contains three essays on the economics of climate change and the electricity sector. The first essay deals with the subject of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic growth. The second essay addresses the issues of climate change policies, especially the role of the emergent innovative technologies, and the restructuring of the electricity sector. The third essay presents a model of transmission investments in electric power networks. Chapter One studies the impacts of climate change on economic growth in the world economies. The paper contains explicit formalization of the depletion process of exhaustible fossil fuels and the phase of technology substitution. The impacts of climate change on capital flows and welfare across countries are also investigated. The restructuring of the electricity sector is studied in Chapter Two. It also analyzes how climate change policies can benefit from emergent innovative technologies and how emergent innovative technologies can lower GHG emissions. It is shown that the price of electricity is strictly rising before emergent innovative firms with zero GHG emissions enter the market, but strictly declining as the entry begins. In Chapter Three, a model of electricity transmission investments from the perspective of the regulatory approach is formulated. The Mid-West region of Western Australia, a sub-system of the South West Interconnected System is considered. In contrast with most models in the literature that deal only with network deepening, this model deals with both network deepening and network widening. Moreover, unlike the conventional investment models which are static and deal only with the long run, this model is dynamic and focuses on the timing of the infrastructure investments. The paper is a study of an optimal transmission investment program which is part of the optimal investment program for an integrated model in which investments in transmission and investments in generation are made at the same time.

Many analysts have attempted to develop a systematic approach towards understanding the public policy framework in Thailand, and the impact of policies on Thai society and the environment. However, approaches so far have been limited in scope, and little has been done to investigate Thailand's electricity development policy approach, and its impact on society and natural resources in Thailand. This thesis contributes to filling this knowledge gap through undertaking an analysis of the development of Thailand's electricity industry power generation policy, its institutions and the policy process. It also examines the policy actors working within the process, and their roles, power and influence, factors that have shaped the distinctive characteristics of the electricity industry in Thailand today, an industry that is being confronted by increased opposition to its development from a range of community groups concerned with adverse environmental and social impacts on it. My research here uses Historical Institutionalism and Policy Network Analysis to guide the investigation. A qualitative research methodology, including the examination of documentary evidence and the interviewing of 25 key informants, was used to improve our knowledge of the policy process, and to reveal the nature of the conflicts that have emerged within the Thai policy-making bureaucracy, a bureaucracy that controls the electricity industry, and between these policy actors, the elected and military governments, and other parts of the Thai community. My research found that the development of Thailand's electricity generation policy has been complex; influenced bysocio-economic and political factors, as well as by external factors such as conditionalities imposed by foreign governments and multinational lending agencies. These factors have constrained the political institutions and political elites who play a key role in setting the rules for the restructuring of the industry. As Thailand has developed to become more democratic, the emergence of new groups of policy-makers, such as elected-politicians and civil society, has brought about a change in electricity policy direction, and in the structure of the industry. The research identified four key groups of policy actors participating in the Thai electricity policy arena, including first the 'old energy aristocrats'; officials in Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand (EGAT) who established the industry. They were followed by the officials in Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO) who had a more commercial orientation and who challenged the earlier ideas, leading to proposals to privatize the industry. Civic Society Organisations (CSOs) emerged in the 1970s to challenge the large energy projects proposed by the Government, those supported by elected-politicians, particularly the politicians from Thai Rak Thai Party that tried to take control of the industry for their own ends. The TRT interventing in the industry after it came to power in the 1990s. Each of these policy participants developed their own discourses to influence policy-making and public opinion. To reveal the nature of the challenges faced in developing the electricity industry in Thailand, this thesis focuses on a number of case studies of large electricity development projects, including the Nam Choan and Pak Mun Dam Projects, the Prachub Kirikhan Power Plant Projects, and the Wiang Haeng Coal Mine Development Project. My studies reveal evidence of the significant negative impacts that these projects had and continue to have, on the communities and environment adjacent to them, and on Thai society more generally. These problems emerged due to the fact that the policy institutions were, and still are, dominated by technocrats and political elites, with limited public participation in either the policy decisions made, or the policy development process. My thesis concludes that conflicts in relation to the electricity industry policy process are likely to grow in future years, and so makes a number of suggestions as to how these issues might be addressed.

This doctoral thesis contains three essays on the economics of climate change and the electricity sector. The first essay deals with the subject of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic growth. The second essay addresses the issues of climate change policies, especially the role of the emergent innovative technologies, and the restructuring of the electricity sector. The third essay presents a model of transmission investments in electric power networks. Chapter One studies the impacts of climate change on economic growth in the world economies. The paper contains explicit formalization of the depletion process of exhaustible fossil fuels and the phase of technology substitution. The impacts of climate change on capital flows and welfare across countries are also investigated. The restructuring of the electricity sector is studied in Chapter Two. It also analyzes how climate change policies can benefit from emergent innovative technologies and how emergent innovative technologies can lower GHG emissions. It is shown that the price of electricity is strictly rising before emergent innovative firms with zero GHG emissions enter the market, but strictly declining as the entry begins. In Chapter Three, a model of electricity transmission investments from the perspective of the regulatory approach is formulated. The Mid-West region of Western Australia, a sub-system of the South West Interconnected System is considered. In contrast with most models in the literature that deal only with network deepening, this model deals with both network deepening and network widening. Moreover, unlike the conventional investment models which are static and deal only with the long run, this model is dynamic and focuses on the timing of the infrastructure investments. The paper is a study of an optimal transmission investment program which is part of the optimal investment program for an integrated model in which investments in transmission and investments in generation are made at the same time.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20651号 / 経博第551号 / 新制||経||282(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡辺 純子, 教授 黒澤 隆文, 教授 西牟田 祐二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM