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One of the major role players in the economy of South African is the mining industry. It forms almost 20% of the gross domestic product of South Africa, with sales of R 76.5 billion for 1999. Of this, gold sales were 33% of the total sales, or R24.99 billion for 1999. Platinum sales were 19.5% of the total sales, or RI4.92 billion for 1999. In 1999 the energy consumption of the mining industry in South Africa was 114 325.2 TJ or 31.757 TWh per year at an average consumption of 3.63 GWh. This constitutes 18.4% of the country's total energy consumption for 1999. This forms a big part of the annual expenditure of the mining industry and contributes a large part of the base load of the country. ESKOM is moving towards a price structure for electricity that reflects the real cost of generation, namely real time pricing (RTP). ESKOM developed various cost structures to coax customers to manage their electricity demand (DSM) to use more energy in off-peak periods (low cost of generation) and less energy in peak periods (high generation costs). To use these structures to the fullest potential, the mines need to investigate their energy consuming components and see where these structures can be implemented. The ventilation and cooling (Ve) system of mines use approximately 25% of the total energy used in the mining activities. This component is therefore a good place to investigate the implementation of such structures and their potential impact. Most of the price structures from ESKOM are based on the fact that the consumer needs to be I able to shift part of or its entire load for a period of time. The potential of this shift and the impact of it on the mine and ESKOM is complex and dynamic in nature. For such a purpose integrated, dynamic simulation software is needed. In the mining industry there is no integrated and dynamic simulation software. This simulation field is much more developed in the building industry. Therefore, with much effort, a building simulation tool" was used to find the potential for shifting load in gold and platinum mines. A first pilot study was done for the VC system of a pilot mine, South Deep (PDW AN). The mine has an installed cooling capacity of 28 MW and had a total energy consumption of 400 GWh for 1999. The mine was simulated and verified with measured results. The VC system or cooling cycle attributes almost 40 % of the total load caused by the mine. Using current and new control, along with some different system configurations, the total potential load shift on VC was determined to be 19 MWh, sustained for five continuous hours per day. This causes a recovery period of six hours with an increase of 4.5 MWh on the maximum load. If this could be replicated on all the mines in South Africa, a total load shift of 1,35 GWh could be achieved. But not all mines are that deep and therefore the influence of the cooling cycle might not be so great. If only half the potential load could be shifted it could still cause a load shift of 676 MWh for the South African network for a potential period of five hours a day. Only when the entire mining industry is able to achieve the same results as South Deep, can ESKOM successfully implement all their new pricing structures and can South Africa profit from such devices. Our experience with this project also showed that a new integrated, dynamic simulation tool, aimed specifically at mines, must be developed before the above mentioned results can be achieved by ESKOM. / Dissertation (MEng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T17:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_JOSE FRANCISCO BELFORT BRITO.pdf: 3159242 bytes, checksum: c14107981a4deda84207e114d2afd28d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-02 / In this thesis, we try to make them understand the individual management of each stakeholder in maintaining the national grid in Maranhão, namely: the power generators; the transmission company; the concessionaire distributor of energy in medium and low voltage spot and ultimately the end consumers of the product. Noteworthy are the objectives of the study: to analyze the forms of insertion of production management systems, transmission, distribution and energy consumption; identify and demonstrate the measurement of economic loss, social and cultural Maranhão in the period 1980-2015; allow the formation of human resources in energy management in a constructivist perspective correlated to continued progress in socio-spatial and regional groundswell of public and private management providing the State. We used a critical methodology based on both qualitative and desk research, in consultation with the technical information, plans, programs, projects, maps, studies and documents produced by public and private agencies that do respect the regional development of Maranhão territory linked to the energy sector, be they state or not origin. Among the findings and conclusions there is the indication that institutionally for the government of the state of Maranhão, a race at a rapid pace was initiated in order to update data and generate new information to develop management policies of the energy produced in their territory, assigning an emphasis on data collection of all electricity generation in its territory, the matrix in which they operate their productivity. / Nesta dissertação, procura-se fazer entender o gerenciamento individual de cada parte interessada na manutenção do sistema elétrico nacional no Estado do Maranhão, quais sejam: as geradoras de energia; a empresa de transmissão; a concessionária distribuidora de energia em média e baixa tensão local e, finalmente os consumidores finais do produto. Destacam-se os objetivos do trabalho: analisar as formas de inserção de sistemas de gestão de produção, transmissão, distribuição e consumo de energia; identificar e demonstrar a mensuração da perda econômica, social e cultural do Maranhão no período de 1980 a 2015; possibilitar a formação de recursos humanos em gestão de energia numa perspectiva construtivista correlacionado ao progresso contínuo no engrandecimento socioespacial e regional das gestões públicas e privadas proporcionados ao Estado. Utilizou-se uma metodologia crítica com base em pesquisa qualitativa e documental, com consulta às informações técnicas, planos, programas, projetos, mapas, estudos e documentos elaborados pelos órgãos públicos e privados que fizessem respeito ao desenvolvimento regional do território maranhense ligados ao setor energético, fossem eles de origem estatal ou não. Dentre os resultados e conclusões há a indicação de que institucionalmente para o governo do Estado do Maranhão, foi iniciada uma corrida a passos largos, no sentido de atualizar os dados e gerar novas informações para desenvolver políticas de gerenciamento da energia produzida em seu território, atribuindo uma ênfase ao levantamento de dados de toda a geração de eletricidade em seu território, a matriz em que operam suas produtividades.